英国文学问答题答案doc.docx

英国文学问答题答案doc.docx

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英国文学问答题答案doc

英国文学课后习题答案

Unit1GeoffreyChaucer

TheCanterburyTales:

1.Howisthesettingofthetalesdescribed?

Withsuchasetting,couldyoupredictthegeneraltoneofthetalesthataretofollow?

Thesettingofthetaleisthatagroupofsaintslivedinthesamehoteldeterminedtocontinuetheirjourneyasagroupandtheytelldifferentstoriesontheirway.Thegeneraltoneofthetaleiscomedy.

2.Inyourownwords,summarizethecharacteroftheKnightfromthebriefintroductioninthisexcerpt.

Theknightisagoodperson,heisasinceresaint.Heisgoingonhispilgrimageashejustcomesbackfromhisvoyage.Andatthesametime,heisabravesoldierandmadecontributionstothewars.Butheisverypoliteandwearssimpleclothinhislife.

3.Withoutcomparisonwiththetranslatedversion,aretherewordsstillrecognizabletoyouintheoriginalMiddleEnglishversion?

AlthoughthewordsusedinTheCanterburyTalesareMiddleEnglish,toamodernreader,theyarenotentirelyunrecognizable.SomeofthevocabulariesaremuchsimilartoModernEnglish,therefore,inmostcases,readerscanguessandtheninterpretthemeaningofthesewords,i.e.,droghteisequivalenttodrought,licourisequivalenttoliquorandsoon.

Unit2WilliamShakespeare

Hamlet：

1.Whysleepissofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?

Nobodycanpredictwhathewilldreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygotoanunknownworldandyoucan’tcomeback.Ifhedies,Hamletcan'trealizehiswill.Though“sleep”canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmind.Hamletdidn’tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”.Hecan’tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.

2.Whywouldpeopleratherhearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadchoosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?

Deathissomysteriousthatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebittersufferings,greatpains,heartbreakingstories…

3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?

Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.

1）Conscienceandover-considerations.

2）Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn’tknowhow;

3）Hewantstokillhisuncle,butfindittoorisky;

4）Helivesindespairandwantstocommitsuicide,

5）However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthisfather’sghost.Heisinfaceofgreatdilemma.

RomeoandJuliet:

1.WhatdoesRomeocompareJuliettointhebeginningpassageoftheselection?

Sun

2.WhatisRomeoandJuliet’sattitudetowardbeingaMontagueoraCapulet?

Theywouldgiveuptheirnamesforlove’ssake.

3.WhatdoesRomeomeanwhenhesays“Lookthoubutsweet,/AndIamproofagainsttheirenmity”?

Onlyifyouarekindtome,theirhatredcannothurtme.

Sonnet18:

1.Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?

Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?

"Thisquestioniscomparing“thee”tothesummertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealsodedicatedtosimilarcomparisonsbetweenthebelovedandsummerdays.Thepoetanswersthequestionbysayingthat"thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate"thansummer.Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatsheistoliveforeverinthissonnet.

2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautiful（fair）thansummerandimmortal?

Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:

“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

”Thenhegivesananswer,“Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.”Ontheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;”ontheotherhand,“Sometimetoohottheheavenshines,andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.”Sofromtheabovetwoaspectsthepoetthinksthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer.Inaddition,“Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,bychance,ornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed.”Comparedwithimmortal,“Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st,norshalldeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,whenineternallinestotimesthougrow’st.”Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:

“Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.”Inthispoem,thepoetmakes“thou”morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhisbeautifullines.Sointhiscase,“thou”inthepoemcanberegardedasfemalebecauselovecanmakebeautyeternal.Or“thou”canbereferredtomale,forfriendshipcanmakebeautyeverlasting.Even“thou”canbeabstract“love”or“beauty”whichwillbecomeeternalinthewonderfulpoem.

Thepoetthinksthateverysummerisgoingtofadeandgoaway,whereasthouwillalwaysbebeautifulandlovely.

Unit3FrancisBacon

OfMarriageandSingleLife:

1.Ismarriageanimpedimentorhelptoone’scareerdevelopment?

IntheeasyOfMarriageandSinglelife,Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Hethinks“unmarriedmenarebestfriends;bestmasters;bestservants;butnotalwaysbestsubjects;fortheyarelighttorunaway;andalmostallfugitivesareofthatcondition”,“Wivesareyoungmen’smistresses;companionsformiddleage;andoldmen’snurses”.

Ihavetosayhiswordscanstillbetruetoday.Theabilitytoloveandbelovedisthemostpreciousofgiftsgiventoman,whichshouldbehighlytreasured.Familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthem,allofwhicharethesametowomen.Allthesequalitiesarevitaltoanyone’scareer.Whenyouworkbackhome,wifeorhusbandisalwaysthelistenertoyou,sonthewarmhearttoyou.Spouseshelpeachotherandsupporteachother;familyistheharborforsoul.Thusithelpsone’scareerdevelopment.

2.Inwhatsensearewifeandchildren“akindofdisciplineofhumanity”?

Abachelor’slifefocusisbuthimself,sohewillspendalotofmoneyoneverythingthatfeastshiseyeswithouthesitation.What’smore,heislikelytohaveagoatanyrisksthatmakehimfeelexcitingandfreshforbeingfreefromanyburden.

However,amarriedmanalwaystendstothinktwicebeforemakinganimportantdecisioninordertopreventbringinganyharmtohisfamily.Heshouldhavethemotivationtoworkhardtofulfillwifeandchildren’sexpectation.Asaresult,familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,andberesponsibleforthem.Alovinghusbandandaqualifiedfathercancontributethegreatestmeritforthepublictoalargeextent.

3.Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Doyoufindhisargumentsconvincing?

Ithinkhisargumentsareconvincing.Bacon’sbasicideaisthatmarriageisgoodtobothindividualandsociety.Hisanalysisistakenstepbystep.Atfirst,asinglemanthinksjusttoliveasinglelifecanhemakesomegreatcontributionstothesociety.Butasinglepersononlycaresabouthimself,andhedoesn’tpayattentiontothefuture,whichisveryunwise.Singlelifecouldalsomakeamantobeserioustohisfreedom.Onthecontrary,marriagemakesamanberesponsible,tender,enthusiasticandwarm-hearted.Astheauthorsaying:

“wivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses”.Itmeansthatwhenamanisyoung,wifetalksaboutlovewithhim,whenhecomestomiddleage,wifealwaysstaywithhimasacompanion,whenhebecomesold,wifewilltakecareofhimtilltheendoftime.Eventhoughawifemarriesabadhusband,marriageoffersagoodchanceforhusbandtocorrectthemselves.

Thewholeessay’smainpointisveryobvious,authortellsfromtwoaspects.Firstly,hesayshowbaditistobeasingleman.Secondly,hetellsalotofadvantagesofbeingmarried.Eachaspecthasenoughproof.AtBacon’speriod,hisargumentsmaybemoreconvincingthannowadays.

OfStudies:

1.Wearenowlivingintheageof“informationexplosion”.WhatlessonscanwelearnfromBacon’s“OfStudies”inouraccesstoinformation?

AccordingtoBacon,thegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshalingofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Thatistosay,rightdecisionsandjudgmentsoverimportantmattersarebaseduponcomprehensiveknowledgewhichisacquiredbystudies.Withoutawiderangeofknowledge,apersoncannotdigestinformation,analyzeinformationandtaketimelymeasuresaccordingly.

2.Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?

AsfarasI’mconcerned,readingcanmakeafullman,cancultivateaman,andcanmakeamanmoveforwardinthewayheunderstandtheviewoftheworld,thelifeandthevalue.Afullmanshouldhaveapositiveworldviewandadoptanactivephilosophyoflife,whichareusuallybasedonabalancedknowledgestructure.FromFrancisBacon’sOfStudies,Iknowthattheessaynotonlyintroducesthemethodsofreadingbooksanddiscussesthepurposesandfunctionsofreading,butalsoanalyzesthedifferentattitudesofthepeoplewhoarereadingbooks.Mostimportantly,wecanknowhowtobeafullmanfromreading.

Readingcanenlargeourknowledgeindifferentfields.FromOfStudies,studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Itmeansthatstudiescanmakepeoplehappy,wise,increasingknowledge.Ifwereadallkindsofbooks,weareabletotastewhatmightnothappentousinreallife,andthenaskourselves