卫仲蕾被动语态.docx

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卫仲蕾被动语态.docx

卫仲蕾被动语态

学生姓名卫仲蕾年级九授课时间7.23教师姓名梁晓霞课时2

课题

初三备考——被动语态专题复习

教学目标

1、熟悉中考英语有关被动语态的考点,包括8大时态被动语态结构式;

2、通过做往年真题总结有关被动语态考点的解题技巧。

重点

1、8大时态被动语态结构式的“演算”;

2、使用被动语态的注意事项。

难点

1、结构式演算后的记忆;

2、主动表被动情况。

初三备考——被动语态专题复习

【考点直击】

1、掌握各时态被动语态的构成及其用法;

2、掌握情态动词的被动语态;

3、熟悉常见的不能用被动语态的情况;

4、理解主动形式表被动意义的情况。

【名师点睛】

被动语态

1、概念:

语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

2、语态有两种:

主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态,如:

Theybuiltthebridge.

Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.

3、被动语态的构成:

“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”(人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的),以下为各时态被动语态的结构式:

被动语态的构成

一般现在时:

is/am/are+done

Thissongisoftensungbychildren.

一般过去时:

was/were+done

The29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijingin2008.

一般将来时:

willbe+done

Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.

过去将来时:

wouldbe+done

Theoldscientistsaidhewouldbeinvitedtochairthemeeting.

现在进行时:

is/am/are+beingdone

Anewcinemaisbeingbuilt.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.

过去进行时:

was/were+beingdone

Whenwewenttoseehim,hewasbeingoperatedon.

现在完成时:

has/have+been+done

Moreeffectivemeasureshavebeentakentosolvetheproblem.

过去完成时:

had+been+done

Hecameandtoldusthattheworkhadbeenfinished.

将来完成时:

will+have+been+done

Youwillhavebeenaskedforawalkthistimetomorrow.

【补充】情态动词被动语态结构式:

can/must/may…+be+done

e.g.Theworkmustbefinishedtoday.

 

【针对训练】

一、将下列句子改为被动语态

1.Mysistermadethesoup.

→Thesoup__________________________bymysister.

2.Theworkerscouldnotfindthemanager.

→Themanager____________________________________________bytheworkers.

3.Mybrotherwillrepairmybikeforme.

→Mybike_____________________________bymybrotherforme.

4.Youmustcleanyourwatchonceayear.

→Yourwatch__________________________________onceayear.

5.Theyhavebuiltabridgeovertheriver.

→Abridge_________________________________overtheriver.

6.Heissweepingthefloor.

→Thefloor_________________________________________byhim.

7.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.

→Theclassroom______________________everyday.

8.Wearepaintingthenewhouse.

→Thenewhouse_____________________________________byus.

 

4、基本用法:

1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,如:

Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.

Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.

2)动作的承受者是谈话的中心,如:

TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.

Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.

3)由于礼貌等方面的考虑,不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时,可以不出现动作的执行者,如:

Youareinvitedtoapartytonight.

Brown’sbikegotstolen.

【歌诀】谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到

5、主动变被动的方法与注意事项:

1)通常的办法是:

将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be/get+过去分词”形式,将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。

如:

LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.

→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.

2)将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时,应将宾语变为被动结构的主语,而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。

如:

Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.

→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.

【注意】表示“使、让”的动词make,have等,以及感官动词see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等,在主动语态中,接不定式做宾语补足语时,不定式前的to要省略,而变为被动语态时,成为主语补足语的不定式,则必须带to。

如:

Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.

→Hewasseentogointotheteachers’office.

3)带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,而在间接宾语前加to或for留在动词之后;也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,而直接宾语留在动词之后。

但一般采用后一种用法。

如:

Hegavemethepenlastyear.

→Iwasgiventhepenlastyear./Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.

【补充】一般说来,间接宾语前带to的动词有:

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw等;间接宾语前带for的动词有:

book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,save等。

4)动词believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,think等的被动语态,常有两种结构形式。

如:

Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident.

Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.

5)短语动词变被动语态时,短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。

如:

Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.

Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.

Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.

6)动词不定式的被动语态:

即把todo变成tobedone,如:

Whatasweetvictorytobeinvitedbythosewomen!

 

【针对训练】

一、把下列句子变成被动语态

1.Hismothertoldhimastory.

He_____________________astorybyhismother.

Astory___________________________himbyhismother.

2.Heoftenlendsmeapen.

I_________often_________apenbyhim.

Apen________often___________________mebyhim.

3.Theytakegoodcareofthechildren.

Thechildren___________________goodcare___________.

4.Mymomgavemesomemoney.

→Somemoney_______________________tomebymom.

I_______________________somemoneybymom.

5.Heboughthisdaughteralotofclothes.

→Hisdaughter___________________________alotofclothes.

Alotofclothes______________________________________hisdaughter.

6.Ioftenseeherplaybasketballintheplayground.

→She___________________________________basketballintheplayground.

 

6、不用被动语态的情况:

1)不及物动词(vi.)不用被动语态。

如:

happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,die,end,fail,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.…

eg.Atrafficaccident____________(happen)justnow.

Thepricehasrisen.

2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:

have,marry,own,sufferfrom,happento,belongto等,

Thiskeybelongstome.

Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.

3)连系动词不用被动语态。

如:

be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…

Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.

Hervoicesoundedquitesweet.

 

7、主动表被动的情况:

1)在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义,如:

Thehouseneedscleaning.

=Thehouseneedstobecleaned.

2)beworth后的动名词要用主动表被动,如:

Thismovieisworthseeing.

Theproblemisnotworthdiscussing.

3)某些“be+形容词+todo”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义,如:

Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.

Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.

4)不定式用于某些动词(如have,havegot,get等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义,如:

Ihavesomeclothestowash.

MissGreenhassomeimportantletterstosend.

5)在too…todosth和…enoughtodosth这两个结构中,若句子主语与其后不定式todosth为被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式),如:

Theteaistoohottodrink.

Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouse[tobeused]asaplatform.

【针对训练】

()1.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.

A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened

()2.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.

A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited

()3.Olderpeople____well.

A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafter

C.mustlookafterD.lookedafter

()4.Ourteacher______carefully.

A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelisten

C.belistenedD.islistened

()5.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?

--Lastyear.

A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used

()6.I____insummer.

A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn

()7.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus

()8.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.

A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump

 

【中考链接】

1.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger,soChinese________inmoreAmericanschoolsnow.

A.wastaughtB.istaughtC.teachesD.taught

2.---Didyouwinthefootballgame?

---Badluck.Ourteam__________inthefinalone.

A.wonB.beatC.waswonD.wasbeaten

3.-Thispainting________toamuseuminNewYorkin1977.

A.sellsB.soldC.wassoldD.issold

4.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.

A.plant        B.planted          C.wereplanted  D.areplanted

5.Drivingafterdrinkingwine         inChina. 

A.allows     B.doesn'tallow    C.isallowed     D.isn'tallowed

6.Don'tworry.Yourpackage          hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.

 A.willkeep   B.haskept     C.willbekept    D.hasbeenkept

7. It’struethatShakespeare’splay______bysomanypeopleeveryyear.

A.see          B.willsee            C.areseeing        D.areseen

8.Peoplewhodrinkwine______todriveafterMayDay.

     A.don’tallow   B.isn’tallowed    

C.mustn’tallow D.mustn’tbeallowed

9.—WhathappenedtoBilly?

—He________becauseofhisdrink-driving.

A.iscaught      B.wascaught   C.hascaught   D.hadcaught

10.TheSpringFestival__________inJanuaryorFebruary.

A.celebrates  B.iscelebrated    C.celebrated     D.wascelebrated

 

【巩固练习】

一.单项选择

1.Thisphoto______tenyearsago.

A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken

2.Youcanonlyusethedictionarieshere;they______outofthereadingroom.

A.cantakeB.can’ttakeC.canbetakenD.can’tbetaken

3.Itissaidthatanewschool______heresoon.

A.willbuiltB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.isbuilding

4.---Whatshouldwedofirstifwewanttodevelopourvillage?

---Morenewroads________,Ithink.

A.mustbuildB.arebuiltC.havebuiltD.mustbebuilt

5.---Whencanwegettheexamresults?

---They_______toyounextMonday.

A.willbesentB.aresendingC.willsendD.aresent

6.English_______byabout400millionpeopleinEnglishspeakingcountries.

A.isspokenB.speaksC.speakD.arespoken

7.---I’veneverseenthetallbuildinghere!

---Oh,it_________lastyear.

A.wasbuiltB.wasbuildingC.buildsD.built

8.---I_______therewouldbeafootballmatchonChannel5tomorrow.

A.willtellB.havetoldC.wastoldD.wasn’t

9.We’llhavethreedaysoffifthework_______.

A.finishB.canfinishC.wasfinishedD.canbefinished

10.Afootballmatch_______inourschoolnextMonday.

A.willholdB.willbeheldC.isgoingtoholdD.holds

二、根据提示以及上下文,用动词的适当形式填空。

1.HanHan'ssuccesscannotalwaysbe______________(see)easily.

2.Myhomeworkhasbeen_____________(finish).

3.Thelibrarywas_______________(bulid)80yearsago.

4.Ifcitynoisesareincreasing,peoplewillbehardly____________(hear)oneday

5.Therooms_________________(paint)now,soLadyGagacan’tlivein.

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