橡胶技术网专业英语.docx

橡胶技术网专业英语.docx

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橡胶技术网专业英语

LessonOne

TheDevelopmentofRubber

Hereisastoryaboutrubber.

Intheearlypartoftheeighteen-hundreds,theAmericansmadeuseofnaturalforthefirsttime.Firsttheymadeovershoestokeeptheirfeetdry.ThencameacertainMr.Mackintosh,whomadecoatsofclothcoveredwithnaturalrubber.Butthesefirstrubberovershoesandraincoatswereallsoftandstickyinsummer,andhardandunelasticinthewinterwhenitwascold,therubberwehavetodayisnotstickybutsoftandelastic,thoughverystrong-eveninthewarmestsummerandthecoldestwinter.Therewouldbenoautomobilessuchaswehavetodaywithoutit.Butatthattimeeveryattempttomakerubberhardandstrongcometonothing.Theearlyovershoesandraincoatsweresimplynotgoodenoughandtheirmakerswentoutofbusiness.

Goodyearwaslivingnearsomeofthesepoormenandhegottoworkonthisquestionofmakingrubberhardandstrong.Oncehestartedonthiswork,hewasthesortofmanwhosimplyhadtogoontillhehadovercomethetrouble.Firstcamethediscoverythatnitricacid（HNO3）madetherubbermuchbetter,andinashorttimehewasdoingasmallbusinessinrubbershoesproducedinthisway.

Water,afriendofhishadtheideathatrubbermightbemadehardandstrongifmixedwithsulphurandputinthesun.Goodyearputhisideatothetest,andsawthatitdidhavemoreorlessthedesiredeffect,butonlyontheoutsideoftherubber.Itiscommonknowledgenowthatthewaytomakerubberhardandstrong-to“vulcanize”it,aswesay,isbyheatingitwithsulphur.Goodyearspentanotherfouryears,inwhichthingswentveryhardlywithhim,beforehemadethediscoveryhowtovulcanizerubbercompletely.Whenatlasthedidit,hehadnothingleftatall.Everythingofthesmallestvaluehadusedtogetmoney,evenhischildren’sschool-books.

Almosteverydiscoveryorinventionhascomeasortofstorybehinditthoughtheyarenotallquitesuchunhappystories.

NewWordsandExpressions

1.madeuseof使用,利用

2.overshoe套鞋（常用复数）

3.sticky粘性的,（天气）湿热的

4.elastic弹性的,灵活的,有伸缩性的

5.unelastic没有弹性的

6.not…..but……不是…..而是…..

7.automobilerr（美语）汽车

8.cometonothing没有结果,失败

9.simply简单地,真正地,朴素地

10.outofbusiness停业,歇业

11.gettoworkonsth开始做某事

12.overcome克服

13.overcame,overcome

14.nitric含氮的

15.acid（化学）酸,酸的

16.nitricacid硝酸

17.sulphur,sulfur（化学）硫,硫磺

18.put…..tothetest对……进行试验

19.vulcanize硫化

20.atall究意,全然,一点儿

21.value价值,评价

22.school-books教科书

LessonTwo

ThePartbyRubberinModernCivilization

Rubberisindispensabletomoderncivilization.Itsimportanceineveryformoftransportfortyresandtubesisself-evidentandhasbeenfullybroughtout.About80persentofallrubbersisusedinthemotorindustry,mainlyfortyres.Thisappliestopassangers,goodstransport,andprivatecars.Withoutrubber,therariousformoftransportationcouldnotrun,thecommunicationsystemwouldbreakdown.

Alargeproportionoftheremaindergoesintowhatareknownasmechanicalgoods,whichincludesucharticlesasbelting,packing,mouldedgood,hoseandinnumberableothertyresofproducts.Mostofthesearticlesareabsolutelyvitaltotheoperationoftheindustryingeneral.Withoutthemindustrywouldcometoastandstill.

Rubberisofthegreatestpossibleimportanceintyresontractorsforagriculturaluse.Thechange-overformsteelwheelstopneumatlicshashadaprofoundaffectonagriculturaldevelopment.

Theelectricalindustryisthelargeconsumer.Rubberisofoutstandingsignificanceintheelectricalindustryasinsulation,particularlyforeables.Thereasonsforitspreeminentpositionareoutstandingelectricalproperties,thegoodmechanicalproperties,andtheeasewithwhichitcanbehandled.

NowWordsandExpressions

1.toplayapartin在…方面起作用，对…起作用

2.modern现代的，近代的，新式的

3.civilization文明，文化

4.indispensable绝对必要的，不可缺少的

5.transport运输

6.tyre,tire轮胎

7.tube管子，内胎

8.self-evident自明的，不言而喻瓣

9.bringout说明，产生，显出，发表，出版

10.percent百分数

11.motor发动机，电动机，马达

12.industry工业，产业，刻苦

13.mainly主要地，大部分

14.apply应用，申请

15.passenger乘客，旅客

16.private私人的，私有的，秘密的

17.communication通讯，传播，交通

18.system系统，体制，制度

communicationsystem通讯系统，交通体系

19.proportion比例

20.remainder剩余，余数，剩下的人

21.tobeknownas通称的，以…著称

22.mechanical机械的，力学的，工业的

23.article物品，文章

24.belt带，胶带

25.pack包，捆，堆，垫圈

26.mould模型

27.hose软管，皮带管

28.inaumberable无数的，数不清的

29.absolutely绝对地，完全地

30.vital生命的，非常的，有生命力的

31.ingeneral总之，通常，一般说来

32.cometoastand停顿

33.tractor拖拉机

34.agricultural农业的

35.change-over调换，转换

36.wheel车轮

37.pneumatic装满空气的

38.profound深远的，很深的

39.affect影响

40.electrical电的

41.consumer消费者，消费品

42.outstanding显著的，杰出的，未解决的

43.significance意义，重要性

44.insulation绝缘体

45.cable电缆

46.pre-eminent杰出的，卓越的

47.property财产，性质

48.witheasewith轻易地

LessonThree

NaturalRubber、SyntheticRubberandReclaimedRubber

NaturalRubberisahighmolecularweighthydrocarbonwhichcomesfromthelatexofmanyplantsandisobtainedbycoagulationwithchemicals,bydrying,electricalcoagulationandotherprocesses.ThemostimportantproducerisHeveaBrasiliensis.Thewildrubberproducedformlatexcontains,besidesthehydrocarbon,smallquantitiesofprotein,carbohydrates,resin-likesubstances,mineralsaltsandfattyacids.Theseotherconstituentsactinpartasnaturalacceleratorsandanti-oxidantsandgivetheproductprocessingpropertieswhichdonotexistinthepurehydrocarbon.

［Naturalrubberiscis-1,4-polyisoprenewiththeempiricalformular（C5H8）n］andthestructuralformular.

CH3

︳

[—CH2—C＝CH—CH2—]

Whenvulcanized,rubberbecomeshighlyextensible,showsfastrecovery,andishighlyelastic.

“Syntheticrubber”isthecommonterm,infactincorrect,forchemicallydifferentpolymerswithrubber-likeproperties.Sincethetermrubberappliestotheoriginalproduct,i.c.polyisoprene,thetermsyntheticrubbershouldstrictlylerasedonlyforsynthetic“NaturalRubber”（cisl,4-polyisoprence）.Forpolymers,withrubberyproperties,whichdonothaveanidenticalstructuretonaturalrubber,thetermsartificialrubber,chemicalrubberorsynthesizedrubberhavebeensuggested.Inmodernusagothetermrubbernolongerreferstoachemicallydefinedproductbutrelatessophysicalproperties,allsyntheticpolymerswithpropertiessimilartothoseofnaturalrubbermaythereforebeclassifiedaspropertiesrubbers.

Ingeneral,itmaybestatedthtsyntheticrubberdonothaveallqualitiesofnaturalrubbers,buttheirspecialpropertieshavemadethemmoresuitablethannaturalrubberforcertainapplicationsandtheyhaveachievedaphenomenaltechnicalimportance.

Reclaimedrubberisobtainedbytreatingscrapvulcanizedrubberbyoneofseveralmethods,sothatitbecomesplasticagainandcanbehandledonamillandincorporatedinarubbercompound,togetherwithcruderubber.

Reclaimedrubbercontainsalltheingredientsoftheoriginalcompound,exceptfortheuncombined,orfreesulfur.Itwasfirstusedforeconomicalreseanthatistoreducethemanufacturingcost.However,itwasfoundthathasalsootheradvantagesinadditiontoitslowercost.Itfancilitatesmasticationandhasverybeneficialeffectoncalendaringandextruding.Thequantityusedvariestoagreatextentandsomecompoundsarebasedexclusivelyonreclaimedrubber.However,reclaimedrubberaffectssomeofthemechanicalpropertiesofthevulcanizeateunfavorably.Therefore,itisnotusedincasewherehighabrasionoftearresistanceortensilestrengthisrequired.

NowWordsandExpressions

1.natural天然的，自然的，简单的

2.synthetic人工的，合成的

3.reclaim收回，改正

4.molecular分子的

5.hydrocarbon烃，碳氢化合物

6.latex胶乳

7.coagulation凝固，凝结，凝聚

8.producer生产者

9.HeveaBrasiliensis巴西三叶橡胶树

10.wild野生的

11.quantity数量，数

12.protein蛋白质

13.carbohydrate碳水化合物

14.resin-like类树脂的

15.substance物质

16.mineral矿物，矿质的

17.salt盐

mineralsalt金属盐

18.fatty脂肪的

fattyacid脂肪酸

19.constituent成分，组分

20.accelerator促进剂

21.oxidant氧化剂

anti-oxidant防老剂，抗氧剂

22.process方法，过程

23.exist存在

24.pure纯的，纯净的

25.cis-polyisoprene顺式聚异戊二烯

26.empirical经验主义的，以经验为根据的

27.formula式，公式，配方

28.structural结构上的

29.extensible可伸长的

30.recovery复原，复原性

31.infact事实上，实际上

32.incorrect不正确的

33.polymer聚合物

34.original最初的，原来的

35.i.e.那就是，即

36.strict严格的

37.identical同一的，完全相同的

38.artificial人工的，人造的

39.synthesise合成，综合

40.usage使用，用法，惯例，习惯

41.refer读到，提到

referto参考，查阅，指

42.define解释，给……下定义

43.relate叙述，讲，有关，涉及（to）

44classify分类，分级，把…分类

45.state陈述

46.quality质量

47.suitable合适的

48.application使用，应用

49.phenomenal惊人的

50.scrape刮，削，擦

51.mill开炼机

52.incorporate加入，综合的

pound化合物，胶料

54.crude天然的，未加工的

55.ingredient配料，配合剂

56.uncombined未化合，未结合

57.economical经济的，节约的

58.manufacture制造

59.cost成本，花费

60.inaddition另外

61.facilitate使容易，使便利，推进

62.mastication塑炼

63.beneficial有益的，有利的

64.calendar压延机，压延

65.extrude挤出，压出

66.extent范围，广阔，程度

67.tobebasedon以…为根据，根据

68.exclusive孤高的，排外的，专有的，唯一

69.vulanizate硫化胶

70.unfavorably不利的，不顺利地

71.case情况，事例

72.abrasion摩擦，磨损

73.tear撕裂

74.resistance抗耐性，耐力

75.tensile拉力的，抗张力的

76.strength力，强度

LessonFour

VulcanizingAgents、AcceleratorsandActivators

Duringvulcanization,thelongchainoftherubbermoleculesbecomecrosslinkedbyreactionswiththevulcanizingagenttoformthree-dimensionalstructures.Inpratice,sulfurisusedalmostexclusivelyforvulcanizationofrubber.Othervulcanizingagents,suchassulfurchloride,selenium,tellurium,andthiuramdisulfide,areusedonlyinspecialcases.

Accelerationscanincreasethespeedofreactionbetweensulphurandrubber,orlowerthevulcanizationtemperature.Theycanalsodecreasethephysicalandtechnicalproperitiesofthevulcanizate.

Inorganicaccele