中考英语二轮复习第2讲动词分类与谓语动词讲义.docx

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中考英语二轮复习第2讲动词分类与谓语动词讲义.docx

中考英语二轮复习第2讲动词分类与谓语动词讲义

动词分类与谓语动词

【知识点睛】

一、动词种类

 

情态动词用法:

没有人称和数的变化;

不能单独作谓语,后面必须接动词原形构成谓语部分;

变否定,情态动词后直接加not;

变疑问,情态动词直接提前。

can&could

表_________HecanspeakEnglish.

Hecouldrideabikewhenhewas7.

Heissoyoungthathecan’tlookafterhimself.

Hecouldn’twritewhenhewasonly2.

IwillbeabletospeakGermanfluentlysomeday.

表_________Canyoupassmesomepaper?

Couldyoupleasetellmewherethebookstoreis?

Youcangonow.

表_________—Whoissinginginthenextroom?

IsitLucy?

—Itcan’tbeher.ShehasgonetoNewYork.

may&might

表_________—MayIknowyourname?

—MightIknowyourname?

—Yes,you__________.

—No,you__________.

Youmaygonow.

表__________Shemayknowtheanswer,butI’mnotsure.

—Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyourweekend?

—Notyet.WemaygotoQingdao.

must&haveto

___________Themovieisboring.Imustgonow.

Driversmustwearthesafetybeltwhendriving.Thisisthetrafficrule.

Mymothercalledme.Ihavetogonow.

—Dad,mustIpracticethepianotoday?

—Yes,you_______.

—No,you______./No,youdon’thaveto.Youmaydoittomorrow.

___________Youmustn’tnipofftheflowers.

Youdon’thavetobeinahurry.

(没必要)

表_________—Whosenotebookisthis?

—ItmustbelongtoTom.Isawheuseditjustnow.

Hemusthaveknownthetruth.

need

___________Youneednotgethereearly.

—NeedIrepeatit?

—Yes,you______./No,you_______.

___________Sheneedsadictionarytohelpherstudy.

Ineedtomakeaphonecall.

Theroomneedscleaning.

情态动词表推测——一肯,一否,三个不一定

—Whosenotebookisthis?

—ItmustbelongtoTom.Isawheuseditjustnow.

—Whoissinginginthenextroom?

IsitLucy?

—Itcan’tbeher.ShehasgonetoNewYork.

Shemay/might/couldknowtheanswer,butI’mnotsure.

情态动词+现在完成时

1、表对过去的猜测、可能性

①musthavedone“一定做了…”用于肯定句,语气最强。

Thelightisoff.Hemusthaveslept.

②may/mighthavedone可能做了…,语气弱,可能性小。

其否定式意为“可能不…”,如:

Hemightnothavebeenin.他可能不在家。

might比may可能性更小。

③can(could)nothavedone“不可能做了…”,语气强,can,could也可用于疑问句,表可能性,如:

Couldhehaveleft?

2、表示虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,“本来应该”而“没有…”。

①should(oughtto)havedone.本来应该做,而没做到如:

Youshouldhaveaskedhimforhelp.(事实上没求他帮忙)

②couldhavedone本来能够…,如:

Hecouldhavepassedtheexam.(结果没通过)

③mighthavedone本来可以…

④needn’thavedone本来没必要…

Youneedn’thavetakenataxi.Itisnotfar.(事实上坐出租车了)

hadbetterhavedonesth.用于事后的建议,含轻微的责备的口吻,意为“当时最好做了某事”。

表示wouldratherhavedonesth.“当时宁愿做了某事”,表示“后悔”的意思。

should,oughtto,could,might,hadbetter,wouldrather也可用于否定句式,意思与上述在肯定句中的意思正好相反。

二、时态

(一)时态分类

 

(二)各个时态的用法(详细用法请参考附录1)

一般现在时:

反复性规律性经常性、客观事实真理、主将从现

一般过去时:

过去的动作或状态、过去经常或习惯

一般将来时:

将来的动作或状态、计划打算、现进表将来

过去将来时:

从过去某一时刻看将来、主过从过(would+v.)

现在进行时:

此时此刻、现阶段

过去进行时:

过去某一时刻(段)正在进行、过去频繁发生

现在完成时:

过去发生影响现在、过去发生持续现在将来

过去完成时:

过去的过去

—____thefilmbefore?

—Yes.I___itthedaybeforeyesterday.

A.Haveyouseen;saw

B.Didyousee;haveseen

C.Haveyouseen;haveseen

D.Haveyouseen;wasseeing

(三)易混时态区分:

一般过去时VS现在完成时

一般过去时

现在完成时

侧重点

过去的时态;

侧重表示过去的动作,与现在无关

现在的时态;

侧重过去的动作对现在的影响

例句

Isawamovielastnight.

强调昨晚上看电影的动作

Ihaveseenthemoviebefore.

强调我了解电影内容

时间状语

ago,yesterday,last…,in2000,justnow等

before,already,yet,sofar,ever,never,just,recently,since,for,lately,still等

(不能与一般过去时的时间状语连用)

—___________(see)thefilmthedaybeforeyesterday?

—Yes,I_____________(see)italready.Itisreallyinteresting.

(四)完成时态中瞬间动词变延续性动词汇总

瞬间动词_______(有/无)现在完成时用法;当瞬间动词用于现在完成时中,并与__________连用时,需要将瞬间动词转换成相应的延续性动词

—Yoursisterlooksveryhappy!

—Yeah,shehasfinallyboughtthedressshewantsmost.

—Wow,yourwatchlooksnice.Isitnew?

—No,I_________(buy)itsince3yearsago.

将下列瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词:

close→__________come→__________go→__________

finish→__________die→__________puton→_________

lose→__________join→__________getup→_________

buy→__________borrow→_________open→__________

leave→__________fallasleep→__________

wakeup→__________arrive/reach→__________

start/begin→__________catchacold→__________

三、语态

(一)主动语态和被动语态

主动语态:

动作的_________作主语。

Iboughtabook.

被动语态:

动作的_________作主语。

Abookwasboughtbyme.

(二)被动语态用法

1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁

2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者

3.动作的发出者不是人

(三)被动语态基本结构:

_________________

(四)各种时态下主动语态、被动语态构成

时态

主动语态

被动语态

一般现在时

现在进行时

现在完成时

一般过去时

过去进行时

过去完成时

过去将来时

一般将来时

【小试牛刀】

1.Thebuildingcan___________(see)fromeverypartofthecity.It_________(build)manyyearsago.

2.YesterdayTom_________(tell)methathisbike________(break)lastweek.

3.Thestudents___________often___________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

4.Nowhe__________(be)askedifthemeeting___________(hold)nextFriday.

5.Myteachergavemeanewbookyesterday.

_________________________________________________________________________

6.Sheislookingforherkeysatthemoment.

_________________________________________________________________________

7.IsawsomegirlsplayingtennisontheplaygroundwhenIpassed.

_________________________________________________________________________

8.Intheolddays,theemployermadetheiremployeesworkinthefactoryfrommorningtoevening.

_________________________________________________________________________

(五)主动表被动

1.Thatbookisreally_____________________(值得一读).

2.HarryPotter_______________________(卖得很好).

3.Mybike__________________________(需要修理了).

4.Greatchanges_____________(发生了)inthecountrysideinrecentyears.

【精讲精练】

一、找出下列句子中的动词,并指出其属于什么动词

1.Heoftendrewpicturesonthefloorwithchalkandwhenhismothersawwhathehaddone,shewouldquicklycleanthemwithamop.

2.LiJun,a17-year-oldgirlfromShenzhenForeignLanguageSchool,stillcan’tbelieveher10-dayfreetrainingcampintheAlpsinSwitzerlandlastmonthwastrue.

3.TheAmericanofficial,theFrench,Japanesewhohadspokenearlierallloweredtheirheadsinshame,anddidnotdaretoanswer.

4.It’sOKifittakesyouawhiletofeelyourselfagainwhenyougotoanewplaceormeetnewpeople.

5.ThedrunkenmanaskedthepoliceiftheyknewwhereMabelwasashewasputintothebackseatofthepolicecar.

二、单项选择

()1.Choosingtherightcircleoffriendswill_______usalotoftroubles,heartachesandpossiblyalifeofdeepregret.

A.saveB.shareC.keepD.bring

()2.Itishelpfulto______agoodhabitofreadinginlanguagelearning.

A.takeB.showC.developD.match

()3.Thecloth______verysoftandcomfortable.

A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds

()4.Theplanewill______fromBeijingCapitalAirportandlandinLondon.

A.takeupB.takeoutC.takeawayD.takeoff

()5.—Howdoestheanimalgetfood?

—Itdoesn’tneedtodoanything.Thezookeeperwill_____itwithfoodanddrink.

A.offerB.provideC.divideD.give

()6.—Whereareyougoing?

—I’mgoingtotheairportto______myfriend,Mary.SheisgoingtoLondononholiday.

A.seeoffB.putoffC.takeoffD.sendoff

()7.—Mygrandmaisillinbed.

—Sorrytohearthat.Whynot______adoctor?

A.sendforB.sendupC.sendawayD.sendout

()8.—Doyoumissyoursonwhoisatuniversity,Mrs.Zhang?

—No.Ioften______him,andmaketelephonecallstohim.

A.thinkaboutB.hearfrom

C.lookafterD.learnfrom

()9.—Wemustactnowbecausetimeis______.

—Yes.Let’sstart.

A.comingoutB.givingout

C.puttingoutD.runningout

()10.—Doyoustillhaveaheadache,Bill?

—No,it’s______.I’mallrightnow,Mum.

A.droppedB.ranC.leftD.gone

()11.You_______smokeinthehospital.

A.needn’tB.oughtn’ttoC.oughttonotD.maynot

()12.—Anothercupofcoffee?

—No,thanks.I_____beoff.Maryiswaitingforme.

A.canB.mayC.mustD.might

()13.—MayIwatchTVforawhile?

—No,you_______.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.

A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.won’t

()14.—Ican’tgiveupsmoking,doctor.

—Foryourhealth,I’mafraidyou________.

A.mayB.canC.havetoD.must

()15.Mr.White_____at8:

30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.

A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive

C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving

()11.

()12.

()13.

()14.

()15.

()16.Whenwintercomes,______springbefarbehind?

A.shouldB.needC.mustD.can

()17.—Willyouanswerthetelephone?

It______beyourmother.

—Sorry.I______.I’mverybusy.

A.can;mustn’tB.will;can’tC.may;can’tD.need;will

()18.You______driveyourcarsofast.It’sverydangerous.

A.wouldn’tB.shouldn’tC.couldn’tD.mightn’t

()19.—Shallwemeetatthestationat8a.m.?

—Infactwe______.Thetrain______until10a.m.

A.mustn’t;doesn’tleaveB.mustn’t;leaves

C.needn’t;won’tleaveD.needn’t;willleave

()20.—Areyougoinganywhere?

—I______aboutvisitingmysister,butIhavechangedmymind.

A.thinkB.havethoughtC.willthinkD.thought

()21.—Doesthisbusgotothebeach?

—No.You______thewrongway.YouwanttheNumber11.

A.goB.weregoingC.aregoingD.wouldgo

()22.—IsTomathome?

—No,he______totown.

A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.goesD.willgo

()23.Theofficialsaidthey______anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.

A.makesB.wouldmakeC.madeD.havemade

()24.It______usually______atthistimeofyear,buttodayitisrainingheavily.

A.is;rainingB.won’t;rainC.has;rainedD.doesn’t;rain

()25.I______myhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit!

A.leftB.wentawayfrom

C.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom

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