土木工程常用词汇.docx

土木工程常用词汇.docx

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土木工程常用词汇

土木工程常用英语术语

第一节一般术语

1.工程结构buildingandcivilengineeringstructures

2.工程结构设计designofbuildingandcivilengineeringstructures

3.房屋建筑工程buildingengineering

4.土木工程civilengineering

5.公路工程highwayengineering

6.铁路工程railwayengineering

7.港口与航道工程port（harbour）andwaterwayengineering

8.水利工程hydraulicengineering

9.水利发电工程（水电工程）hydraulicandhydroelectricengineering

10.建筑物（构筑物）constructionworks

11.结构structure

12.基础foundation

13.地基foundationsoil;subgrade;subbase;ground

14.木结构timberstructure

15.砌体结构masonrystructure

16.钢结构steelstructure

17.混凝土（砼）结构concretestructure

18.特种工程结构specialengineeringstructure

19.房屋建筑building

20.工业建筑industrialbuilding

21.民用建筑civilbuilding;civilarchitecture

22.公路highway

23.公路网highwaynetwork

24.高速公路freeway

25.干线公路arterialhighway

26.支线公路feederhighway

27.铁路（铁道）railway;railroad

28.标准轨距铁路standardgaugerailway

29.宽轨距铁路broadgaugerailway

30.窄轨距铁路narrowgaugerailway

31.铁路枢纽railwayterminal

32.铁路车站railwaystation

33.港口port;harbour

34.港口水工建筑物marinestructure

35.通航（过船）建筑物navigationstructure;navigationconstruction

36.灯塔lighthouse

37.水利waterconservancy

38.水利枢纽multipurposehydraulicproject;keywater-controlproject;hydro-junction

39.水库reservoir

40.水工建筑物hydraulicstructure;marinestructure;maritimeconstruction

41.档水建筑物waterretainingstructure;retainingworks

42.进水（取水）建筑物intakestructure

43.泄水建筑物outletstructure;outletworks;sluiceworks

44.输水建筑物conveyancestructure

45.整治建筑物rcgulatingstructure;trainingstructurerectificationstructure

46.水电站hydro-electricstation;hydropowerstation

47.水泵站（抽水站、扬水站、提水站）pumpstation

48.过木建筑物（过木设施）raftpassfacilitylogpassfacility

49.过钿建筑物（过钽设施）fishpassfacility

50.安全设施safetydevice

第二节房屋建筑结构术语

1.混合结构mixedstructure

2.板柱结构slab-columesystem

3.框架结构framestructure

4.拱结构archstructure

5.折板结构folded-platestructure

6.壳体结构shellstructure

7.风架结构spacetrussstructure

8.悬索结构cable-suspendedstructure

9.充气结构pneumaticstructure

10.剪力墙（结构墙）结构shearwallstructure

11.框架—剪力墙结构frame-shearwallstructure

12.筒体结构tubestructure

13.悬挂结构suspendedstructure

14.高耸结构high-risestructure

第三节公路路线和铁路线路术语

1.公路路线highway

2.公路线形highwayalignment

3.平面线形horizontalalignment

4.纵面线形verticalalignment

5.公路选线routeselection

6.公路定线routelocation

7.平面线horizontalcurve

8.竖曲线verticalcurve

9.变坡点gradechangepoint

10.路线交叉routeintersection

11.铁路线路permanentway

12.铁路选线railwaylocation

13.铁路定线location

14.正线mainline

15.站线sidings

16.最小曲线半径minimumradiusofcurve

17.坡段gradesection

18.最大坡度maximumgrade

19.平面交叉gradecrossing

20.立体交叉gradeseparation

第四节桥、涵洞和隧道术语

1.桥bridge

2.简支梁桥simplesupportedgirderbridge

3.连续梁桥continuousgirderbridge

4.悬臂梁桥cantilevergirderbridge

5.斜拉（斜张）桥cablestayedbridge

6.悬索（吊）桥suspensionbridge

7.桁架桥trussedbridge

8．框架桥framebridge

9．刚构（刚架）桥rigidframebridge

10．拱桥archbridge

11．漫水桥submersiblebridge

12．浮桥pontoonbridge

13．正交桥rightbridge

14．斜交桥skewbridge

15．跨线（立交）桥gradeseparatedbridge;overpassbridge

16．高架桥viaduct

17．正（主）桥mainspan

18．引桥approachspan

19．弯桥curvedbridge

20．坡桥Rampbridge

21．公路铁路两用桥combinedbridge;highwayandrailwaytransitbridge

22．开合桥movablebridge

23．单线桥single-trackbridge

24．双线桥double-trackbridge

25．桥跨结构（上部结构）bridgesuperstructure

26．桥面系bridgefloorsystem

27．桥支座bridgebearing;bridgesupport

28．桥下部结构bridgesubstructure

29．索塔（桥塔）bridgetower

30．桥台abutment

31．桥墩pier

32．涵洞culvert

33．隧道（洞）tunnel

34．隧道洞口（洞门）tunnelportal

35．隧道（洞）围岩tunnelsurroundingrock

36．隧道（洞）衬砌tunnellining

第五节水工期建筑物术语

1．坝dam

2．坝轴线damaxis

3．重力坝gravitydam

4．拱坝archdam

5．支墩坝buttressdam

6．土石坝earth-rockdam;embankmentdam

或填筑建成的坝。

7．混凝土坝concretedam

8．橡胶坝rubberdam;flexibledam;fabricdam

9．丁坝spurdike;groin

10．顺坝trainingdike

11．溢洪道spillway

12．堰（溢流堰）weir

13．围堰cofferdam

14．水工隧洞hydraulictunnel

15．深式进水口deepwaterintake

16．堤坝式水电站damtypehydropowerstation

17．引水（引水道）式水电站diversionconduittypehydropowerstaion

18．潮汐电站tidalpowerstation

19．抽水蓄能电站pumpedstoragepowerstation

20．水电站厂房powerhouseofhydropowerstation

21．前池forebay

23．调压室surgechamber

24．尾水渠tailrace

25．船闸navigationlock

26．升船机shilift;shipelevator

27．水闸sluice;barrage

28．渠道caual

29．渡槽aqueduct;bridgedflume

30．陡坡chute

31．跌水drop

32．坝内廊道系统gallerysystem

33．消能防冲设施energydissipatingandanti-scourfacility

34．防渗设施seepagecontrolfacility

35．排水设施drainagefacility

36.反滤设施（倒滤设施）reversefilter

37．水轮泵站turbine-pumpstation

38．水锤泵站ramstation

39．坝下埋管underdamculvert

40．沉消池siltingbasin

41．堤dike;levee

42．防波堤breakwater;mole

43．码头wharf;quay

44．斜坡码头slopedwharf

45．墩式码头dolphinwharf

46．重力式码头gravityquay-wall

47．板桩码头sheet-pilequay-wall

48．高桩码头openpieronpiles;high-pilewharf

49．浮（趸船）码头floatingpier;pontoonwharf

50．船坞dock

51．船台ship-buildingberth

52．滑道slipway

第六节结构构件和部件术语

1．构件member

2．部件component;assemblyparts

3．截面section

4．梁beam;girder

5．拱arch

6．板slab;plate

7．壳shell

8．柱column

9．墙wall

10．桁架truss

11．框架frame

12．排架bentframe

13．刚架（刚构）rigidframe

14．简支梁simplysupportedbeam

15．悬臂梁cantileverbeam

16．两端固定梁beamfixedatbothends

17．连续梁continuousbeam

18．叠合梁superposedbeam

19．桩pile

20．板桩sheetpile

21．路面pavement

22．行车道carriageway

23．变速车道speed-changelane

24．人行道sidewalk

25.分隔带Laneseparator

26.自行车道bicyclepath

27.公路路肩roadshoulder

28.路基边沟subgradesideditch

29.截水沟（天沟）catchditch;interceptingchannel

30.排水沟drainageditch

31.护坡slopeprotection;revetment

32.挡土墙retainingwall

33.铁路轨道railwaytrack

34.钢轨rail

35.轨枕sleeper

36.轨排trackskeleton

37.道床bed

38.道碴ballast

39.道岔turnout

40.铁路调车驼峰railwayshuntinghump

41.无缝线路continuousweldedrail

42.钢轨扣件railfastening

43.护轮轨guardrail

44.铁路路肩railwayshoulder

45.码头胸墙wharfshoulder

46.卸荷板relievingslab

47.靠船构件berthingmember

48.系船柱mooringpostbollard

49.系船环mooringring

50.闸室sluicechamber

51.闸门sluicegate;lockgate

52.闸墩sluicepier

53.护坦apron

54.海漫apronextension

55.消能池（消力池）stillingbasin

56.消能戽（消力戽）rollerbucket

57.防渗铺盖apron;imperviousblanket

58.防渗帷幕imperviouscurtain;cut-off

59.止水sealing;seal;waterstop

60.连接connection

61.节点joint

62.伸缩缝expansionandcontractionjoint

63.沉降缝settlementjoint

64.防震缝aseismicjoint

65.施工缝constructionjoint

第七节地基和基础术语

1.扩展（扩大）基础spreadfoundation

2.刚性基础rigidfoundation

3.独立基础singlefooting

4.联合基础combinedfooting

5.条形基础stripfouncation

6.壳体基础shellfoundation

7.箱形基础boxfoundation

8.筏形基础raftfoundation

9.桩基础pilefoundation

10.沉井基础opencaissonfoundation

11.管柱基础cylinderpilefoundation;cylindercaissonfoundation

12.沉箱基础caissonfoundation

13.路基subgradeofhighway（railway）

14.基床bed;bedding

第八节结构可靠性和设计方法术语

1.可靠性reliability

2.安全性safety

3.适用性serviceability

4.耐久性durability

5.基本变量basicvariable

6.设计基准期designreferenceperiod

7.可靠概率probabilityofsurvival

8.失效概率probabilityoffailure

9.可靠指标reliabilityindex

10.校准法calibration

11.定值设计法deterministicmethod

12.概率设计法probabilisticmethod

13.容许应力设计法permissible（allowable）stressesmethod

14.破坏强度设计法ultimatestrengthmethod

15.极限状态设计法limitstatesmethod

16.极限状态limitstates

17.极限状态方程limitstateequation

18.承载能力极限状态ultimatelimitstates

19.正常使用极限状态serviceabilitylimitstates

20.分项系数partialsafetyfactor

21.设计状况designsituation

22.持久状况persistentsituation

23.短暂状况transientsituation

24.偶然状况accidentalsituation

第九节结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语

1.作用action

2.荷载load

3.线分布力forceperunitlength

4.面分布力forceperunitarea

5.体分布力forceperunitvolume

6.力矩momentofforce

7.永久作用permanentaction

8.可变作用variableaction

9.偶然作用accidentalaction

10．固定作用fixedadtion

11．自由（可动）作用.Freeaction

12.静态作用staticaction

13.动态作用dynamicaction

14.多次重复作用repeatedaction;cyclicaction

15.低周反复作用lowfrequencycyclicaction

16.自重selfweight

17.施工荷载siteload

18.土压力earthpressure

19.温度作用temperatureaction

20.地震作用earthquakeaction

21.爆炸作用explosionaction

22．风荷载windload

23．风振windvibration

24.雪荷载snowload

25．吊车荷载craneload

26．楼面、屋面活荷载floorliveload;roofliveload

27．桥（桥梁）荷载loadonbridge

28．桥（桥梁）恒荷载deadloadonbridge

29．桥（桥梁）活荷载liveloadonbridge

30．公路车辆荷载标准Standardhighwayvehicleload

31．中国铁路标准活载StandardRailwayLiveLoad

SpecifiedbythePeople’s

RepublicofChina

设计用的中华人民共和国铁路标准活荷载,简称中一活载。

32．船舶荷载shipload

33．起重运输机械荷载craneandvehicleload

34．船舶撞击力shipimpactforce

35．船舶挤靠力shipbreastingforce

36．船舶系缆力mooringforce

37．水压力waterpressure

38．浮力buoyance

39．扬压力upliftpressure

40．浪压力（波浪力）wavepressure;waveforce

41．冰压力icepressure

42．泥沙压力siltpressute

43．冻胀力frostheaveforce;frosthgavepressure

44．作用代表值representativevalueofanaction

45．作用标准值characteristicvalueofanaction

46．作用准永久值quasi-permanentvalueofanaction

47．作用组合值combinationvalueofactions

48．作用分项系数partialsafetyfactorforaction

49．作用设计值designvalueofanaction

作用代表值乘法以作用分项系数后的值。

50．作用组合值系数coeffcientforcombinationvalueofactions

51．作用效应effectsofactions

52．作用效应系数coefficientofeffectsofactions

53．轴向力normalforce

（axialforce）

54．剪力shearforce

55．弯矩bendingmoment

56．双弯矩bimoment

57．扭矩torque

58．应力stress

59．正应力normalstress

60．剪应力shearstress;tangentialstress

61．主应力principalstress

62．预应力prestress

63．位移displacement

64．挠度deflection

65．变形deformation

66．弹性变形elasticdeformation

67．塑性变形plasticdeformation

68．外加变形imposeddeformation

69．约束变形restraineddeformation

70．应变strain

71．线应变linearstrain

72．剪应变shearstrain;tangentialstrain

73．主应变principalstra