高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 255.docx

高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 255.docx

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高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day255

高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day255

Passage1

RobotshavetakenovermanyofAmerica’sfactories.Butcantheypickastrawberry?

“It’sreallyhardforrobotstomatchwhathumanscando,”saysBobPizter,anexpertonrobots.

Any4-year-oldkidcanpickastrawberry,butmachinescan’tseemtofigureitout.Piztersaysthehardestthingforthemisfindingthefruit.Pizter’sstrawberry-pickingrobotisrollingintoastrawberryfield.Thiswell-designeddevicedrivesitself.It’sasbigasabus,longenoughtostraddle（跨越）adozenrowsofstrawberriesatonce.Powerfulcomputersaresittingontop.

Underneath,therearehigh-definitioncamerastofindtheberries,androboticclawsreadytopickthem.

“Nobody’stellingitwhattodo,”explainsPaulBissett,thechiefoperatingofficerofHarvestCROORobotics.“It’srememberingitspathdowntherow.It’srememberingwherealltheseplantsare.”Itknowsallthis,thankstothesuper-accurateGPS.Itscomputerbraincontainsamapshowingthelocationsofeverystrawberryplantinthefield.Theactionofmachineryistrulyimpressive,butthebasketsarestillpracticallyempty.Pitzersaystherobotsareabletofindandpickmorethan50percentofripeberries.That’snotyetuptohumanstandards.Atypicalworker,hesays,managestopickanywherefrom60to90percentoftheberries.Also,headmits,themachineisslowerthanhumanhands.Ontheotherhand,ithassomeadvantages.Itcanworkrightthroughthenight.Twoyearslater,hesays,thismachinewillbeinthefieldsworkingforreal.“Thereareweaknessestoworkout,butit’sgettingthere.We’reclose.”hesays.

Strawberrycompaniesareputtingmillionsofdollarsintothisproject.Thereason,GaryWishnatzki,theownerofWishFarmssays,isthatit’sgettingmoreandmoredifficulttofindenoughpeopletopickhisberries.“Thefactofthematteris,ifwedon’tsolvetheproblemofthislaborshortagewithautomation,theindustryisfacingabigchallengeahead.Thepriceoffruitisgoingtobemuchhigher,”JoseSantos,theleaderofthefarm,says.

Joseisprettyconvinced,though,thatpickingstrawberrieswillalwaysrequirepeople.Themachineswillbreakdown,hepointsout.Infact,he’slookingonthebrightside.“Youcouldaffordtogivepeopleadayoffifyouhavemachinesbehindyou,”hesays.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thestrawberry-pickingrobot______.

A.canworkextrahours

B.reliesonGPSonlytofindberries

C.runsonpetroljustlikeabus

D.picksbothripeandunripeberries

2.Whatdopeoplementionedinthepassagethinkofthestrawberry-pickingrobot?

A.Itwillleadtothepriceofstrawberriesrising.

B.Itkeepshumanworkersworkingthroughnight.

C.Itisnotveryefficientatthemomentbutpromising.

D.Itwillcompletelytaketheplaceofhumanworkers.

3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theworkingprincipleofstrawberry-pickingrobots.

B.Farmers’expectationsforstrawberry-pickingrobots.

C.Thepresentstateofstrawberry-pickingrobots.

D.Thedifferencesbetweenhumansandstrawberry-pickingrobots.

Passage2

Rumors（谣言）:

we'veallheardsomeandwe'veallspreadsome.Inmoretraditionaltimestheyshookentirefamilies.Today,theytraveldifferentlybecausethewayweshareinformationhasalsochanged.

Thefactisthatrumorshavegreatpotentialtoupsetthings,whethersociallyorpersonally.Wedon'tenjoybeingonthereceivingendofone,sincetheyusuallydon'thavegoodintentions.Theyaresomewhatveiled（掩饰的）messages.

Normallyrumorsareoralmessages:

wordofmouth.Theparadox（自相矛盾）isthatthereisnoevidencetosupportrumors,butthemorepeopleshareit,themoretheyseeitastrue.Tofinishexplainingrumors,wethinkthattheyfollowcertainveryclearlaws.Secrecy:

Thesourceisunknown.Thereisalsoaprovenphenomenonthathumanbeingsusuallyforgetthesourceofamessagebeforetheyforgetitscontent.Certainty:

Wehardlyquestionrumorssimplybecauseofthementaleffortinvolved.Ontheotherhand,noonelikestodoubtapersonwhoconvincesusthattheinformationtheyspreadistrue.Change:

Itactslikeatree.Newrumorsbranchouttofillinthegapsleftbythefirstrumor.

Anotherproperty（属性）ofrumorsisthattheytendtobecomeviral.Eachreceiverisatthesametimeapotentialtransmitter（传输者）oftheinformation.Thereceiveroftenaddstheirownopinion.Theirmannerandtoneoftransmittingitalsochangesit.

Howcanweendrumors?

Theanswerisassimpleasitisimpossible:

preventingpeoplefromcommunicating.Amorerealisticresponseisequallydifficult,althoughlessthanthefirstone.Itisthatweshouldbecriticaloftheinformationwereceive.Weshouldaskourselvesifthesourceisreliable.Ask（ifpossible）thepersonyouhearditfromwhethertheyalsotrusttheinformation.Weshouldalsothinkaboutiftherumorbenefitssomeone,andifthatsomeonestartedtherumor.

Onerumortobeespeciallycautiousofisarumoraboutgroupsrelativelyunabletodefendthemselves.That'swhywesay,"Historyisalwaystoldbythewinners."Thefirstpaymentthedefeatedmustmakeistoacceptthevictor'sversionofthestory.

1.Whatcanwelearnaboutrumors?

A.Wehaveallheardsomeandbelievedthem.

B.We'rehappytobethereceivingendofthem.

C.Theymayhavenegativeinfluenceonsociety.

D.Theyoftenhidegoodintentionsinthemessages.

2.Howarerumourslikeatree?

A.Rumourskeepchanging,justastreeschangetheircolour.

B.Rumoursaredeeplyrootedinreality,liketreerootsintheearth.

C.Newrumourshavegaps,likethespacebetweentreebranches.

D.Newrumoursgrowoutoftheoriginal,likebranchesoutofatrunk.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword‘viral’inPara4probablymean?

A.Somethingeasilyspread.

B.Somethingacceptable.

C.Somethingeasilydefended.

D.Somethingbeneficial.

4.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?

A.Itiseasytopreventpeoplefromspreadingrumors.

B.Peopleareoftenactiveinjudgingtherumorscritically.

C.Weshouldthinkaboutthehiddenmessageoftherumors.

D.Storiestoldbythevictorsareusuallybetterworthtrusting.

Passage3

Twofriendshaveanargumentthatbreaksuptheirfriendshipforever,eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.Suchsadeventshappenoverandoverinhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Infact,accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence,“Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityofviolence”.Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren’tstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?

Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult（侮辱）.Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn'tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.

Oncestudentsrecognizethatconflictisunavoidable,theycanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution（解决）:

staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer,heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewords,namecalling,andaccusationsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ontheotherhand,softwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.

Afterbothsideshavecalmeddown,theycanuseanotherkeystrategy（策略）forconflictresolution:

listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside,andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterward,thelistenercanasknonthreateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker'sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.

Finally,studentsneedtoconsiderwhattheyarebearing.Thisdoesn'tmeantryingtofigureoutwhat'swrongwiththeotherperson.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingtoaccomplish.Forexample,ashoutingmatchoverapeanutbuttersandwichmighthappenbecauseonepersonthinkstheotherpersonisunwillingtotrynewthings.Studentsneedtoaskthemselvesquestionssuchasthese：

Howdidthisstart?

WhatdoIreallywant?

WhatamIafraidof?

Astheissuebecomesclearer,theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.Evenifitdoesn't,carefulthoughthelpsbothsidesfigureoutamutual（彼此共同的）solution.

Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesn'tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,“64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves”.Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,teachers,parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.

1.Thisarticleismainlyabout________.

A.thelivesofschoolchildren

B.thecauseofargumentsinschools

C.howtoanalyzeyouthviolence

D.howtodealwithschoolconflicts

2.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat________.

A.violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtime

B.asmallconflictcanleadtoviolence

C.studentstendtolosetheirtempereasily

D.theeatinghabitofastudent