自考英语二讲义完整版四.docx

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自考英语二讲义完整版四.docx

自考英语二讲义完整版四

自考英语

(二)讲义完整版四

  TextB重点词汇:

  1.appoint:

任命,委任

  appointment

  He‘sjustbeenappointedasdirectorofthepublishingdivision.他刚被任命为出版社的主任。

  2.accessible:

adj.易接近的,能进去的,

  Theproblemwithsomeofthesedrugsisthattheyaresoveryaccessible.毒品的问题在于毒品太易得到了。

  Shehasmadesomeattempttomakeoperaaccessibletoawiderpublic.她曾尝试着让歌剧走进更广大的大众。

  派生词:

accessn.通路,入口,接近(或进入)的机会

  3.toamountto:

达到,总计;相当于

  Thecostamountsto$3,000.费用总计3000美元。

  Herwordsamounttoarefusal.她的话无异于拒绝。

  4.toblamesb.for:

为…责备某人

  PublicopinionblamesMrs.Smithforleadingthegirlastray.

  舆论责怪史密斯夫人把那位姑娘引入歧途。

  Youcan‘treallyblameHelenfornotwantingtogetinvolved.

  海伦不想被卷入其中,你确实不能为此责备她。

  5.bynature:

生来,天生,

  Heisanoptimistbynature.他生来一个乐天派。

  Hewas,bynature,amanoffewwords.他是天生沉默寡言的人。

  afew+可数名词

  alittle+不可数名词

  TextB重点句子:

  AdvantageUnfair

  AccordingtothewriteWalterEllis,authorofabookcalledtheOxbridgeConspiracy,Britainisstilldominatedbytheold-boynetwork:

itisn‘twhatyouknowthatmatters,butwhoyouknow.HeclaimsthatatOxfordandCambridgeUniversities(Oxbridgeforshort)afewselectpeoplestartonanescalatorridewhich,overtheyears,carriesthemtothetopsofBritishprivilegeandpower.Hisresearchrevealedthatthetopprofessionsallcontinuetobedominated,ifnot90percent,then60or65percent,byOxbridgegraduates.

  Andyet,saysEllis,OxbridgegraduatesmakeuponlytwopercentofthetotalnumberofstudentswhograduatefromBritain‘suniversities.OtherresearchesalsoseemtosupporthisbeliefthatOxbridgegraduatesstartwithanunfairadvantageintheemploymentmarket.Inthelaw,arecentlypublishedreportshowedthatoutof26seniorjudgesappointedtotheHighCourtlastyear,allofthemwenttoprivateschoolsand21ofthemwenttoOxbridge.

  Butcanthisbesaidtoamounttoaconspiracy?

NotaccordingtoDr.JohnRae,aformerheadmasterofoneofBritain‘sleadingprivateschool,Westminster:

  “IwouldacceptthattherewasabiasinsomekeyareasofBritishlife,butthatbiashasnowgone.Sometimeago-inthe60sandbefore-entrytoOxfordandCambridgewasnotentirelyonmerit.Now,there‘sabsolutelynoquestioninanyobjectiveobserver’smindthatentrytoOxfordandCambridgeisfiercelycompetitive.”

  Howevermanywoulddisagreewiththis.For,althoughoverthree-quartersofBritishpupilsareeducatedinstateschools,overhalfthestudentsthatgotoOxbridgehavebeentoprivate,overhalfthestudentsthatgotoOxbridgehavebeentoprivate,or“public”school.IsthisbecausepupilsfromBritain‘sprivateschoolsaremoreintelligentthanthosefromstateschools,oraretheysimplybetterprepared?

  Onaverage,about£5,000ayearisspentoneachprivateschoolpupil,morethantwicetheamountspentonstateschoolpupils.Sohowcanthestateschoolsbeexpectedtocompetewiththeprivateschoolswhentheyhavefarfewerresources?

AndhowcantheypreparetheirpupilsforthespecialentranceexamtoOxfordUniversity,whichrequiresextrapreparation,andforwhichmanypublicschoolpupilstraditionallystayatschoolanddoanadditionalterm?

  Untilrecently,manyblamedOxfordforthisbiasbecauseoftheuniversity‘sspecialentranceexam(Cambridgeabolisheditsentranceexamin1986)ButlastFebruary,OxfordUniversitydecidedtoabolishtheexamtoencouragemorestateschoolapplicants.Fromautumn1996,OxfordUniversityapplicants,likeapplicantstootheruniversities,willbejudgedonlyontheirAlevelresultsandontheirperformanceatinterviews,althoughsomedepartmentsmightstillsetspecialtests.

  However,somearguethatthere‘snothingwronginhavingelitelacesoflearning,andbytheirverynature,theseplacesshouldnotbeeasilyaccessible.Mostcountriesarerunbyaneliteandhavecentersofacademicexcellencefromwhichtheelitearerecruited.WalterEllisacceptsthatthisistrue:

  “ButinFrance,forexample,therearesomethinglike40equivalentsofuniversity,whichprovidethiselitethroughamuchbroaderbase,InAmericayou‘vegottheIvyLeague,centredonHarvardandYale.withPrincetonadStanfordandothers.Butagain,thoseuniversitiestogether-theeliteuniversities-areabouttenorfifteeninnumber,andarebeingpushedalingfrombehindbyothergreatuniversitieslike,forexample,ChicagoandBerkeley,Soyoudon’thavejustthisnarrowconcentrationoftwouniversitiesprovidingaconstantlyreplicatingelite.”

  WhenitcomestoOxfordandCambridgebeingelitistbecarseorfhenumberofprivateschoolpupilstheyaccept,ProfessorStoneofOxfordUniversityarguesthatthereisasimplefactheandhisassociatescannotignore:

  “Ifcertainschoolssobetterthanothersthenwejusthavetoacceptit.Wecannotbeaplaceforremedialeducation.It‘snotwhatOcfordistheretodo.”

  However,sinceacademicexcellencedoesappeartoberelatedtotheamountofmoneyspentperpupil,thisdoesseemtoimplythatPrimeMinisterJohnMajor‘svisionofBritainasaclasslesssocietyisstillalongwayoff.AnditmaybeworthrememberingthatwhileJohnMajordidn’thimselfgotoOxbridgemostofhisministersdid.

  1.Britainisstilldominatedbytheold-boynetwork;itisn‘twhatyouknowthatmatters,butwhoyouknow.

  强调句,不是你懂得知识重要,而是你认识谁重要

  2.HeclaimsthatatOxfordandCambridgeUniversities(Oxbridgeforshort)afewselectpeoplestartonanescalatorridewhich,overtheyears,carriesthemtothetopsofBritishprivilegeandpower.比喻少数精选出来的人,进了牛津或剑桥,就像坐上了电梯一样,很快就会爬上英国权力的顶峰。

  3.Onaverage,about£5,000ayearisspentoneachprivateschoolpupil,morethantwicetheamountspentonstateschoolpupils.

  Onaverage=Ontheaverage平均每个在私立学校读书的学生平均每年要花费约5000英镑,是每个国立学校学生花费的两倍多。

  4.AndhowcantheypreparetheirpupilsforthespecialentranceexamtoOxfordUniversity,whichrequiresextrapreparation,andforwhichmanypublicschoolpupilstraditionallystayatschoolanddoanadditionalterm?

  which和forwhich都是引导定语从句修饰exam

  5.WhenitcomestoOxfordandCambridgebeingelitistbecauseofthenumberofprivateschoolpupilstheyaccept,professorStoneofOxfordUniversityarguesthatthereisasimplefactheandhisassociatescannotignore:

  Whenitcomesto…“当谈及,涉及…时”

  例如:

Whenitcomestoourchildrentakingtheexam,Ialmostknownothing.

  当谈到孩子们的考试,我一无所知。

  6.AnditmaybeworthrememberingthatwhileJohnMajordidn‘thimselfgotoOxbridge,mostofhisministersdid.

  beworth+动名词用主动式表示被动含义

  例如:

Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读

  Thefilmisworthseeing.此电影值得一看。

  Unit3练习

  1.词汇英译汉

  。

weaken.deteriorate.debate.legal.request.criterion.ensure.opposetraditionconsiderationdisabled.burdenvulnerableprohibitionsensitive

  词组:

todebateon.tomakerequestforbeopposedto.totake…intoaccount

  2.句子英译汉(重点句)

  Affectedwithaseriousdisease,vanWendalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.

  VanWendel‘slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.

  Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.

  Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven‘ttheright.

  Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesuffering,thatthereisnochanceofacure,andthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.

  Ithinkthatanythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable.

  3.句子汉译英P.59

  安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。

  Euthanasiacanreallyhelpridthedyingpatientsofextremesuffering.

  Euthanasiadoesreleasethedyingpeoplefromtheirsuffering.

  你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家?

  DoyouknowthattheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropethatpermitseuthanasia?

  支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。

  Thosedoctorswhosupporttheideanevermeantheydon‘tcareabout/forpatients.

  在第一个医生诊断疾病之后,必须由另外一名医生确认病情。

  Afterthefirstdoctorhasdiagnosedtheillness,aseconddoctormustconfirmthecase.

  反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命,可能请求之后另有他求。

  Opponentsthinkpatientsmaynotreallywanttoendtheirlives,andprobablythereisanotherrequestbehindtherequest.

  历年考题:

  1.Thefilm______(show)CeesVanWendel‘sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive.(99.10)

  答案:

showing.考点:

showing是现在分词作定语修饰thefilm.

  2.EachtimetheprogrammerofVanWendal‘slastdaysbeforeeuthanasiawasshowedonTV,itstartsanationwidedebate______thesubject.(99.10)

  A.for

  B.against

  C.on

  D.of

  答案:

C.考点:

词组debateon对…的争论。

  3.汉译英:

每次播放这个节目,都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论。

(99.10)

  答案:

Eachtimeitisshown,thisprogramstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.

  4.汉译英:

据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。

(00.10)

  答案:

Thepatientissaidtohaveaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.

  (或者:

Itissaidthatthepatienthasaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.)

  语法:

一致关系

  一致关系是指句子成分之间须在人称、数、性等方面保持一致。

在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语和谓语动词之间数的一致,即主谓一致。

其次,人称代词和它们所指的对象之间也要保此一致。

  一、主谓一致

  在现代英语中主谓一致基本遵循如下原则:

  语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。

  二、代词一致

  代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面保持一致,或代词和它所指代的名词词组在某些方面保此一致。

  讲义四

  TextA SlaveryOnOurDoorstep

  I.课文内容简介

  这篇文章介绍了在英国工作的大约两万多名海外家仆,这些家仆中有1/10正遭受雇主的各种各样的虐待和奴役。

尽管英国政府采取了新的措施,这些佣人的生活和工作条件并没有发生太大的变化。

  这种状况得到了媒体的普遍关注。

  解决问题的关键办法也许在于允许家佣们自由地选择顾主。

  段落大意:

  Paras.1-2InBritain,about10%ofthedomesticservantsarebeingexploitedandabusedinvariousforms.

  Paras.3-8Thesadconditionofdomesticsreceivedmediaattention.

  Para.9Thekeytotheproblemliesin

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