数据库ER图练习及答案.docx

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数据库ER图练习及答案.docx

数据库ER图练习及答案

DBModelingExamPractical

Answerthefollowingquestions、

1.CreateanE-Rschemaforadatabasesystemusedtomanageaccountinformationatacommunitybank、Thebankhasseveralbrancheswithuniquenames、Acustomermayhaveoneormoreaccountsinoneormorebranches、Anaccountmustbelongtooneandonlyonebranch、Eachaccountisoperatedonbytransactions,whichmaybedepositstoorwithdrawalsfromsomeaccount、Thedatabasekeepstrackofallthetransactionsoneachaccount,inadditiontothebalanceofindividualaccountsandtheassetsofindividualbranches、Foreachentity,specifyallitsattributes,primarykey,andalternatekey(s)、InyourERschema,besuretocapturethecardinalityconstraintsandparticipationconstraintsofallrelationships、

Makereasonableassumptionstocompletethespecification、Explicitlystateallyourassumptions、EVERYconstructinyourERschemashouldbesubstantiatedbyeitherthespecificationaboveoryourexplicitassumptions、

2.Thefollowingtablestoresinformationaboutwhichsupplierscansupplywhichparts、ThetablecapturesthefactthatapartwhosenameisPartNameandwhoseIDisPartIDcanbesuppliedbysupplierswhosenamesareinSupplierNameandwhoseIDsareinSupplierID、Notethatapartcanbesuppliedbymanysuppliers,andasuppliercansupplymanyparts、

CAN_SUPPLY

PartID

PartName

SupplierID

SupplierName

1234

Nut

223

ProMetal

1234

Nut

224

Biscayne

2134

Bolt

223

ProMetal

3.Performthefollowingtasks、

1.Listtheprimarykey、

2.ListalltheFDs、

3.Whatnormalformistherelationin?

Explain、

4.Applynormalizationtoitincrementally,carryingthenormalizationprocessthrougheachofthehighernormalformspossibleupto3NF、Thatis,iftherelationwereunnormalized,bringittofirstnormalform,thenbringthefirstnormalformyou'vejustcreatedtosecondnormalform,andthenbringthesecondnormalformtothirdnormalform、

ForeachtransformationtothenexthighernormalformX,

▪ExplainthestepsyoutooktobringittothenormalformX、

▪ProvidethenormalformX'stablestructure,primarykey(s),andtheFDs、

▪ExplainwhyyouthinkitisinthenormalformX、Forexample,ifyouthinkthereisapartialdependency,fullydefendyourconclusionbyexplaininghowacolumnispartiallydependentonsomeothercolumn(s)、

Thatis,iftherelationwereinanunnormalizedform,youwouldexplainthetransformationyouperformedtobringittofirst,second,andthirdnormalforms、Youwouldalsoprovidethetablestructure,theprimarykeyandtheFDsforthefirst,second,andthirdnormalforms、Youwouldalsoprovideexplanationforwhyyoubelieveitisinfirst,second,andthirdnormalforms、

4.ConvertthefollowingE-Rschemaintoarelationalschemausingthemappingalgorithmspecifiedinthiscourse、Specifykeyandreferentialintegrityconstraints,usingdirectedarcs、Makesureyoualsoidentifyalternatekeys、Labeleachstepofthemappingalgorithm、

Answer:

1、

Bank

Account

Customer

Transaction

Branch

BankName

BankPhone

BranchAddr

BranchName

Has

N

1

BranchPhone

Assets

CustName

PhoneNum

CustID

AccountNo

Balance

OperationType

TID

TDateTime

AofBranch

TofAccount

Open

1

N

M

1

1

N

Entity:

1.Bank(BankName,BankPhone)(BankPhoneisamulti-valuedattribute、)

PK:

(BankName)

2.Cutomer(CustID,CustName,PhoneNum)

PK:

(CustID)

AK:

(PhoneNum)

3.Branch(BranchName,BranchAddr,BranchPhone,Assets)(BranchPhoneisamulti-valuedattribute、)

PK:

(BranchName)

4.Account(AccountNo,Balance)

PK:

(AccountNo)

5.Transaction(TID,OperationType,TDateTime)

PK:

(TID)

Relations:

1.Has:

,1:

N,PARTIAL/TOTAL;

2.Open:

,1:

N,PARTIAL/TOTAL;

3.AofBranch:

,1:

N,PARTIAL/TOTAL;

4.TofAccount:

,1:

N,PARTIAL/TOTAL;

Assumptions:

1.Anewbankcanestablishnobranch、

2.Onenormalbankestablishesoneormorebraches、

3.Abankhasoneormoretelephonesforcustomers、

4.AcustomercanopenoneormoreAccount、

5.Anaccountmustbelongtooneandonlyonebranch、

6.Onebranchopensoneormoreaccounts、

7.Abranchhasoneormoretelephonesforcustomers、

8.Anaccountbelongstojustonebranch;

2、

1、pk:

(PartID,SupplierID)

2、FDs:

FD1:

PartID->{PartName}

FD2:

SupplierID->{SupplierName}

3、Therelationisinthefirstnormalform(1NF)、

Eachattributeoftherelationallowsasingleatomicvalue,soitisin1NF、

Butsomenone-primary-keyattributes,suchasPartNameandSupplierName,partially

dependantontheprimarykey(asFD1andFD2show),soitisnotin2NF、

4、Normalization:

1)FD1:

PartID->{PartName}

Therelationcanbedecompositedintotworelations:

PART(PartID,PartName),FDs={PartID->PartName},PK:

(PartID);

CAN_SUPLY(PartID,SupplierID,SuplierName),FDs={SupplierID->SupplierName),PK:

(PartID,SupplierID)、

TherelationPARTisnowinthethirdnormalformbecausetheonlynone-primary-key

attributePartName,fully(notpartially)anddirectly(nottransively)dependantsontheprimarykeyPartId、

TherelationCAN_SUPPLYisstillinthefirstnormalbecausetheonlynone-primary-key

attributeSupplierName,partiallydependantsontheprimarykey(PartId,SupplierID)、

2)CAN_SUPLY(PartID,SupplierID,SuplierName),FDs={SupplierID->SuplierName):

ForSupplierID->SuplierName,therelationcanbedecompositedintotworelations:

SUPPLIER(SupplierID,SupplierName),FDs={SupplierID->SuplierName},PK:

(SupplierID);

CAN_SUPLY(PartID,SupplierID),FDs={},PK:

(PartID,SupplierID)、

Bothrelationsareinthethirdnormalform,becauseforeachone,nonone-primary-key

attributepatiallyortransivelydependantsonitsprimarykey、

3)Three3NFrelations:

PART(PartID,PartName),FDs={PartID->PartName},PK:

(PartID);

SUPPLIER(SupplierID,SupplierName),FDs={SupplierID->SuplierName},PK:

(SupplierID);

CAN_SUPLY(PartID,SupplierID),FDs={},PK:

(PartID,SupplierID)、

3、

九步算法:

三种异常:

修改异常、插入异常、删除异常。

S1:

每一强实体用一个新表表示

S2:

处理参与1:

1标识联系的弱实体W

S3:

处理参与1:

N标识联系的弱实体W

S4:

处理每一二元1:

1联系R,确定参与该联系的实体型对应的表S与T,将T的主码作为外码加入S,将R的所有简单属性与复合属性成分作为列加入S。

S5:

处理每一二元1:

N联系R,确定处于N端的实体表S与1端的实体表T,将T的主码作为外码加入S,将R的所有简单属性与复合属性成分作为列加入S、

S6:

处理每一N元联系(包括二元M:

N联系),对应新表T,将R的所有简单属性与复合属性成分作为列加入T,将参与联系的(强、弱)实体型的主码作为外码加入T,所有外码组合,共同构成T的主码、

S7:

处理每一多值属性A,将A的所有简单属性与复合属性成分作为列加入T,将A所属的实体或联系型的主码作为外码加入T,将(上步得到的)外码与A对应的属性确定为T的主码、

S8:

处理每一非相交子类的特化、

S9:

处理每一相交子类的特化、

S1:

T1:

Coach(Name,Age)

PK:

(Name)

T2:

Team(Name)

PK:

(Name)

T3:

Player(Name,Age)

PK:

(Name)

T4:

Game(Number,Score,Time,Date)

PK:

(Number)

T5:

Stadium(Name,Size,Location)

PK:

(Name)

S2:

处理参与1:

1标识符联系的弱实体

S3:

处理参与1:

N标识符联系的弱实体

S4:

T2:

Team(Name,CoachName)

PK:

(Name)

FK:

CoachNamereferencesCoach(Name)

S5:

T3:

Player(Name,Age,TeamName)

PK:

(Name)

FK:

TeamNamereferencesTeach(Name)

S6:

T6:

Practice(TeamName,StadiumName,Date)

PK:

(TeamName,StadiumName)

FK:

TeamNamereferencesTeach(Name)

FK:

StadiumNamereferencesStadium(StadiumName)

T7:

PlaysWith(HostName,VisitorName,GameNumber)

PK:

(GameNumber)

FK:

HostNamereferencesTeam(name)

FK:

VisitorNamereferencesTeam(name)

S7:

T8:

TeamColor(TeamName,color)

PK:

(TeamName,color)

FK:

TeamNamereferencesTeam(name)

Thelastseventables:

T1:

Coach(Name,Age)

PK:

(Name)

T2:

Team(Name,CoachName)

PK:

(Name)

FK:

CoachNamereferencesCoach(Name)

T3:

Player(Name,Age,TeamName)

PK:

(Name)

FK:

TeamNamereferencesTeach(Name)

T4:

Game(Number,Score,Time,Date)

PK:

(Number)

T5:

Stadium(Name,Size,Location)

PK:

(Name)

T6:

Practice(TeamName,StadiumName,Date)

PK:

(TeamName,StadiumName)

FK:

TeamNamereferencesTeach(Name)

FK:

StadiumNamereferencesStadium(StadiumName)

T7:

PlaysWith(HostName,VisitorName,GameNumber)

PK:

(GameNumber)

FK:

HostNamereferencesTeam(name)

FK:

VisitorNamereferencesTeam(name)

t8:

TeamColor(TeamName,color)

PK:

(TeamName,color)

FK:

TeamNamereferencesTeam(name)

(T4andT7havethesameprimarykey,so,theycanbejoinedtoanewtable、)

Normalization

Provideyoursolutiontothefollowinginanormalization、txt、Note:

Thediscussioninthisexerciseisindependentof(i、e、,completedunrelatedto)theE-CommerceprojectdescribedintheAppendix、

ThefollowingtablecapturesthefollowingfactaboutanE-Commercebookstore:

theemployeewhosenameisEmpNameandwhoseIDisEmpIDhasshippedtheorder(whoseOrderNumberisOrderNo)totheaddressShipToAddronthedateShippedDate、ThetrackingnumberfortheshipmentisTrackingNum、TheTrackingNumisprovidedbythecouriercompanythatpicksuptheshipment、Thebookstoreusesonlyonecouriercompany、Notethatasingleordercouldbesplitupintomultipleshipmentsbasedontheavailabilityoftheordereditems、Onlyoneemployeehandlesashipment、However,multipleemployeescouldhandleanorderiftheorderisshippedinmultipleshipments、

SHIPMENT

EmpID

EmpName

OrderNo

ShipToAddr

ShippedDate

TrackingNum

1234

Joe

223

4615ForbesAve,Pittsburgh,PA15147

12/21/99

12435678

2134

Jones

224

4615ForbesAve,Pittsburgh,PA15147

12/25/99

21345678

1.Listtheprimarykey、

2.ListalltheFDs、

3.Listalltheupdateanomaliesandprovideanexampleofeach、

4.Whatnormalformistherelationin?

Explain、

5.Applynormalizationtoitincrementally,bringingtherelationto3NF、Thatis,iftherelationisunnormalized,bringittofirstnormalform,thenbringthefirstnormalformyou'vejustcreatedtosecondnormalform,andthenbringthesecondnormalformtothirdnormalform、

ForeachtransformationtothenexthighernormalformX,

oExplainthestepsyoutooktobringittothenormalformX、

oProvidethenormalformX'stablestructure,primarykey(s),andtheFDs、

oExplainwhyyouthinkitisinthenormalformX、

Thatis,iftherelation

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