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Chapter1TakingExams
Unit1Chapter1TakingExams
TeachingObjectives
Studentswillbeableto
1.developthestudents’abilitytoacquirenewwordsindifferentcontexts;
2.reinforcethememoryofthetenwordsthroughthefeedbackexercises:
matchingtestandthreechecks;
3.gainnewinsightsintovariousassociationsandwordformations,esp.theabilitytousetherootsandderivatives.
TimeAllotment
Section1
Warming-upactivities:
Pretestofthewholebook
15minutes
Section2
ExplanationandPracticearoundwordsinChapter1
35minutes
FurtherDevelopmentforROOT/PREFIX/SUFFIXinformation
KeyWords
Chapter1
acknowledge
alternative
anecdote
appropriate
avert
candid
compel
comply
concise
drastic
AdditionalWords1
alternate
accumulate
assimilate
convert
expel
impel
propel
repel
imply
precise
TeachingProcedures
1.Warm-upActivity(15minutes)
Pretestofthewholebook
2.ExplanationandPracticearoundwordsinChapterInteractivelyinContext(30minutes)
Aim:
applyingthetheoryoflexicologytosenserelationsinclass;givethestudents
veryclearcluesofcertainwordsandtheirmeanings;teachthestudentshowto
learnEnglishvocabularyandtrainthemskillsofrootsandderivationswhichare
helpfultomemorizethenewwords.
TeachingSteps:
(1)performtheactivitiesinteractivelybasedonguessingthemeaningofthe10
wordsincontext,trytomakeclasslively;
(2)applythetheoryoflexicologytosenserelationsinthetenwords,Tmayexplain
andenlargesomethingimportant.
Analysisofskillsofusing:
contextwithantonyms
contextwithsynonyms
commonsense(generalknowledge)
culturalinformation
createwordpoweronwordsinthechapter
collocation
relatedforms
supplementtowordformation
phrasesandexpressionsfromexamplesentence
synonymdiscrimination:
1.acknowledge:
vt.
a.toadmitthatsomethingyousaidorbelievedwasinfactwrong:
▲
Heacknowledgedhismistake.
b.togivethanksfor:
Heacknowledgedhishelpinhisspeech.
c.togreetsomeone:
Heacknowledgedherbyliftinghishat.
collocation:
[acknowledge+n.]
[acknowledge+doing/that]
[acknowledge+n.+as(tobe)+n./adj.]
inacknowledgementof[prep.]承认…,感谢…,以…表示谢意
createwordpoweronvote:
voteonsth就…投票表决
votefor/againststh投票赞成/反对
votetodo/that…投票去做…,投票决定…
与“选举”有关的词汇:
选举election
选举日ElectionDay
投票castaballot
计票countofvotes
投票日pollingday
投票箱ballotbox
选举程序electoralprocedures
选举规则electionregulation
选民voter/elector
初选primaryelection
普选generalelection
当选beelected
合格选民eligiblevoter
候补者alternatecandidate
候选人candidate
候选人名单slate
不记名投票secretvote/anonymousballot
差额选举competitiveelection
差额投票differentialvoting
等额选举single-candidateelection
弃权不投票abstentionfromvoting
废票invalidvote/voidedballot
改选re-election
记名投票disclosedballot
抗议票protestvote
监票员ballotexaminer
拉票solicitingvotes
落选loseanelection/bevotedout
民意测验publicopinionpoll
提名nominate
提名者nominator
synonyms:
admit,confess
antonyms:
deny,gainsay[否认],contradict
2.alternative:
n.a.achoicebetweentwo(orlooselymore)thingsorpossibilities
替换物,选择对象
Dowehaveanyalternativeinthiscase?
b.either(orlooselyany)ofthese:
两者挑一的
Idon’tlikefish.Isthereanalternativeonthemenu?
[alternative+of+n./doing]
Wetookthealternativeofwaling.我们选择步行。
[alternativeto+n.]
Ihadnomoney,soIhadnoalternativetostayingathome.
adj.[Lat.alter,meaning“other”or”thesecondoftwo”]
affordingachoicebetweentwothings:
Analternativearrangementcanbemadeifmyplansdon’tsuit
you.
relatedforms:
alternation:
n.交互,交替,间隔
ThereisanalternationofredandwhitestripesintheflagoftheUnitedStates.
alternatively:
adv.或者,要不就...
Gobybusoralternativelybybike.
synonyms:
choice,option,preference,substitute
[词根]alter,altern,ali=other,tochange,表示“其他的,改变状态”
alter变更,改变(alter其他的→变成〔其它的〕)
alterable可改变的(alter+able能…的)
alteration改造,改变(alter+ation表名词)
alternation交互,交错(alternate+ion)
alternative二者择一(的)(来自alternate交替,交替选择的方法)
alternatev.交替a.轮流的(altern+ate→更换着做事→交替)
Ialternatedbetweenrunningandridinginmysparetime.
闲暇时,我时而跑步,时而骑马。
[alternatewith+n]Sunnyweatheralternatedwithrain.
alternatorn.交流发电机
3.anecdote:
n.ashort,interestingoramusingstory,esp.atrueone▲:
Heprecededhislecturewithahumorousanecdote.
collocation:
tellananecdoteabout+n.讲关于…的逸事
relatedforms:
anecdotal:
adj.likeorfullofanecdotes:
多逸事趣闻的;含逸事趣闻的
Hehasarelaxed,anecdotalprose-style.
phrasesandexpressionsfromexamplesentence:
takerevengeonsb.forsth.对…报仇
straightoff[away]立刻,马上
synonyms:
story(ofprivatelife),biographicalincident.
4.appropriate:
adj.(more~,most~)suitable▲:
[beappropriatefor/to+n.]
Herclotheswereappropriatetotheoccasion
[联想记忆]ap+propr(看作proper适当的)+iate→适当的
Leisureclothesarenotappropriatetoaformalwedding.
在正式的婚礼上穿休闲服饰不合适的。
[派]appropriateness(n.适当);inappropriate(a.不适当的)
relatedforms:
appropriately:
adv.suitably.
appropriateness:
n.
appropriation:
n.充当,分配,拨款;(经议会承认的)政府支出金
createwordpoweronshoe:
uppersofashoe鞋帮儿
shoemaker=cobbler鞋匠
shoelace鞋带
heel鞋跟
sole鞋底
shoehorn鞋拔子
loafer平底鞋
moccasin鹿皮鞋,软拖鞋
tennisshoes网球鞋
platformshoe厚底鞋
slipper拖鞋
sandals凉鞋
sneaker轻便运动鞋
heeled高跟鞋
wedge坡跟鞋
culturalinformationon教堂:
synagogue犹太会堂;犹太教堂
mosque清真寺(伊斯兰教)
monastery寺院,(男)修道院
Buddhistnunnery庵
convent,nunnery(女)修道院
church教堂(基督教)
cathedral大教堂(天主教)
synonyms:
apt,befitting,correct,felicitous,fit,fitting,meet,proper,suitable,
suited.
antonyms:
inappropriate,unsuitable,inapposite,outofplace,inbad
taste,outofkeepingunfit,inadequate
[前缀]ab-,ac-af-,ag-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示加强
abbreviatev.缩写(ab+brev短+iate使…→一再使短)
acceleratev.加速(ac+celer速度+ate→加强速度→加速)
accompanyv.陪伴(ac+company伙伴→陪伴)
accumulatev.积累(ac+cumul堆积+ate→不断堆积→积累)
Hugesnowdriftshadaccumulatedontheairport’srunways.
巨大的雪堆聚集在机场跑道上。
affirmv.肯定(af+firm坚定→非常坚定→肯定)
afflictionn.折磨(af+flict打+ion→一再打→折磨)
aggrandizev.扩大(ag+grand大+ize使…→一再大→扩大)
aggravatev.恶化(ag+grav重+ate→病加重→恶化)
aggressionn.侵略,进攻(ag+gress行走+ion→往前走→进攻)
appointn.鼓掌(ap+point指→指定)
appreciatev.欣赏(ap+preci价值+ate→一再指出价值→欣赏)
assimilatev.吸收;同化(as+simil一样+ate→成为相同→同化)
TheUSAhasassimilatedpeoplefrommanydifferentcountries.
美国已经同化了许多来自不同国家的人。
assistv.帮助(as+sist站→站在一起→帮助)
attestv.证实(at+test试验→一再试验→证实)
attractv.吸引(at+tract拉→不断拉眼球→吸引
5.avert:
vt.a.todosth.topreventsthbadfromhappening,esp.sththatwillhappenverysoonifyoudonotdoanything▲:
防止,避免
Hisquickthinkingavertedthedisaster.
Talkswillbeheldtodayinafinalattempttoavertstrikeaction.
b.toturnawayoraside(theface,theeyesormind):
[avertsth.from+n.]
Sheavertedhereyesfromthedeadanimal.
relatedform:
avertable/avertable:
adj.可避开的;可防止的;可转移的
synonyms:
prevent,preclude[使行不通;阻止;妨碍;排除],wardoff[避开].
antonyms:
face,see,meet,want
[词根记忆]a+vert转→转开→避免,转移
Accidentscanbeavertedbycarefuldriving.谨慎驾驶可避免发生事故。
[词根]vert=toturn表示“转”
convertv.转化,改变信仰(con加强+vert→转化→引申为改变信仰)
ThepriestconvertedmanynativesintoChristianity.
这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。
conversionn.转化
divertv.使转向(di分开+vert→转开→转向)
incontrovertiblea.不容争论的
inconvertiblea.不能转化的
pervertv.颠倒,曲解(per自始至终+vert→至始至终地转→颠倒)
revertv.恢复原状(re回+vert→转回来→恢复)
6.candid:
adj.[Lat.candidus-white,clear,pure,sincere]
a.honestanddirect▲:
Sheiscandidaboutheropinion.她不隐瞒自己的观点
Pleasebecandidwithme.请直言
b.fair,impartial:
Heiscandidinthecase.
c.informalornotposed:
(照片等)姿态自然随便的,乘人不备时抢拍的
candidcamera(偷拍用的)快拍照相机
relatedforms:
candidly:
adv.率直地,正直地,公正地
candidor/candour/:
n率直,正直,公正
Heexpresseshisviewswithgreatcandor.
candidness:
n.率直;不客气
synonyms:
fair,frank,free,genuine,impartial,just,objective,open,outspoken,plain,sincere,straightforward,talkingturkey[坦白说,直率的说],unbiased,unprejudiced,upright
antonyms:
artful,deceitful,devious,lying,tricky
7.compel:
vt.[~s,;pelled;pelling]
a.toforce▲:
[compelsb.todo]
Theraincompelledustostopourgame.
b.urgesb.byforce(向某人)强求…
[compelsb.from+n.]
Youcan’tcompelobediencefromme.你无法逼迫我去服从你
relatedforms:
compulsion:
n.强迫,强制
compulsive:
adj.强制的,强迫的
compulsory:
adj.强迫的,强制性的,义务的
compeller:
n.
compellable:
adj.可强迫的
compelling:
adj.强制性的,(依据、理由等)使人不能不相信的,使人不得不
服从的,引起兴趣的,令人注目的
compellingly:
adv.强制地,强迫地,激起强烈兴趣地
[词根记忆]com加强+pel推,驱使→一再驱使→强迫,迫使
Theoldscientistwascompelledbyillnesstosuspendhisresearch.
这位年迈的科学家因病不得不暂时中断研究工作。
[词根]pel,puls=todrive,topush表示“驱动,推”
dispelv.驱散(烟雾等)(dis分散+pel→推开→驱散)
expelv.开除(ex出+pel→推出去→开除)
Thegovernmentistryingtoexpelallforeignjournalists.
政府正试图驱逐所有的外国记者。
expulsionn.驱逐
impelv.驱动(im内+pel→内在推动→驱动)
Childrenfeelimpelledtofitinatschool.
孩子们强烈感到需要融入学校的生活。
impulsen.冲动
impulsivea.冲动的
propelv.推进(pro向前+pel→向前推→推进)
Thepelican’sstronglegsandwebbedfeetpropelitinwater.
鹈鹕强有力的腿和足蹼推动着它在水里前进。
propulsionn.推进力
propellern.推进器
repelv.击退(敌人)(re反+pel→退回去→击退)
Thesoldiersrepelledtheenemyinthreehours.
战士们在三个小时内就击退了敌人。
repulsivea.排斥的,击退的
repulsen.击退
compulsionn.强制(com加强+puls+ion→强行推动→强制)
compulsorya.强制的
pulsen.脉搏
8.comply:
vi.[-plies;plied;~ing]
toactinagreementwitharequestoracommand▲:
服从,遵从
HecompliedwiththelawintheU.S.
Wearecomplyingwiththenewstandards.我们正在执行新的标准
[词根记忆]com+ply重→观点重合→服从
Everyonemustcomplywiththerulesofthegame.
每个人都必须遵守游戏规则。
[词根]ply=tofold表示“重叠”
imply