自考英语二讲义完整版四.docx
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自考英语二讲义完整版四
自考英语
(二)讲义完整版四
TextB重点词汇:
1.appoint:
任命,委任
appointment
He‘sjustbeenappointedasdirectorofthepublishingdivision.他刚被任命为出版社的主任。
2.accessible:
adj.易接近的,能进去的,
Theproblemwithsomeofthesedrugsisthattheyaresoveryaccessible.毒品的问题在于毒品太易得到了。
Shehasmadesomeattempttomakeoperaaccessibletoawiderpublic.她曾尝试着让歌剧走进更广大的大众。
派生词:
accessn.通路,入口,接近(或进入)的机会
3.toamountto:
达到,总计;相当于
Thecostamountsto$3,000.费用总计3000美元。
Herwordsamounttoarefusal.她的话无异于拒绝。
4.toblamesb.for:
为…责备某人
PublicopinionblamesMrs.Smithforleadingthegirlastray.
舆论责怪史密斯夫人把那位姑娘引入歧途。
Youcan‘treallyblameHelenfornotwantingtogetinvolved.
海伦不想被卷入其中,你确实不能为此责备她。
5.bynature:
生来,天生,
Heisanoptimistbynature.他生来一个乐天派。
Hewas,bynature,amanoffewwords.他是天生沉默寡言的人。
afew+可数名词
alittle+不可数名词
TextB重点句子:
AdvantageUnfair
AccordingtothewriteWalterEllis,authorofabookcalledtheOxbridgeConspiracy,Britainisstilldominatedbytheold-boynetwork:
itisn‘twhatyouknowthatmatters,butwhoyouknow.HeclaimsthatatOxfordandCambridgeUniversities(Oxbridgeforshort)afewselectpeoplestartonanescalatorridewhich,overtheyears,carriesthemtothetopsofBritishprivilegeandpower.Hisresearchrevealedthatthetopprofessionsallcontinuetobedominated,ifnot90percent,then60or65percent,byOxbridgegraduates.
Andyet,saysEllis,OxbridgegraduatesmakeuponlytwopercentofthetotalnumberofstudentswhograduatefromBritain‘suniversities.OtherresearchesalsoseemtosupporthisbeliefthatOxbridgegraduatesstartwithanunfairadvantageintheemploymentmarket.Inthelaw,arecentlypublishedreportshowedthatoutof26seniorjudgesappointedtotheHighCourtlastyear,allofthemwenttoprivateschoolsand21ofthemwenttoOxbridge.
Butcanthisbesaidtoamounttoaconspiracy?
NotaccordingtoDr.JohnRae,aformerheadmasterofoneofBritain‘sleadingprivateschool,Westminster:
“IwouldacceptthattherewasabiasinsomekeyareasofBritishlife,butthatbiashasnowgone.Sometimeago-inthe60sandbefore-entrytoOxfordandCambridgewasnotentirelyonmerit.Now,there‘sabsolutelynoquestioninanyobjectiveobserver’smindthatentrytoOxfordandCambridgeisfiercelycompetitive.”
Howevermanywoulddisagreewiththis.For,althoughoverthree-quartersofBritishpupilsareeducatedinstateschools,overhalfthestudentsthatgotoOxbridgehavebeentoprivate,overhalfthestudentsthatgotoOxbridgehavebeentoprivate,or“public”school.IsthisbecausepupilsfromBritain‘sprivateschoolsaremoreintelligentthanthosefromstateschools,oraretheysimplybetterprepared?
Onaverage,about£5,000ayearisspentoneachprivateschoolpupil,morethantwicetheamountspentonstateschoolpupils.Sohowcanthestateschoolsbeexpectedtocompetewiththeprivateschoolswhentheyhavefarfewerresources?
AndhowcantheypreparetheirpupilsforthespecialentranceexamtoOxfordUniversity,whichrequiresextrapreparation,andforwhichmanypublicschoolpupilstraditionallystayatschoolanddoanadditionalterm?
Untilrecently,manyblamedOxfordforthisbiasbecauseoftheuniversity‘sspecialentranceexam(Cambridgeabolisheditsentranceexamin1986)ButlastFebruary,OxfordUniversitydecidedtoabolishtheexamtoencouragemorestateschoolapplicants.Fromautumn1996,OxfordUniversityapplicants,likeapplicantstootheruniversities,willbejudgedonlyontheirAlevelresultsandontheirperformanceatinterviews,althoughsomedepartmentsmightstillsetspecialtests.
However,somearguethatthere‘snothingwronginhavingelitelacesoflearning,andbytheirverynature,theseplacesshouldnotbeeasilyaccessible.Mostcountriesarerunbyaneliteandhavecentersofacademicexcellencefromwhichtheelitearerecruited.WalterEllisacceptsthatthisistrue:
“ButinFrance,forexample,therearesomethinglike40equivalentsofuniversity,whichprovidethiselitethroughamuchbroaderbase,InAmericayou‘vegottheIvyLeague,centredonHarvardandYale.withPrincetonadStanfordandothers.Butagain,thoseuniversitiestogether-theeliteuniversities-areabouttenorfifteeninnumber,andarebeingpushedalingfrombehindbyothergreatuniversitieslike,forexample,ChicagoandBerkeley,Soyoudon’thavejustthisnarrowconcentrationoftwouniversitiesprovidingaconstantlyreplicatingelite.”
WhenitcomestoOxfordandCambridgebeingelitistbecarseorfhenumberofprivateschoolpupilstheyaccept,ProfessorStoneofOxfordUniversityarguesthatthereisasimplefactheandhisassociatescannotignore:
“Ifcertainschoolssobetterthanothersthenwejusthavetoacceptit.Wecannotbeaplaceforremedialeducation.It‘snotwhatOcfordistheretodo.”
However,sinceacademicexcellencedoesappeartoberelatedtotheamountofmoneyspentperpupil,thisdoesseemtoimplythatPrimeMinisterJohnMajor‘svisionofBritainasaclasslesssocietyisstillalongwayoff.AnditmaybeworthrememberingthatwhileJohnMajordidn’thimselfgotoOxbridgemostofhisministersdid.
1.Britainisstilldominatedbytheold-boynetwork;itisn‘twhatyouknowthatmatters,butwhoyouknow.
强调句,不是你懂得知识重要,而是你认识谁重要
2.HeclaimsthatatOxfordandCambridgeUniversities(Oxbridgeforshort)afewselectpeoplestartonanescalatorridewhich,overtheyears,carriesthemtothetopsofBritishprivilegeandpower.比喻少数精选出来的人,进了牛津或剑桥,就像坐上了电梯一样,很快就会爬上英国权力的顶峰。
3.Onaverage,about£5,000ayearisspentoneachprivateschoolpupil,morethantwicetheamountspentonstateschoolpupils.
Onaverage=Ontheaverage平均每个在私立学校读书的学生平均每年要花费约5000英镑,是每个国立学校学生花费的两倍多。
4.AndhowcantheypreparetheirpupilsforthespecialentranceexamtoOxfordUniversity,whichrequiresextrapreparation,andforwhichmanypublicschoolpupilstraditionallystayatschoolanddoanadditionalterm?
which和forwhich都是引导定语从句修饰exam
5.WhenitcomestoOxfordandCambridgebeingelitistbecauseofthenumberofprivateschoolpupilstheyaccept,professorStoneofOxfordUniversityarguesthatthereisasimplefactheandhisassociatescannotignore:
Whenitcomesto…“当谈及,涉及…时”
例如:
Whenitcomestoourchildrentakingtheexam,Ialmostknownothing.
当谈到孩子们的考试,我一无所知。
6.AnditmaybeworthrememberingthatwhileJohnMajordidn‘thimselfgotoOxbridge,mostofhisministersdid.
beworth+动名词用主动式表示被动含义
例如:
Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读
Thefilmisworthseeing.此电影值得一看。
Unit3练习
1.词汇英译汉
。
weaken.deteriorate.debate.legal.request.criterion.ensure.opposetraditionconsiderationdisabled.burdenvulnerableprohibitionsensitive
词组:
。
todebateon.tomakerequestforbeopposedto.totake…intoaccount
2.句子英译汉(重点句)
Affectedwithaseriousdisease,vanWendalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.
VanWendel‘slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.
Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.
Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven‘ttheright.
Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesuffering,thatthereisnochanceofacure,andthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.
Ithinkthatanythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable.
3.句子汉译英P.59
安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。
Euthanasiacanreallyhelpridthedyingpatientsofextremesuffering.
Euthanasiadoesreleasethedyingpeoplefromtheirsuffering.
你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家?
DoyouknowthattheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropethatpermitseuthanasia?
支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。
Thosedoctorswhosupporttheideanevermeantheydon‘tcareabout/forpatients.
在第一个医生诊断疾病之后,必须由另外一名医生确认病情。
Afterthefirstdoctorhasdiagnosedtheillness,aseconddoctormustconfirmthecase.
反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命,可能请求之后另有他求。
Opponentsthinkpatientsmaynotreallywanttoendtheirlives,andprobablythereisanotherrequestbehindtherequest.
历年考题:
1.Thefilm______(show)CeesVanWendel‘sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive.(99.10)
答案:
showing.考点:
showing是现在分词作定语修饰thefilm.
2.EachtimetheprogrammerofVanWendal‘slastdaysbeforeeuthanasiawasshowedonTV,itstartsanationwidedebate______thesubject.(99.10)
A.for
B.against
C.on
D.of
答案:
C.考点:
词组debateon对…的争论。
3.汉译英:
每次播放这个节目,都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论。
(99.10)
答案:
Eachtimeitisshown,thisprogramstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.
4.汉译英:
据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。
(00.10)
答案:
Thepatientissaidtohaveaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.
(或者:
Itissaidthatthepatienthasaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.)
语法:
一致关系
一致关系是指句子成分之间须在人称、数、性等方面保持一致。
在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语和谓语动词之间数的一致,即主谓一致。
其次,人称代词和它们所指的对象之间也要保此一致。
一、主谓一致
在现代英语中主谓一致基本遵循如下原则:
语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
二、代词一致
代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面保持一致,或代词和它所指代的名词词组在某些方面保此一致。
讲义四
TextA SlaveryOnOurDoorstep
I.课文内容简介
这篇文章介绍了在英国工作的大约两万多名海外家仆,这些家仆中有1/10正遭受雇主的各种各样的虐待和奴役。
尽管英国政府采取了新的措施,这些佣人的生活和工作条件并没有发生太大的变化。
这种状况得到了媒体的普遍关注。
解决问题的关键办法也许在于允许家佣们自由地选择顾主。
段落大意:
Paras.1-2InBritain,about10%ofthedomesticservantsarebeingexploitedandabusedinvariousforms.
Paras.3-8Thesadconditionofdomesticsreceivedmediaattention.
Para.9Thekeytotheproblemliesin