高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 255.docx
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高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day255
高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day255
Passage1
RobotshavetakenovermanyofAmerica’sfactories.Butcantheypickastrawberry?
“It’sreallyhardforrobotstomatchwhathumanscando,”saysBobPizter,anexpertonrobots.
Any4-year-oldkidcanpickastrawberry,butmachinescan’tseemtofigureitout.Piztersaysthehardestthingforthemisfindingthefruit.Pizter’sstrawberry-pickingrobotisrollingintoastrawberryfield.Thiswell-designeddevicedrivesitself.It’sasbigasabus,longenoughtostraddle(跨越)adozenrowsofstrawberriesatonce.Powerfulcomputersaresittingontop.
Underneath,therearehigh-definitioncamerastofindtheberries,androboticclawsreadytopickthem.
“Nobody’stellingitwhattodo,”explainsPaulBissett,thechiefoperatingofficerofHarvestCROORobotics.“It’srememberingitspathdowntherow.It’srememberingwherealltheseplantsare.”Itknowsallthis,thankstothesuper-accurateGPS.Itscomputerbraincontainsamapshowingthelocationsofeverystrawberryplantinthefield.Theactionofmachineryistrulyimpressive,butthebasketsarestillpracticallyempty.Pitzersaystherobotsareabletofindandpickmorethan50percentofripeberries.That’snotyetuptohumanstandards.Atypicalworker,hesays,managestopickanywherefrom60to90percentoftheberries.Also,headmits,themachineisslowerthanhumanhands.Ontheotherhand,ithassomeadvantages.Itcanworkrightthroughthenight.Twoyearslater,hesays,thismachinewillbeinthefieldsworkingforreal.“Thereareweaknessestoworkout,butit’sgettingthere.We’reclose.”hesays.
Strawberrycompaniesareputtingmillionsofdollarsintothisproject.Thereason,GaryWishnatzki,theownerofWishFarmssays,isthatit’sgettingmoreandmoredifficulttofindenoughpeopletopickhisberries.“Thefactofthematteris,ifwedon’tsolvetheproblemofthislaborshortagewithautomation,theindustryisfacingabigchallengeahead.Thepriceoffruitisgoingtobemuchhigher,”JoseSantos,theleaderofthefarm,says.
Joseisprettyconvinced,though,thatpickingstrawberrieswillalwaysrequirepeople.Themachineswillbreakdown,hepointsout.Infact,he’slookingonthebrightside.“Youcouldaffordtogivepeopleadayoffifyouhavemachinesbehindyou,”hesays.
1.Accordingtothepassage,thestrawberry-pickingrobot______.
A.canworkextrahours
B.reliesonGPSonlytofindberries
C.runsonpetroljustlikeabus
D.picksbothripeandunripeberries
2.Whatdopeoplementionedinthepassagethinkofthestrawberry-pickingrobot?
A.Itwillleadtothepriceofstrawberriesrising.
B.Itkeepshumanworkersworkingthroughnight.
C.Itisnotveryefficientatthemomentbutpromising.
D.Itwillcompletelytaketheplaceofhumanworkers.
3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Theworkingprincipleofstrawberry-pickingrobots.
B.Farmers’expectationsforstrawberry-pickingrobots.
C.Thepresentstateofstrawberry-pickingrobots.
D.Thedifferencesbetweenhumansandstrawberry-pickingrobots.
Passage2
Rumors(谣言):
we'veallheardsomeandwe'veallspreadsome.Inmoretraditionaltimestheyshookentirefamilies.Today,theytraveldifferentlybecausethewayweshareinformationhasalsochanged.
Thefactisthatrumorshavegreatpotentialtoupsetthings,whethersociallyorpersonally.Wedon'tenjoybeingonthereceivingendofone,sincetheyusuallydon'thavegoodintentions.Theyaresomewhatveiled(掩饰的)messages.
Normallyrumorsareoralmessages:
wordofmouth.Theparadox(自相矛盾)isthatthereisnoevidencetosupportrumors,butthemorepeopleshareit,themoretheyseeitastrue.Tofinishexplainingrumors,wethinkthattheyfollowcertainveryclearlaws.Secrecy:
Thesourceisunknown.Thereisalsoaprovenphenomenonthathumanbeingsusuallyforgetthesourceofamessagebeforetheyforgetitscontent.Certainty:
Wehardlyquestionrumorssimplybecauseofthementaleffortinvolved.Ontheotherhand,noonelikestodoubtapersonwhoconvincesusthattheinformationtheyspreadistrue.Change:
Itactslikeatree.Newrumorsbranchouttofillinthegapsleftbythefirstrumor.
Anotherproperty(属性)ofrumorsisthattheytendtobecomeviral.Eachreceiverisatthesametimeapotentialtransmitter(传输者)oftheinformation.Thereceiveroftenaddstheirownopinion.Theirmannerandtoneoftransmittingitalsochangesit.
Howcanweendrumors?
Theanswerisassimpleasitisimpossible:
preventingpeoplefromcommunicating.Amorerealisticresponseisequallydifficult,althoughlessthanthefirstone.Itisthatweshouldbecriticaloftheinformationwereceive.Weshouldaskourselvesifthesourceisreliable.Ask(ifpossible)thepersonyouhearditfromwhethertheyalsotrusttheinformation.Weshouldalsothinkaboutiftherumorbenefitssomeone,andifthatsomeonestartedtherumor.
Onerumortobeespeciallycautiousofisarumoraboutgroupsrelativelyunabletodefendthemselves.That'swhywesay,"Historyisalwaystoldbythewinners."Thefirstpaymentthedefeatedmustmakeistoacceptthevictor'sversionofthestory.
1.Whatcanwelearnaboutrumors?
A.Wehaveallheardsomeandbelievedthem.
B.We'rehappytobethereceivingendofthem.
C.Theymayhavenegativeinfluenceonsociety.
D.Theyoftenhidegoodintentionsinthemessages.
2.Howarerumourslikeatree?
A.Rumourskeepchanging,justastreeschangetheircolour.
B.Rumoursaredeeplyrootedinreality,liketreerootsintheearth.
C.Newrumourshavegaps,likethespacebetweentreebranches.
D.Newrumoursgrowoutoftheoriginal,likebranchesoutofatrunk.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword‘viral’inPara4probablymean?
A.Somethingeasilyspread.
B.Somethingacceptable.
C.Somethingeasilydefended.
D.Somethingbeneficial.
4.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?
A.Itiseasytopreventpeoplefromspreadingrumors.
B.Peopleareoftenactiveinjudgingtherumorscritically.
C.Weshouldthinkaboutthehiddenmessageoftherumors.
D.Storiestoldbythevictorsareusuallybetterworthtrusting.
Passage3
Twofriendshaveanargumentthatbreaksuptheirfriendshipforever,eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.Suchsadeventshappenoverandoverinhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Infact,accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence,“Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityofviolence”.Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren’tstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?
Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱).Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn'tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.
Oncestudentsrecognizethatconflictisunavoidable,theycanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution(解决):
staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer,heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewords,namecalling,andaccusationsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ontheotherhand,softwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.
Afterbothsideshavecalmeddown,theycanuseanotherkeystrategy(策略)forconflictresolution:
listening.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside,andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterward,thelistenercanasknonthreateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker'sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.
Finally,studentsneedtoconsiderwhattheyarebearing.Thisdoesn'tmeantryingtofigureoutwhat'swrongwiththeotherperson.Itmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueisandwhatbothsidesaretryingtoaccomplish.Forexample,ashoutingmatchoverapeanutbuttersandwichmighthappenbecauseonepersonthinkstheotherpersonisunwillingtotrynewthings.Studentsneedtoaskthemselvesquestionssuchasthese:
Howdidthisstart?
WhatdoIreallywant?
WhatamIafraidof?
Astheissuebecomesclearer,theconflictoftensimplybecomessmaller.Evenifitdoesn't,carefulthoughthelpsbothsidesfigureoutamutual(彼此共同的)solution.
Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesn'tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,“64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves”.Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,teachers,parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.
1.Thisarticleismainlyabout________.
A.thelivesofschoolchildren
B.thecauseofargumentsinschools
C.howtoanalyzeyouthviolence
D.howtodealwithschoolconflicts
2.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat________.
A.violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtime
B.asmallconflictcanleadtoviolence
C.studentstendtolosetheirtempereasily
D.theeatinghabitofastudent