中考英语二轮复习第2讲动词分类与谓语动词讲义.docx
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中考英语二轮复习第2讲动词分类与谓语动词讲义
动词分类与谓语动词
【知识点睛】
一、动词种类
情态动词用法:
没有人称和数的变化;
不能单独作谓语,后面必须接动词原形构成谓语部分;
变否定,情态动词后直接加not;
变疑问,情态动词直接提前。
can&could
表_________HecanspeakEnglish.
Hecouldrideabikewhenhewas7.
Heissoyoungthathecan’tlookafterhimself.
Hecouldn’twritewhenhewasonly2.
IwillbeabletospeakGermanfluentlysomeday.
表_________Canyoupassmesomepaper?
Couldyoupleasetellmewherethebookstoreis?
Youcangonow.
表_________—Whoissinginginthenextroom?
IsitLucy?
—Itcan’tbeher.ShehasgonetoNewYork.
may&might
表_________—MayIknowyourname?
—MightIknowyourname?
—Yes,you__________.
—No,you__________.
Youmaygonow.
表__________Shemayknowtheanswer,butI’mnotsure.
—Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyourweekend?
—Notyet.WemaygotoQingdao.
must&haveto
___________Themovieisboring.Imustgonow.
Driversmustwearthesafetybeltwhendriving.Thisisthetrafficrule.
Mymothercalledme.Ihavetogonow.
—Dad,mustIpracticethepianotoday?
—Yes,you_______.
—No,you______./No,youdon’thaveto.Youmaydoittomorrow.
___________Youmustn’tnipofftheflowers.
Youdon’thavetobeinahurry.
(没必要)
表_________—Whosenotebookisthis?
—ItmustbelongtoTom.Isawheuseditjustnow.
Hemusthaveknownthetruth.
need
___________Youneednotgethereearly.
—NeedIrepeatit?
—Yes,you______./No,you_______.
___________Sheneedsadictionarytohelpherstudy.
Ineedtomakeaphonecall.
Theroomneedscleaning.
情态动词表推测——一肯,一否,三个不一定
—Whosenotebookisthis?
—ItmustbelongtoTom.Isawheuseditjustnow.
—Whoissinginginthenextroom?
IsitLucy?
—Itcan’tbeher.ShehasgonetoNewYork.
Shemay/might/couldknowtheanswer,butI’mnotsure.
情态动词+现在完成时
1、表对过去的猜测、可能性
①musthavedone“一定做了…”用于肯定句,语气最强。
Thelightisoff.Hemusthaveslept.
②may/mighthavedone可能做了…,语气弱,可能性小。
其否定式意为“可能不…”,如:
Hemightnothavebeenin.他可能不在家。
might比may可能性更小。
③can(could)nothavedone“不可能做了…”,语气强,can,could也可用于疑问句,表可能性,如:
Couldhehaveleft?
2、表示虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,“本来应该”而“没有…”。
①should(oughtto)havedone.本来应该做,而没做到如:
Youshouldhaveaskedhimforhelp.(事实上没求他帮忙)
②couldhavedone本来能够…,如:
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam.(结果没通过)
③mighthavedone本来可以…
④needn’thavedone本来没必要…
Youneedn’thavetakenataxi.Itisnotfar.(事实上坐出租车了)
hadbetterhavedonesth.用于事后的建议,含轻微的责备的口吻,意为“当时最好做了某事”。
表示wouldratherhavedonesth.“当时宁愿做了某事”,表示“后悔”的意思。
should,oughtto,could,might,hadbetter,wouldrather也可用于否定句式,意思与上述在肯定句中的意思正好相反。
二、时态
(一)时态分类
(二)各个时态的用法(详细用法请参考附录1)
一般现在时:
反复性规律性经常性、客观事实真理、主将从现
一般过去时:
过去的动作或状态、过去经常或习惯
一般将来时:
将来的动作或状态、计划打算、现进表将来
过去将来时:
从过去某一时刻看将来、主过从过(would+v.)
现在进行时:
此时此刻、现阶段
过去进行时:
过去某一时刻(段)正在进行、过去频繁发生
现在完成时:
过去发生影响现在、过去发生持续现在将来
过去完成时:
过去的过去
—____thefilmbefore?
—Yes.I___itthedaybeforeyesterday.
A.Haveyouseen;saw
B.Didyousee;haveseen
C.Haveyouseen;haveseen
D.Haveyouseen;wasseeing
(三)易混时态区分:
一般过去时VS现在完成时
一般过去时
现在完成时
侧重点
过去的时态;
侧重表示过去的动作,与现在无关
现在的时态;
侧重过去的动作对现在的影响
例句
Isawamovielastnight.
强调昨晚上看电影的动作
Ihaveseenthemoviebefore.
强调我了解电影内容
时间状语
ago,yesterday,last…,in2000,justnow等
before,already,yet,sofar,ever,never,just,recently,since,for,lately,still等
(不能与一般过去时的时间状语连用)
—___________(see)thefilmthedaybeforeyesterday?
—Yes,I_____________(see)italready.Itisreallyinteresting.
(四)完成时态中瞬间动词变延续性动词汇总
瞬间动词_______(有/无)现在完成时用法;当瞬间动词用于现在完成时中,并与__________连用时,需要将瞬间动词转换成相应的延续性动词
—Yoursisterlooksveryhappy!
—Yeah,shehasfinallyboughtthedressshewantsmost.
—Wow,yourwatchlooksnice.Isitnew?
—No,I_________(buy)itsince3yearsago.
将下列瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词:
close→__________come→__________go→__________
finish→__________die→__________puton→_________
lose→__________join→__________getup→_________
buy→__________borrow→_________open→__________
leave→__________fallasleep→__________
wakeup→__________arrive/reach→__________
start/begin→__________catchacold→__________
三、语态
(一)主动语态和被动语态
主动语态:
动作的_________作主语。
Iboughtabook.
被动语态:
动作的_________作主语。
Abookwasboughtbyme.
(二)被动语态用法
1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁
2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者
3.动作的发出者不是人
(三)被动语态基本结构:
_________________
(四)各种时态下主动语态、被动语态构成
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去将来时
一般将来时
【小试牛刀】
1.Thebuildingcan___________(see)fromeverypartofthecity.It_________(build)manyyearsago.
2.YesterdayTom_________(tell)methathisbike________(break)lastweek.
3.Thestudents___________often___________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.
4.Nowhe__________(be)askedifthemeeting___________(hold)nextFriday.
5.Myteachergavemeanewbookyesterday.
_________________________________________________________________________
6.Sheislookingforherkeysatthemoment.
_________________________________________________________________________
7.IsawsomegirlsplayingtennisontheplaygroundwhenIpassed.
_________________________________________________________________________
8.Intheolddays,theemployermadetheiremployeesworkinthefactoryfrommorningtoevening.
_________________________________________________________________________
(五)主动表被动
1.Thatbookisreally_____________________(值得一读).
2.HarryPotter_______________________(卖得很好).
3.Mybike__________________________(需要修理了).
4.Greatchanges_____________(发生了)inthecountrysideinrecentyears.
【精讲精练】
一、找出下列句子中的动词,并指出其属于什么动词
1.Heoftendrewpicturesonthefloorwithchalkandwhenhismothersawwhathehaddone,shewouldquicklycleanthemwithamop.
2.LiJun,a17-year-oldgirlfromShenzhenForeignLanguageSchool,stillcan’tbelieveher10-dayfreetrainingcampintheAlpsinSwitzerlandlastmonthwastrue.
3.TheAmericanofficial,theFrench,Japanesewhohadspokenearlierallloweredtheirheadsinshame,anddidnotdaretoanswer.
4.It’sOKifittakesyouawhiletofeelyourselfagainwhenyougotoanewplaceormeetnewpeople.
5.ThedrunkenmanaskedthepoliceiftheyknewwhereMabelwasashewasputintothebackseatofthepolicecar.
二、单项选择
()1.Choosingtherightcircleoffriendswill_______usalotoftroubles,heartachesandpossiblyalifeofdeepregret.
A.saveB.shareC.keepD.bring
()2.Itishelpfulto______agoodhabitofreadinginlanguagelearning.
A.takeB.showC.developD.match
()3.Thecloth______verysoftandcomfortable.
A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds
()4.Theplanewill______fromBeijingCapitalAirportandlandinLondon.
A.takeupB.takeoutC.takeawayD.takeoff
()5.—Howdoestheanimalgetfood?
—Itdoesn’tneedtodoanything.Thezookeeperwill_____itwithfoodanddrink.
A.offerB.provideC.divideD.give
()6.—Whereareyougoing?
—I’mgoingtotheairportto______myfriend,Mary.SheisgoingtoLondononholiday.
A.seeoffB.putoffC.takeoffD.sendoff
()7.—Mygrandmaisillinbed.
—Sorrytohearthat.Whynot______adoctor?
A.sendforB.sendupC.sendawayD.sendout
()8.—Doyoumissyoursonwhoisatuniversity,Mrs.Zhang?
—No.Ioften______him,andmaketelephonecallstohim.
A.thinkaboutB.hearfrom
C.lookafterD.learnfrom
()9.—Wemustactnowbecausetimeis______.
—Yes.Let’sstart.
A.comingoutB.givingout
C.puttingoutD.runningout
()10.—Doyoustillhaveaheadache,Bill?
—No,it’s______.I’mallrightnow,Mum.
A.droppedB.ranC.leftD.gone
()11.You_______smokeinthehospital.
A.needn’tB.oughtn’ttoC.oughttonotD.maynot
()12.—Anothercupofcoffee?
—No,thanks.I_____beoff.Maryiswaitingforme.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.might
()13.—MayIwatchTVforawhile?
—No,you_______.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.
A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.won’t
()14.—Ican’tgiveupsmoking,doctor.
—Foryourhealth,I’mafraidyou________.
A.mayB.canC.havetoD.must
()15.Mr.White_____at8:
30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.
A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive
C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving
()11.
()12.
()13.
()14.
()15.
()16.Whenwintercomes,______springbefarbehind?
A.shouldB.needC.mustD.can
()17.—Willyouanswerthetelephone?
It______beyourmother.
—Sorry.I______.I’mverybusy.
A.can;mustn’tB.will;can’tC.may;can’tD.need;will
()18.You______driveyourcarsofast.It’sverydangerous.
A.wouldn’tB.shouldn’tC.couldn’tD.mightn’t
()19.—Shallwemeetatthestationat8a.m.?
—Infactwe______.Thetrain______until10a.m.
A.mustn’t;doesn’tleaveB.mustn’t;leaves
C.needn’t;won’tleaveD.needn’t;willleave
()20.—Areyougoinganywhere?
—I______aboutvisitingmysister,butIhavechangedmymind.
A.thinkB.havethoughtC.willthinkD.thought
()21.—Doesthisbusgotothebeach?
—No.You______thewrongway.YouwanttheNumber11.
A.goB.weregoingC.aregoingD.wouldgo
()22.—IsTomathome?
—No,he______totown.
A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.goesD.willgo
()23.Theofficialsaidthey______anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.
A.makesB.wouldmakeC.madeD.havemade
()24.It______usually______atthistimeofyear,buttodayitisrainingheavily.
A.is;rainingB.won’t;rainC.has;rainedD.doesn’t;rain
()25.I______myhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit!
A.leftB.wentawayfrom
C.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom