河北省大名县一中学年高二英语下学期第二周周测试题.docx
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河北省大名县一中学年高二英语下学期第二周周测试题
河北省大名县一中2018-2019学年高二英语下学期第二周周测试题
1、阅读理解(每题2分)
A
StephenHawking,aworldfamousBritishphysicist,alsowroteachildren’sbookwithhisdaughter.Hawkingsaidthebookwouldbe“abitlikeHarryPotter”butwithoutthemagic.“Itexplainsthewondersoftheuniverse,”saidHawking,whilehewasonavisittoHongKongover10yearsago.
Hawking,isprobablytheworld’smostfamousscientistafterAlbertEinstein.Heisanexpertonblackholes.Hehasputhiswholelifeintodiggingintothebeginning(andtheend)oftheuniverse.“Mygoalissimple,”Hawkingoncesaid.“Itistocompletelyunderstandtheuniverse,whyitisasitisandwhyitisthereatall.”
Hawkinghasabadillnessthatstopshimfrommovingortalking.Foraperiodoftime,hehadnowaytocommunicateexceptbyblinking.
Nowhesitsonawheelchairwithacomputerbyhisside.Tocommunicate,hemovestwofingerstocontrolthecomputer’smouse.Heselectshiswordsfromthescreen,whicharethenspokenbyavoicesynthesizer.
“Ihavehadthediseaseformostofmylife,”Hawkingoncesaid.“Yetithasnotstoppedmefrombeingsuccessfulatmywork.”
AlthoughHawkingissuchadisabledman,hemadegreatachievements.Hehasreceivedmanyawardsandprizesforhisworkovertheyears.ThisincludeswinningtheAlbertEinsteinAward.Itisthehighestachievementintheoreticalphysics.
1.Inthefirstparagraph,thebookthatStephenHawkingwroteis_____.
A.thesameasHarryPotter
B.isquitedifferentfromHarryPotter.
C.aboutthemagic
D.aboutscience
2.Fromthetextwecanlearn_____.
A.HawkingismorefamousthanEinstein
B.HawkingislessfamousthanEinstein
C.BothHawkingandEinsteinareveryfamous
D.NeitherHawkingnorEinsteinisfamous
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpronoun“It”inthesecondparagraphstandfor?
A.Thegoal.
B.Themagic.
C.Theuniverse.
D.Thebook.
4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsisthefact?
A.HawkinghasreceivedmanyawardsandprizesexcepttheAlbertEinsteinAward.
B.Theillnesskeepshimfrommovingandtalking.
C.Hecommunicateswithothersbyspeaking.
D.Theillnessstoppedhimfrombeingsuccessful.
B
Inthefarfuture,robotsliveonEarthashumansbutthepopulationofhumansissmallerthanathousand.ThisisastoryofarepairrobotR-62.
Oneday,acarcametotherepairfactoryandahumansteppedoutofthecar.
“Wow,ahuman!
Ihaveneverseenarealone,”saidR-62.
“Humansarequiteclever.They’reabletodoanyactiontheywantto.They’reevenabletoharmotherhumanbeingsororganizewars,whichtheyhavebeendoingalotinthehistory.Alsotheydon’tevenhavetofollowordersiftheydon’twantto,”saidanotherrobotT-59quietlytoR-62.
“Howterribleitis!
Andalmostallrobotsseemafraidofhimanddon’tlookathimdirectly,”saidR-62.
Thehumanthensatdownandaskediftherehadbeenanyproblemsinthelast10yearsandheonlygotaquickanswer,“No,sir.”
Thensuddenly,R-62saidloudly,“Ihaveonequestionforyou.”
Thehumansaid,“Yes”,abitunhappyfornotgetting“sir”.
“Whydohumancreatesomanyrobots?
”askedR-62.
Silencefollowedthequestionandhethensaid,“Idon’tneedtoanswerquestionsfromrobots!
”Hethenwentintohiscaranddroveawayquickly.
“Ireallydon'tunderstandwhyhumansreplacedthemselveswithrobots,”askedR-62.
“Becausetheythoughtthatrobotsweremoreadvancedthanhumans.Theycreatedustosupportthemselves,”answeredT-59.
“ButtherearesofewhumansonEarth.Whattheyshoulddoistotakeawaytherobotsoratleastmakethemstopdoingtheworkwhichhumansaresupposedtodo,”saidR-62.
“Iagree.Butwecandonothingaboutit.Andnowwehavetofinishrepairingthiscar,”saidT-59.
“Allright,let’scontinue.”
5.InT-59’sopinion,humansare_____.
A.smart
B.polite
C.dangerous
D.stupid
6.Accordingtothetext,R-62_____.
A.darednotlookatthehumandirectly
B.wasnotfriendlytothehuman
C.decidedtogiveupitsjob
D.hopetoliveonEarth
7.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?
A.R-62doesn’tknowwhathumanbeingslooklike.
B.R-62andT-59arebrothersanddodifferentjobs.
C.T-59doesn’twanttosupporthumanbeings.
D.T-59knowsalotabouthumanbeings.
8.What’sR-62’sattitudetowardshumans’creatingrobots?
A.Frightened.
B.Excited.
C.Doubtful.
D.Supportive.
C
PreparingCitiesforRobotCars
Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.
Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.
Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?
Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.
AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.
Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.
9.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.
A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblems
B.providebetterservicestocustomers
C.causedamagetoourenvironment
D.makesomepeoplelosejobs
10.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor’smajorconcern?
A.Safety.
B.Sideeffects.
C.Affordability.
D.Management.
11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?
A.Doubtful.
B.Positive.
C.Disapproving.
D.Sympathetic.
D
Peoplewhoincreasedthenumberoftimestheychewedtheirfoodbeforeswallowingatelesseachmeal,accordingtoanewstudy.Sloweaterstendtobeslimmer.Beforethestudy,theresearchersdidn’tknowwhetheraskingpeopletochewmorewouldchangetheamountoffoodtheyate.Buttheyfoundmealsizesbecamesmallerwhenadultschewedmorebeforeswallowing---whethertheywereslim,normal-weight,overweightorobese.
“Thestudyprovesthebenefitsoftakingtimetochewfoodwell,”saiddietitianBrownGiggs.
Theparticipantswereaskedtoeatfivepizzarollsandcountthenumberoftimestheychewedeachroll.Researchersdidnottellthemwhatexactlywasbeingtestedinthestudy.47peoplewentontofinishthestudy.10wereslim,10werenormal-weight,27wereoverweight.Thoseparticipantsattendedthreeweeklylunchtimetestperiods.Eachday,researchersgavethem60pizzarollsandtoldthemtoeatuntiltheywerefull.Dependingontheperiod,researchersaskedpeopletocheweverybitethesamenumberoftimesasattheirtestvisit,50%moreortwiceasmanytimes.
Slimparticipantsatemoreslowlythannormal-weightandoverweightparticipants.Overall,peoplespentmoretimeeatingwhentheyincreasedthenumberoftimestheychewed.Theparticipantsratedtheirappetite(食欲)thesameaftereachmealeventhoughslowerchewingreducedhowmuchtheyate.
Researchersnotedthatthestudywasconductedunderlabconditions,soit'snotclearwhetheritwouldadapttonormallife.Theresearchersarenowlookingtoseewhetherhowfastpeopleeat,forexample,influenceshowmuchtheyeat.“Ittakesabout20minutesforthebraintosignalyourstomachthatyourefull,”BrownRiggssaid. “Fasteaterscaneatalargeamountoffoodwithintha