大学英语2 第8课.docx

大学英语2 第8课.docx

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大学英语2第8课

大学英语精读第二册08

大耳朵英语　　2005-09-3000:

33:

37　【打印】

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UnitEight

Clickthebuttontolistentothetext

Everthoughtaboutcheatingonatest?

Ofcourse

not.Butsomestudentsarenotquitesohonest.

HONESTY:

ISITGOINGOUTOFSTYLE?

StaciaRobbins

Accordingtoarecentpoll,61percentofAmericanhighschoolstudents

haveadmittedtocheatingonexamsatleastonce.Itcanbearguedsucha

responsemaynotmeanmuch.Afterall,moststudentshavebeenfacedwith

thetemptationtopeekataneighbor'stestpaper.Andstudentscanbe

hardonthemselvesinjudgingsuchbehavior.However,thereareother

indicationsthathighschoolcheatingmaybeontherise.

Moreandmorestatesarerequiringstudentstopasscompetencytests

inordertoreceivetheirhighschooldiplomas.Andmanyeducatorsfear

thatanincreaseintheuseofstateexamswillleadtoacorresponding

riseincheating.AcaseinpointisstudentsinNewYorkStatewhofaced

criminalmisdemeanorchargesforpossessingandsellingadvancecopiesof

stateRegentsexaminations.

Cheatingisnowconsideredtobeamajorproblemincollegesanduni-

versities.Severalprofessorssaythey'vedroppedthetraditionalterm

paperrequirementbecausemanystudentsbuyprewrittentermpapers,and

theycan'ttrackdownallthecheatersanymore.

Collegesanduniversitiesacrossthenationhavedecidedtodomore

thantalkabouttheriseinstudentcheating.Forinstance,theDepartment

ofPsychologyattheUniversityofMarylandlaunchedacampaigntostop

oneformofcheating.As409studentsfiledoutoftheirexam,theyfound

allbutoneexitblocked.ProctorsaskedeachstudenttoproduceanIDcard

withanattachedphoto.Studentswhosaidthey'dlefttheirsinthedormor

athomehadamugshottaken.Thepurposeofthecampaignwastocatch

"ringers,"studentswhotaketestsforotherstudents.

ThemajorityofstudentsattheUniversityofMarylandapplaudedthe

campaign.Thecampusnewspapereditorialsaid,"Likepolicearresting

speeders,theintentisnottocatcheveryonebutrathertocatchenoughto

spreadtheword."

Wefrequentlyhearabout"thegoodolddays,"whenAmericanswere

better,happier,andmorehonest.Butweretheymorehonest?

Maybeyes,a

longtimeagowhenlifewasverydifferentfromwhatitistoday.

SchoolchildrenusedtoknowthestoryofhowAbrahamLincolnwalked

fivemilestoreturnapennyhe'doverchargedacustomer.It'sthekindof

storywethinkofasmyth.ButinthecaseofLincoln,thestoryistrue...

unlikethestoryofGeorgeWashingtonandthecherrytree.Washington's

firstbiographerinventedthetaleoflittleGeorgesayingtohisfather,

"Icannottellalie.Ididitwithmyax."Whatisimportantinboth

stories,however,isthathonestywasseenasanimportantpartofthe

Americancharacter.

Andthesearejusttwostoriesoutofmany.Studentsinthelastcentu-

ryusuallydidn'tread"fun"stories.Theyreadstoriesthattaughtmoral

values.Suchstoriespointedoutquiteclearlythatchildrenwholied

cheated,orstolecametobadends.

Parentsmayhavefurtherreinforcedthosevalues.It'sdifficultto

know.Wedoknowthatchildrendidn'theartheirparentstalkofcheating

thegovernmentonincometaxes-thereweren'tany.

AclueastowhyAmericansmayhavebeenmorehonestinthepastlies

intheAbeLincolnstory.Lincolnknewhiscustomer.Theybothlivedina

smalltown.Wouldacheck-outpersonatalargesupermarketreturnmoney

toacustomer?

It'slesslikely.Ontheotherhand,wouldovernightguests

ataninnrunbyahusbandandwife,stealtowels?

It'slesslikely.

Perhapsthistellsusthatpeopleneedtoknowoneanothertobeat

theirhonestbest.

ThevastmajorityofAmericansstillbelievethathonestyisanimportant

partoftheAmericancharacter.Forthatreason,therearenumerous

watch-dogcommitteesatalllevelsofsociety.Althoughsignsofdishonesty

inschool,business,andgovernmentseemmuchmorenumerousinrecent

yearsthaninthepast,coulditbethatwearegettingbetteratrevealing

suchdishonesty?

Thereissomeevidencethatdishonestymayebbandflow.Whentimes

arehard,incidentsoftheftandcheatingusuallygoup.Andwhentimesget

bettersuchincidentstendtogodown.

Cheatinginschoolalsotendstoebbandflow.Butitdoesn'tseem

linkedtotheeconomy.

Manyeducatorsfeelthatasstudentsgainconfidenceinthemselvesand

theirabilities,theyarelesslikelytocheat.Surprisingly,someefforts

topreventcheatingmayactuallyencouragecheating-apersonmayfeel

"theydon'ttrustmeanyway,"andbetemptedto"beatthesystem."Distrust

canbecontagious.But,socantrust

Clickthebuttontolistentothepronunciationsofnewwords

NewWords

honestyn.

freedomfromdeceit,cheating,etc.诚实

stylen.

fashion时髦

polln.

surveyofpublicopinionbyputtingquestions

toarepresentativeselectionof

persons民意测验

admitv.

stateoragreetothetruthof;confess

承认,供认

admissionn.

temptationn.

theactoftemptingorbeingtempted引诱,

诱惑

peekvi.

look（atsth.）quickly,esp.whenone

shouldnot偷看

behavio（u）rn.

wayofbehaving行为

behavev.

indicationn.

signorsuggestion迹象

competencyn.

ability;beingcompetent能力;胜任

diploman.

officialpapershowingthatapersonhas

successfullyfinishedacourseofstudy

orpassedanexamination文凭

correspondinga.

matching相应的

criminala,

ofcrime

misdemeano（u）rn.

crimethatislessseriousthan,for

example,stealingormurder轻罪

chargen.

accusation指控

possessvt.

have,own占有,拥有

advancea.

madeavailablebeforethedateofgeneral

publicationorrelease预先的

regentn.

memberofagoverningboard（学校董事会的）

董事

dropvt.

giveup;discontinue放弃;革除

traditionala.

oforaccordingtotradition传统的

traditionn.

requirementn.

sth.required;sth.demandedasacondition

要求;必要条件

prewrittena.

writtenbeforehand;writteninadvance

psychologyn.

scienceofthemind心理学

psychologicala.

launchvt.

start,setgoing发起;发动

campaignn.

seriesofplannedactivitiesforsome

specialpurpose运动

filevi

marchormoveinaline排成纵队行进

exitn.

wayoutofaplace出口（处）

proctorn.

监考人

IDcardn.

identitycard身份证

dormn.

（shortfor）dormitory宿舍

mugn.

thefaceormouth

shotn.

asinglephotograph

mugshotn.

（sl.）photographofaperson'sface,used

forpurposesofidentification面部照片

ringern.

anypersonwhopretendstobeanother冒

名顶替者

applaudvt.

praiseesp.bystrikingone'shands

together拍手称赞

campusn.

university;thegroundsofauniversity,

college;orschool大学;校园

editorialn.

leadingarticle社论

arrestvt.

seize（sb.）inthenameofthelaw逮捕

speedern.

personwhodrivesanautomobileata

purpose;intention.

frequentlyad.

atshortintervals,often频繁地

frequenta.

overchargevt.

chargetoomuch对…要价太高

customern.

personwhobuysgoodsfromashop,esp.

regularly顾客

mythn.

神话

unlikeprep.

notlike,differentfrom

cherryn.

樱桃

biographern

personwhowritesaboutanotherperson's

life传记作家

ax（e）n.

斧子

charactern.

mentalormoralqualitiesthatmakeone

person,race,etc.differentfromothers

性格,品质

morala.

concerningprinciplesofrightorwrong

道德的

reinforcevt.

encourageorstrengthen加强

taxn.

税

cluen.

sth.thathelpstofindananswertoa

question线索

check-outn.

deskwhereonepaysthebillofthegoods

onehaschosen结帐处

supermarketn.

largeshopwhereoneservesoneselfwith

foodandgoods超级市场

overnighta.

fororduringthenight住一夜的;一整夜的

innn.

smallhotel小旅馆,客栈

toweln.

毛巾

vasta.

verybig

numerousa.

many

watch-doga.

organizedoractingasawatchfulguar-

dian,esp.againstunlawfulpractice起

监督作用的

dishonestyn.

thequalityofbeingdishonest

revealvt.

makeknown揭露

evidencen.

signorproof证据

ebbvi.

（ofthetide）flowbackfromthelandto

thesea;growless;becomeweakorfaint

落潮;低落,衰退

flowvi.

（ofthetide）comein;rise;runorspread

smoothly（潮）涨;上升;流

incidentn.

event;happening事件

theftn.

（theactof,aninstanceof）stealing

tendvi.

haveatendency易于,往往会

linkvt.

joinorconnect连接;联系

economyn.

经济

anywayad.

atall;inanycase究竟;无论如何

temptvt.

attract（sb.）todosth.wrongorfoolish

引诱

systemn.

体制;制度

systematica.

distrustn.

distrustn.

lackoftrust;mistrust不信任,怀疑

contagiousa.

tendingtospreadeasilyfrompersonto

person传染的

Phrases&Expressions

outofstyle

nolongerfashionable过时的,不再流行的

accordingto

asstatedorshownby;inawaythatagreeswith

按照，根据

（be）facedwith

面对

bebardon

对…过分严厉

ontherise

increasingsteadily在增长;在加剧

acaseinpoint

averygoodexample恰当的例子

allbut

allexcept除了…都

（be）differentfrom

unlike,notthesameas与…不同

thinkof...as

regardas

inthecaseof

就…来说,至于

cometo

arriveataparticularstateorposition变成（某

种状态）

liein

existin在于

ontheotherhand

fromtheopposedpointofview另一方面,反过来说

atone'shest

inasgoodastateaspossible处于最佳状态

goup

rise;increase上升;增加

godown

fall;decrease下降;减少

ProperNames

StaciaRobbins

斯泰茜亚·罗宾斯

Maryland

马里兰（