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英国文学问答题答案doc
英国文学课后习题答案
Unit1GeoffreyChaucer
TheCanterburyTales:
1.Howisthesettingofthetalesdescribed?
Withsuchasetting,couldyoupredictthegeneraltoneofthetalesthataretofollow?
Thesettingofthetaleisthatagroupofsaintslivedinthesamehoteldeterminedtocontinuetheirjourneyasagroupandtheytelldifferentstoriesontheirway.Thegeneraltoneofthetaleiscomedy.
2.Inyourownwords,summarizethecharacteroftheKnightfromthebriefintroductioninthisexcerpt.
Theknightisagoodperson,heisasinceresaint.Heisgoingonhispilgrimageashejustcomesbackfromhisvoyage.Andatthesametime,heisabravesoldierandmadecontributionstothewars.Butheisverypoliteandwearssimpleclothinhislife.
3.Withoutcomparisonwiththetranslatedversion,aretherewordsstillrecognizabletoyouintheoriginalMiddleEnglishversion?
AlthoughthewordsusedinTheCanterburyTalesareMiddleEnglish,toamodernreader,theyarenotentirelyunrecognizable.SomeofthevocabulariesaremuchsimilartoModernEnglish,therefore,inmostcases,readerscanguessandtheninterpretthemeaningofthesewords,i.e.,droghteisequivalenttodrought,licourisequivalenttoliquorandsoon.
Unit2WilliamShakespeare
Hamlet:
1.Whysleepissofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?
Nobodycanpredictwhathewilldreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygotoanunknownworldandyoucan’tcomeback.Ifhedies,Hamletcan'trealizehiswill.Though“sleep”canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmind.Hamletdidn’tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”.Hecan’tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.
2.Whywouldpeopleratherhearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadchoosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?
Deathissomysteriousthatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebittersufferings,greatpains,heartbreakingstories…
3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?
Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.
1)Conscienceandover-considerations.
2)Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn’tknowhow;
3)Hewantstokillhisuncle,butfindittoorisky;
4)Helivesindespairandwantstocommitsuicide,
5)However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthisfather’sghost.Heisinfaceofgreatdilemma.
RomeoandJuliet:
1.WhatdoesRomeocompareJuliettointhebeginningpassageoftheselection?
Sun
2.WhatisRomeoandJuliet’sattitudetowardbeingaMontagueoraCapulet?
Theywouldgiveuptheirnamesforlove’ssake.
3.WhatdoesRomeomeanwhenhesays“Lookthoubutsweet,/AndIamproofagainsttheirenmity”?
Onlyifyouarekindtome,theirhatredcannothurtme.
Sonnet18:
1.Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?
Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?
"Thisquestioniscomparing“thee”tothesummertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealsodedicatedtosimilarcomparisonsbetweenthebelovedandsummerdays.Thepoetanswersthequestionbysayingthat"thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate"thansummer.Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatsheistoliveforeverinthissonnet.
2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautiful(fair)thansummerandimmortal?
Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:
“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?
”Thenhegivesananswer,“Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.”Ontheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;”ontheotherhand,“Sometimetoohottheheavenshines,andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.”Sofromtheabovetwoaspectsthepoetthinksthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer.Inaddition,“Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,bychance,ornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed.”Comparedwithimmortal,“Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st,norshalldeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,whenineternallinestotimesthougrow’st.”Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:
“Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.”Inthispoem,thepoetmakes“thou”morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhisbeautifullines.Sointhiscase,“thou”inthepoemcanberegardedasfemalebecauselovecanmakebeautyeternal.Or“thou”canbereferredtomale,forfriendshipcanmakebeautyeverlasting.Even“thou”canbeabstract“love”or“beauty”whichwillbecomeeternalinthewonderfulpoem.
Thepoetthinksthateverysummerisgoingtofadeandgoaway,whereasthouwillalwaysbebeautifulandlovely.
Unit3FrancisBacon
OfMarriageandSingleLife:
1.Ismarriageanimpedimentorhelptoone’scareerdevelopment?
IntheeasyOfMarriageandSinglelife,Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Hethinks“unmarriedmenarebestfriends;bestmasters;bestservants;butnotalwaysbestsubjects;fortheyarelighttorunaway;andalmostallfugitivesareofthatcondition”,“Wivesareyoungmen’smistresses;companionsformiddleage;andoldmen’snurses”.
Ihavetosayhiswordscanstillbetruetoday.Theabilitytoloveandbelovedisthemostpreciousofgiftsgiventoman,whichshouldbehighlytreasured.Familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthem,allofwhicharethesametowomen.Allthesequalitiesarevitaltoanyone’scareer.Whenyouworkbackhome,wifeorhusbandisalwaysthelistenertoyou,sonthewarmhearttoyou.Spouseshelpeachotherandsupporteachother;familyistheharborforsoul.Thusithelpsone’scareerdevelopment.
2.Inwhatsensearewifeandchildren“akindofdisciplineofhumanity”?
Abachelor’slifefocusisbuthimself,sohewillspendalotofmoneyoneverythingthatfeastshiseyeswithouthesitation.What’smore,heislikelytohaveagoatanyrisksthatmakehimfeelexcitingandfreshforbeingfreefromanyburden.
However,amarriedmanalwaystendstothinktwicebeforemakinganimportantdecisioninordertopreventbringinganyharmtohisfamily.Heshouldhavethemotivationtoworkhardtofulfillwifeandchildren’sexpectation.Asaresult,familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,andberesponsibleforthem.Alovinghusbandandaqualifiedfathercancontributethegreatestmeritforthepublictoalargeextent.
3.Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Doyoufindhisargumentsconvincing?
Ithinkhisargumentsareconvincing.Bacon’sbasicideaisthatmarriageisgoodtobothindividualandsociety.Hisanalysisistakenstepbystep.Atfirst,asinglemanthinksjusttoliveasinglelifecanhemakesomegreatcontributionstothesociety.Butasinglepersononlycaresabouthimself,andhedoesn’tpayattentiontothefuture,whichisveryunwise.Singlelifecouldalsomakeamantobeserioustohisfreedom.Onthecontrary,marriagemakesamanberesponsible,tender,enthusiasticandwarm-hearted.Astheauthorsaying:
“wivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses”.Itmeansthatwhenamanisyoung,wifetalksaboutlovewithhim,whenhecomestomiddleage,wifealwaysstaywithhimasacompanion,whenhebecomesold,wifewilltakecareofhimtilltheendoftime.Eventhoughawifemarriesabadhusband,marriageoffersagoodchanceforhusbandtocorrectthemselves.
Thewholeessay’smainpointisveryobvious,authortellsfromtwoaspects.Firstly,hesayshowbaditistobeasingleman.Secondly,hetellsalotofadvantagesofbeingmarried.Eachaspecthasenoughproof.AtBacon’speriod,hisargumentsmaybemoreconvincingthannowadays.
OfStudies:
1.Wearenowlivingintheageof“informationexplosion”.WhatlessonscanwelearnfromBacon’s“OfStudies”inouraccesstoinformation?
AccordingtoBacon,thegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshalingofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Thatistosay,rightdecisionsandjudgmentsoverimportantmattersarebaseduponcomprehensiveknowledgewhichisacquiredbystudies.Withoutawiderangeofknowledge,apersoncannotdigestinformation,analyzeinformationandtaketimelymeasuresaccordingly.
2.Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?
AsfarasI’mconcerned,readingcanmakeafullman,cancultivateaman,andcanmakeamanmoveforwardinthewayheunderstandtheviewoftheworld,thelifeandthevalue.Afullmanshouldhaveapositiveworldviewandadoptanactivephilosophyoflife,whichareusuallybasedonabalancedknowledgestructure.FromFrancisBacon’sOfStudies,Iknowthattheessaynotonlyintroducesthemethodsofreadingbooksanddiscussesthepurposesandfunctionsofreading,butalsoanalyzesthedifferentattitudesofthepeoplewhoarereadingbooks.Mostimportantly,wecanknowhowtobeafullmanfromreading.
Readingcanenlargeourknowledgeindifferentfields.FromOfStudies,studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Itmeansthatstudiescanmakepeoplehappy,wise,increasingknowledge.Ifwereadallkindsofbooks,weareabletotastewhatmightnothappentousinreallife,andthenaskourselves