Chapter 1 Taking Exams.docx

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Chapter 1 Taking Exams.docx

Chapter1TakingExams

Unit1Chapter1TakingExams

TeachingObjectives

Studentswillbeableto

1.developthestudents’abilitytoacquirenewwordsindifferentcontexts;

2.reinforcethememoryofthetenwordsthroughthefeedbackexercises:

matchingtestandthreechecks;

3.gainnewinsightsintovariousassociationsandwordformations,esp.theabilitytousetherootsandderivatives.

TimeAllotment

Section1

Warming-upactivities:

Pretestofthewholebook

15minutes

Section2

ExplanationandPracticearoundwordsinChapter1

35minutes

FurtherDevelopmentforROOT/PREFIX/SUFFIXinformation

KeyWords

Chapter1

acknowledge

alternative

anecdote

appropriate

avert

candid

compel

comply

concise

drastic

AdditionalWords1

alternate

accumulate

assimilate

convert

expel

impel

propel

repel

imply

precise

TeachingProcedures

1.Warm-upActivity(15minutes)

Pretestofthewholebook

2.ExplanationandPracticearoundwordsinChapterInteractivelyinContext(30minutes)

Aim:

applyingthetheoryoflexicologytosenserelationsinclass;givethestudents

veryclearcluesofcertainwordsandtheirmeanings;teachthestudentshowto

learnEnglishvocabularyandtrainthemskillsofrootsandderivationswhichare

helpfultomemorizethenewwords.

TeachingSteps:

(1)performtheactivitiesinteractivelybasedonguessingthemeaningofthe10

wordsincontext,trytomakeclasslively;

(2)applythetheoryoflexicologytosenserelationsinthetenwords,Tmayexplain

andenlargesomethingimportant.

Analysisofskillsofusing:

contextwithantonyms

contextwithsynonyms

commonsense(generalknowledge)

culturalinformation

createwordpoweronwordsinthechapter

collocation

relatedforms

supplementtowordformation

phrasesandexpressionsfromexamplesentence

synonymdiscrimination:

1.acknowledge:

vt.

a.toadmitthatsomethingyousaidorbelievedwasinfactwrong:

Heacknowledgedhismistake.

b.togivethanksfor:

Heacknowledgedhishelpinhisspeech.

c.togreetsomeone:

Heacknowledgedherbyliftinghishat.

collocation:

[acknowledge+n.]

[acknowledge+doing/that]

[acknowledge+n.+as(tobe)+n./adj.]

inacknowledgementof[prep.]承认…,感谢…,以…表示谢意

createwordpoweronvote:

voteonsth就…投票表决

votefor/againststh投票赞成/反对

votetodo/that…投票去做…,投票决定…

与“选举”有关的词汇:

选举election

选举日ElectionDay

投票castaballot

计票countofvotes

投票日pollingday 

投票箱ballotbox 

选举程序electoralprocedures 

选举规则electionregulation 

选民voter/elector 

初选primaryelection 

普选generalelection

当选beelected 

合格选民eligiblevoter 

候补者alternatecandidate 

候选人candidate 

候选人名单slate 

不记名投票secretvote/anonymousballot 

差额选举competitiveelection 

差额投票differentialvoting 

等额选举single-candidateelection

弃权不投票abstentionfromvoting 

废票invalidvote/voidedballot 

改选re-election 

记名投票disclosedballot 

抗议票protestvote

监票员ballotexaminer 

拉票solicitingvotes 

落选loseanelection/bevotedout 

民意测验publicopinionpoll 

提名nominate

提名者nominator 

synonyms:

admit,confess

antonyms:

deny,gainsay[否认],contradict

2.alternative:

n.a.achoicebetweentwo(orlooselymore)thingsorpossibilities

替换物,选择对象

Dowehaveanyalternativeinthiscase?

b.either(orlooselyany)ofthese:

两者挑一的

Idon’tlikefish.Isthereanalternativeonthemenu?

[alternative+of+n./doing]

Wetookthealternativeofwaling.我们选择步行。

[alternativeto+n.]

Ihadnomoney,soIhadnoalternativetostayingathome.

adj.[Lat.alter,meaning“other”or”thesecondoftwo”]

affordingachoicebetweentwothings:

Analternativearrangementcanbemadeifmyplansdon’tsuit

you.

relatedforms:

alternation:

n.交互,交替,间隔

ThereisanalternationofredandwhitestripesintheflagoftheUnitedStates.

alternatively:

adv.或者,要不就...

Gobybusoralternativelybybike.

synonyms:

choice,option,preference,substitute

[词根]alter,altern,ali=other,tochange,表示“其他的,改变状态”

alter变更,改变(alter其他的→变成〔其它的〕)

alterable可改变的(alter+able能…的)

alteration改造,改变(alter+ation表名词)

alternation交互,交错(alternate+ion)

alternative二者择一(的)(来自alternate交替,交替选择的方法)

alternatev.交替a.轮流的(altern+ate→更换着做事→交替)

Ialternatedbetweenrunningandridinginmysparetime.

闲暇时,我时而跑步,时而骑马。

[alternatewith+n]Sunnyweatheralternatedwithrain.

alternatorn.交流发电机

3.anecdote:

n.ashort,interestingoramusingstory,esp.atrueone▲:

Heprecededhislecturewithahumorousanecdote.

collocation:

tellananecdoteabout+n.讲关于…的逸事

relatedforms:

anecdotal:

adj.likeorfullofanecdotes:

多逸事趣闻的;含逸事趣闻的

Hehasarelaxed,anecdotalprose-style.

phrasesandexpressionsfromexamplesentence:

takerevengeonsb.forsth.对…报仇

straightoff[away]立刻,马上

synonyms:

story(ofprivatelife),biographicalincident.

4.appropriate:

adj.(more~,most~)suitable▲:

[beappropriatefor/to+n.]

Herclotheswereappropriatetotheoccasion

[联想记忆]ap+propr(看作proper适当的)+iate→适当的

Leisureclothesarenotappropriatetoaformalwedding.

在正式的婚礼上穿休闲服饰不合适的。

[派]appropriateness(n.适当);inappropriate(a.不适当的)

relatedforms:

appropriately:

adv.suitably.

appropriateness:

n.

appropriation:

n.充当,分配,拨款;(经议会承认的)政府支出金

createwordpoweronshoe:

uppersofashoe鞋帮儿

shoemaker=cobbler鞋匠

shoelace鞋带

heel鞋跟

sole鞋底

shoehorn鞋拔子

loafer平底鞋

moccasin鹿皮鞋,软拖鞋

tennisshoes网球鞋

platformshoe厚底鞋

slipper拖鞋

sandals凉鞋

sneaker轻便运动鞋

heeled高跟鞋

wedge坡跟鞋

culturalinformationon教堂:

synagogue犹太会堂;犹太教堂

mosque清真寺(伊斯兰教)

monastery寺院,(男)修道院

Buddhistnunnery庵

convent,nunnery(女)修道院

church教堂(基督教)

cathedral大教堂(天主教)

synonyms:

apt,befitting,correct,felicitous,fit,fitting,meet,proper,suitable,

suited.

antonyms:

inappropriate,unsuitable,inapposite,outofplace,inbad

taste,outofkeepingunfit,inadequate

[前缀]ab-,ac-af-,ag-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示加强

abbreviatev.缩写(ab+brev短+iate使…→一再使短)

acceleratev.加速(ac+celer速度+ate→加强速度→加速)

accompanyv.陪伴(ac+company伙伴→陪伴)

accumulatev.积累(ac+cumul堆积+ate→不断堆积→积累)

Hugesnowdriftshadaccumulatedontheairport’srunways.

巨大的雪堆聚集在机场跑道上。

affirmv.肯定(af+firm坚定→非常坚定→肯定)

afflictionn.折磨(af+flict打+ion→一再打→折磨)

aggrandizev.扩大(ag+grand大+ize使…→一再大→扩大)

aggravatev.恶化(ag+grav重+ate→病加重→恶化)

aggressionn.侵略,进攻(ag+gress行走+ion→往前走→进攻)

appointn.鼓掌(ap+point指→指定)

appreciatev.欣赏(ap+preci价值+ate→一再指出价值→欣赏)

assimilatev.吸收;同化(as+simil一样+ate→成为相同→同化)

TheUSAhasassimilatedpeoplefrommanydifferentcountries.

美国已经同化了许多来自不同国家的人。

assistv.帮助(as+sist站→站在一起→帮助)

attestv.证实(at+test试验→一再试验→证实)

attractv.吸引(at+tract拉→不断拉眼球→吸引

5.avert:

vt.a.todosth.topreventsthbadfromhappening,esp.sththatwillhappenverysoonifyoudonotdoanything▲:

防止,避免

Hisquickthinkingavertedthedisaster.

Talkswillbeheldtodayinafinalattempttoavertstrikeaction.

b.toturnawayoraside(theface,theeyesormind):

[avertsth.from+n.]

Sheavertedhereyesfromthedeadanimal.

relatedform:

avertable/avertable:

adj.可避开的;可防止的;可转移的

synonyms:

prevent,preclude[使行不通;阻止;妨碍;排除],wardoff[避开].

antonyms:

face,see,meet,want

[词根记忆]a+vert转→转开→避免,转移

Accidentscanbeavertedbycarefuldriving.谨慎驾驶可避免发生事故。

[词根]vert=toturn表示“转”

convertv.转化,改变信仰(con加强+vert→转化→引申为改变信仰)

ThepriestconvertedmanynativesintoChristianity.

这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。

conversionn.转化

divertv.使转向(di分开+vert→转开→转向)

incontrovertiblea.不容争论的

inconvertiblea.不能转化的

pervertv.颠倒,曲解(per自始至终+vert→至始至终地转→颠倒)

revertv.恢复原状(re回+vert→转回来→恢复)

6.candid:

adj.[Lat.candidus-white,clear,pure,sincere]

a.honestanddirect▲:

Sheiscandidaboutheropinion.她不隐瞒自己的观点

Pleasebecandidwithme.请直言

b.fair,impartial:

Heiscandidinthecase.

c.informalornotposed:

(照片等)姿态自然随便的,乘人不备时抢拍的

candidcamera(偷拍用的)快拍照相机

relatedforms:

candidly:

adv.率直地,正直地,公正地

candidor/candour/:

n率直,正直,公正

Heexpresseshisviewswithgreatcandor.

candidness:

n.率直;不客气

synonyms:

fair,frank,free,genuine,impartial,just,objective,open,outspoken,plain,sincere,straightforward,talkingturkey[坦白说,直率的说],unbiased,unprejudiced,upright

antonyms:

artful,deceitful,devious,lying,tricky

7.compel:

vt.[~s,;pelled;pelling]

a.toforce▲:

[compelsb.todo]

Theraincompelledustostopourgame.

b.urgesb.byforce(向某人)强求…

[compelsb.from+n.]

Youcan’tcompelobediencefromme.你无法逼迫我去服从你

relatedforms:

compulsion:

n.强迫,强制

compulsive:

adj.强制的,强迫的

compulsory:

adj.强迫的,强制性的,义务的

compeller:

n.

compellable:

adj.可强迫的

compelling:

adj.强制性的,(依据、理由等)使人不能不相信的,使人不得不

服从的,引起兴趣的,令人注目的

compellingly:

adv.强制地,强迫地,激起强烈兴趣地

[词根记忆]com加强+pel推,驱使→一再驱使→强迫,迫使

Theoldscientistwascompelledbyillnesstosuspendhisresearch.

这位年迈的科学家因病不得不暂时中断研究工作。

[词根]pel,puls=todrive,topush表示“驱动,推”

dispelv.驱散(烟雾等)(dis分散+pel→推开→驱散)

expelv.开除(ex出+pel→推出去→开除)

Thegovernmentistryingtoexpelallforeignjournalists.

政府正试图驱逐所有的外国记者。

expulsionn.驱逐

impelv.驱动(im内+pel→内在推动→驱动)

Childrenfeelimpelledtofitinatschool.

孩子们强烈感到需要融入学校的生活。

impulsen.冲动

impulsivea.冲动的

propelv.推进(pro向前+pel→向前推→推进)

Thepelican’sstronglegsandwebbedfeetpropelitinwater.

鹈鹕强有力的腿和足蹼推动着它在水里前进。

propulsionn.推进力

propellern.推进器

repelv.击退(敌人)(re反+pel→退回去→击退)

Thesoldiersrepelledtheenemyinthreehours.

战士们在三个小时内就击退了敌人。

repulsivea.排斥的,击退的

repulsen.击退

compulsionn.强制(com加强+puls+ion→强行推动→强制)

compulsorya.强制的

pulsen.脉搏

8.comply:

vi.[-plies;plied;~ing]

toactinagreementwitharequestoracommand▲:

服从,遵从

HecompliedwiththelawintheU.S.

Wearecomplyingwiththenewstandards.我们正在执行新的标准

[词根记忆]com+ply重→观点重合→服从

Everyonemustcomplywiththerulesofthegame.

每个人都必须遵守游戏规则。

[词根]ply=tofold表示“重叠”

imply

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