初中英语语法复习.docx
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初中英语语法复习
初中英语语法知识点
一、名词
名词的数
1、可数名词与不可数名词
A、不可数名词,初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:
water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange(桔汁);fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper(纸);time(时间);music;weather;grass;news;food;fish(鱼肉);coke;porridge;cake(可数或不可数).不可数名词应注意以下几点:
1)前无数、冠,后无复数;作主语为三单.
2)表量用约数some/any;much;alotof或用of短语
eg.Thereis____breadonthetable.[C]
A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.many
Thereissome_______ontheplate.[B]
A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer
2、可数名词的复数
A、不规则变化:
man—men;woman—women;child—children
policeman—policemen
Englishman—Englishmen
Frenchman—Frenchmen
foot—feet;tooth—teethmouse(鼠)—mice
B、规则变化
1)s;sh;ch;x结尾加es读[iz]
2)ce;se;ze;(d)ge结尾加s
eg.boxes[bksiz]blouses[blauziz]
3)f(fe)结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]
eg.knives[naivz]
4)“辅+y”结尾变y为i加es清就清[s]
5)一般加s浊就浊[z]
eg.books[buks]pens[penz]babies[beibiz]
但注意以下几点:
①potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes
②单复同形:
fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese
③由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数
mandoctor—mendoctors
④reef—reefs
⑤“某国人”的复数:
中日不变英法变,其余s加后面.eg.German—Germans
⑥people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.
3、名词所有格:
名词’s(意思是“……的”)
A.有生命的名词所有格,一般在后加“’s”但注意:
1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”
LucyandLily’sfather露西和莉莉的父亲
Lucy’sandLily’sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.
2)以s结尾的词只加“’”
eg.1)theboys’books2)James’father
3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导
eg.thelegofthedesk
4)双重所有格:
afriendofmyfather’s
afriendofmine(√)afriendofmy(×)
练习
一、写出下列词的复数
1.book______2.bus______3.orange_______
4.baby______5.boy______6.my________
7.his_______8.knife______9.watch________
10.sheep______11.tooth_____12.leaf____
13.German__________14.Chinese_________
二、选择正确的答案
()1.—Arethose______?
---No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.
A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cow
C.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows
()2.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme____.
A.twoorangeB.twobottlesoforange
C.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges
()3.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?
A.averygoodB.any
C.apieceofD.twopieces
()4.___roomisonthe5thfloor.
A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’s
C.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s
()5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa____tohisoffice.
A.20minutes’walkB.20minute’swalk
C.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk
()6.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim____.
A.Mr.GreenB.Mr.Allan
C.Mr.JamesD.JamesGreen
()7.JackandTomare____.
A.goodfriendsB.goodfriend
C.agoodfriendD.goodafriend
()8.It’sonlyaboutten____walktothenearestpostoffice.
A.minutesB.minute’sC.minutes’D.minute
()9.Heoftenhas____forbreakfast.
A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreads
C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
()10.Mrs.Greenhastwo____.They’reverybright.
A.childsB.childC.children’sD.children
()11.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim’s______.
A.twomonthsholidayB.twomonths’holiday
C.two-monthholidayD.twomonth’sholidays
()12.Iwon’tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotof____todo.
A.worksB.jobC.workD.working
()13.LiLeiisafriendof___.
A.IsisterB.mysister’s
C.mesisterD.mysisterof
()14.Haveyouread____?
A.today’sB.todaypaper
C.thetoday’spaperD.today’spaper
()15.Howmany___arethereintheroom?
A.boxesB.boxC.boxsD.boxxes
()16.Many____havebeenbuiltinourcitysince1987.
A.factorysB.factories
C.factoryesD.factorys
()17.Therearelotsof___inthebasketonthetable.
A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatoss
()18.Thecatcaughttwo___lastnight.
A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices
()19.Jackwenttohavetwo___pulledoutyesterdayafternoon.
A.toothsB.toothC.teethD.toothes
()20.Inourschooltherearefifty-five___.
A.womenteachersB.womanteachers
C.womenteacherD.woman’steacher
()21.Thethree___willbeputintoprison.
A.thiefsB.thiefC.thievesD.thiefs’
二、冠词
1、不定冠词a,an
a用在辅音音素开头的词前eg.abook
ausefulbooka“u”
[ju:
sful][ju:
]
an用于元音开头的词前.eg.anapple
anhouran“F”
[au][ef]
2、定冠词the
1)特指某人/某物
Thebookonthedeskismine.
2)世上独一无二的事物前
thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky
3)形、副最高级及序数词前
Thethirdboyisthetallestofall.
(但当这些词前已有其他限定词,如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时,则不能再用the)
HeismyfirstEnglishteacher.
4)the+姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。
theGreens格林一家/格林夫妇
3、不用冠词的几种情况:
1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词
2)学科名词前
3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前(但:
①当三餐名词前有修饰词时,则要加适当的冠词.②表乐器演奏的名词前应加the)
1)Hewenttoschoolafterhehadaquickbreakfast.
2)playtheviolin/piano
练习
()1.Thereis____“s”in____word“bus”.
A.a;aB.an;theC.a;theD.an;a
()2.Mathsis___usefulsubject.Youcan’tdropit,Ithink.
A.anB.aC.theD./
()3.____badweatheritis!
A.HowB.WhataC.HowaD.What
()4.—Whatcoloris___orange?
--It’s_____orange.
A.an;