名词性从句.docx

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名词性从句.docx

名词性从句

名词性从句

Practicetime:

指出下列各名词性从句的种类。

1.Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfoginthe

afternoon.

宾语从句

2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillbe

running.宾语从句

3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebus

torunthatfar.

表语从句

4.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatall

maninadarkcoat.宾语从句

5.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.

主语从句

6.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.

同位语从句

宾语从句

句⼦子结构:

及物动词/介词+连词(引导词)+宾语从句。

宾语从句的注意事项

引导词

句⼦子所表达的意义

that

陈述意义

if/whether(是否)

⼀一般疑问意义

特殊疑问词

特殊疑问意义

⼀一、连词(引导词)

1.当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在⼝口语或⾮非正式⽂文体中常省略。

❖LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.

❖Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesports

meetingnextSunday.

❖Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.

2.当宾语从句表达⼀一般疑问意义时,由连

词whether或if引导,“是否”,不能省略。

❖Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandma

likedthehandbag.

❖Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsome

informationaboutthatcity.

❖Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrow

thesebooks.

注意whether和if的使⽤用区别:

1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当有ornot时就⽤用whether,不⽤用if.

Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后⾯面的宾语从句不能⽤用if.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

Practicetime

if/whether

1.Iaskedherbike.

if/whether

shehada

2.We’reworriedabout

safe.

whether

heis

3.Idon’tknowornot.

whether

whether

heiswell

4.Idon’tknow

ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow

whether/if

Ishouldgo.

3.当宾语从句表达特殊疑问意义时,由疑问词(what,who,whom,which,whosewhen,where,how,why等)引导,因为疑问词在从句中担任⼀一定的句⼦子成分,具有⼀一定的意义,所以不可以省略。

❖Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?

❖Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.

❖IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.

❖Pleasetellmewho\whomwehavetosee.

❖Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?

⼆二、时态

1.如果主句是现在的时态(包括⼀一般现在时,现在进⾏行时,现在完成时),从句的时态可根据实际情况⽽而定,(包括⼀一般现在时,⼀一般过去时,⼀一般将来时,现在完成时等)。

❖Iknowheliveshere.

❖Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.

❖Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.

2.如果主句是过去的时态(包括⼀一般过去时,过去进⾏行时),那么从句的时态⼀一定要⽤用相对应的过去的某种时态(包括⼀一般过去时,过去进

⾏行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)

❖Iknewwholivedhere.

❖Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.

❖Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomeback

tomorrow.

❖Hesaidthathehadseenit.

3.当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时⽤用⼀一般现在时。

❖Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.

三、语序

宾语从句的语序⽤用陈述语序:

连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。

Idon’tknowwhatisthematter\thetrouble\wrongwithhim.

1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.

Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?

Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.

Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.

1.TheyoungmanaskedDit'ssummerorwinter.

A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether

2.Wedon'tknowAtheydidit.

A.howB.whoC.whatD.which

B.Theteacherasksustime.

BJimcancomebackon

C.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

3.Doesanybodyknow

Cwewillhaveasports

meetingthisweekendornot.

A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that

4.CouldyoushowmeD?

A.howcanIgettothestation

B.whereisthestation

C.howIcouldgettothestation

D.howIcanreachthestation

5.Pleasetellme

C.

A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslike

C.whathelikesD.whathelike

6.MysistertoldhimB.

A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrived

C.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive

A.whoisheB.whoheis

C.whoisitD.whoitis

B.youhavekeptthissciencebook

C.haveyoubeenawayfromChina

10.HesaysthatifitC

tomorrow,he

fishing.

A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgo

C.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgo

表语从句

表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后

⼀一般结构是:

主语+系动词+表语从句

连接词:

that/whether(if不引导表语从句)/asif/asthough/who/whom/whose/which/whatwhen/where/

why/how/because

Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.

That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.

Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.

1.在表语从句中,表“是否”时,只能⽤用“whether”

不能⽤用“if”。

2.⼀一般情况下,“that”不能省。

3.Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….

4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….

5.

because/why…

Thereasonisthat….

1.That’sthePartycalledonustodo.

A.whyB.whatC.howD.that

2.Thereasonismachine.

heisunabletooperatethe

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether

3.Thatistheyseparated.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where

4.Janeisnolongershewasfouryearsago.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when

主语从句

主语从句:

从句在句中充当主语成分。

1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.

2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.

3)Whathesaidisnottrue.

4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.

5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.

6)It’scertainthathewillsucceed.

7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.

8)Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.

引导词

⼀一.由that引导that⽆无意义,后接⼀一个完整的句⼦子.

that不可省。

1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.

2.Thattheearthisround

(地球是圆的)

3.Thatyoumissedthechance

(你错过了这次机会)

isknowntoall.isapity.

⼆二whether“if”不能引导主语从句,放在句⾸首

三.疑问词

It的⽤用法:

(形式主语)

It’spossible/important/necessary/clear…that…

很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…

It’ssaid/reportedthat..据说/据报道…

It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…

显然、明显、碰巧..

It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/⽆无疑…

It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知acommonsaying….(俗话说)that

注意⼆二

注意:

主语从句中,谓语动词⼀一般⽤用单数

What引导的主语从句,可根据表语决定Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.

Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.

注意三:

What与that引导主语从句

what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句⼦子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,⽽而that则不然,它在句⼦子中只起连接作⽤用。

例如:

(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.

(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.

1.hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How

2.

we’llgocampingtomorrowdependson

theweather.

AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere

3.

isknowntousallisthatAmericaisa

developedcountrytheFirstWorld.

a.Which;belongtob.As,belongedto

c.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto

4.It’sknowntousallaformofenergy.

A.waterisB.thatwateris

C.iswaterD.thatwaterto

5.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggray.

A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when

6.WhatIsayandthinknoneofyourbusiness.

B.areC.hasDhave

同位语从句

同位语从句

1.跟在某些名词后⾯面,对该名词作进⼀一步解释说明。

常⽤用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion,suggestion,evidence,impression,possibility,message,words(消息),promise,question,case,proposal,requirement,command,advice,proposition,recommendation等

2.常⽤用连词:

that;whether,what,who,when,where,why,how…注:

if和which不能引导同位语从句

e.g.

1.消息传来,拿破仑要来视察他的军队。

WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.

2.问题是他如何做这件事的。

It’sthequestionhowhedidit.

注意:

1.同位语从句多⽤用that引导,⽆无意义不可省。

2.在havenoidea之后常⽤用wh-引导同位语从句Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.

Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.

Ihavenoideawhathedid.

⽐比较:

1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhad

expected.

定语从句

我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。

2.Weexpressedthehopethattheywould

cometovisitChinaagain.

我们希望他们再来中国访问。

同位语从句

区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句:

1.引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句⼦子成分,⽽而在定语从句中,that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等。

2.同位语从句是对前⾯面名词的内容的具体说明,⽽而定语从句是对前⾯面名词进⾏行修饰,解释为“….的”

3.连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,⽽而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。

Practice:

判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句

1.Theyexpressedthehopethatthey

wouldcometovisitChinaaga同in位.

语从句

2.Thehopethatsheexpressedisthatthey

wouldcometovisitChinaagain.

定语从句

3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.

4.Ican'tstandtheterriblenoisethatsheiscryingloudly.

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