最新中考宾语从句语法.docx

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最新中考宾语从句语法.docx

最新中考宾语从句语法

中考宾语从句语法

分析河北省近6年真题可知,河北中考对宾语从句的考查侧重引导词、语序、时态。

1、Definition(定义):

宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号隔开。

如:

Iwanttoknowwhattimeyougothere.我想知道你几点钟到的。

2、ThreeKeyPointsofObjectClause(宾语从句三大要点)

(1)TheLeadingWords(引导词)

引导词用法

示例

1、that引导,本身无意义,只是起到连接的作用,通常可以省略。

Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheseaside.

2、连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom等),在从句中作一定的成分,如:

主语、宾语、定语等

Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.(what在从句当中作宾语)

Heaskedmewhosebookitwas.(whose在从句当中作定语)

3、连接副词(when/where/why/how等),在从句当中作状语

Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?

Heexplainedhowthesystemworked.

4、if/whether,意为“是否”,不作句子的成分,不可省略,多数情况下可以互换。

(注意:

只能用whether的情况:

①句末有or或者ornot时只用whether。

②在介词之后作介词的宾语时只能用whether。

③作discuss后面的宾语时,只能用whether)

Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldgotohishouse.

Iwonderwhetherhehasasisterorabrother.

HeaskedmewhetherMissGaowasateacherornot.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurthisfeelings.

Wearediscussingwhetherweshouldhaveaclassmeeting.

(2)TheWordOrderofObjectClause(宾语从句的语序)

宾语从句当中一律使用陈述语序,即主句+连词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他,如:

Couldyoutellmewhattheyaredoing?

(注意:

①当宾语从句是以下特例时,语序不变!

宾语从句

特例

What’swrongwithyou?

Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.

What’sthematter?

Iwanttoknowwhat’sthematter.

What’syourtrouble?

Iwanttoknowwhat’syourtrouble.

Whatishappening?

Iwanttoknowwhatishappening.

②宾语从句否定前移:

当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,宾语从句的否定意义要放在主句中,如:

Idon’tthinkyouareright.)

(三)TenseofObjectClause(宾语从句的时态)

1、当主句是一般现在时时,宾语从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态

IhearJoeleftforBeijingyesterday.

Ihopeyou’llcometomorrow.

2、当主语是一般现在时时,从句使用过去的某种时态,如一般过去时;过去进行时;过去将来时;过去完成时等

Katesaidthatshewasdoingherhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.

Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.

3、从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句什么时态,从句都用一般现在时态。

Ourteachersaidthatthelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.

补充:

一、DisjunctiveQuestionsofObjectClause(宾语从句的反意疑问句)

1、当主句为I/we(主句必须是第一人称)think/believe/suppose时,后面若是接反意疑问句时,那么反意疑问句当中的主语和谓语应当与从句当中的主谓保持一致。

如:

Idon’tthinkshelookslikeherfather,doseshe?

2、其他情况下的主从复合句的反意疑问句完全取决于主句。

如:

hedidn’tknowifhisfatherwouldcomebackfromAmerica,didhe?

/hethinksheisright,doesn’the?

二、疑问词+动词不定式

“疑问句+动词不定式”结构当中疑问词,包括疑问代词what,which和疑问副词how,when,where等,这些疑问词和不定式构成了不定式短语,可以在句中作主语,宾语,表语等,如:

IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglishwell.

“疑问句+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化成宾语从句。

如:

everyoneshouldknowhowtodealwithsomethingunexpected.=everyoneshouldknowhowtheycandealwithsomethingunexpected.每个人都应该知道如何处理一些难以预料的事情。

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1.阅读下列材料,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳选项。

D

    Oneyear,acollegeintheUnitedStatesannouncedthatitwouldofferalotofmoneyforthepurewhitemarigold(金盏花).Thehighrewardattractedsomanypeople,butinthenature,besidesgolden,themarigoldisbrown,anditisnoteasytogetthewhiteone.Soaftertheywereexcitedforatime,manypeoplehadforgottentheannouncement.

   Onenormaldayafter20years,thecollegereceivedaletterand100seedsofpurewhitemarigold.Itwasanoldwomanofover70yearsold.Someexpertsinthecollegedoubtedit,butinordernottoletherdown,thoseseedsfinallytookroot(根)intheearth.Themiracleappearedafteroneyear;thefieldwascoveredbypurewhitemarigold.

    Therefore,theoldwomanwhowasalwaysunknowntothepublicbecameanewfocus.

    Theoldwomanwasaflower-lover.Whenshereadtheannouncement20yearsago,shegotveryexcitedlikeothers.Buthereightchildrenweretotallyagainstherdecision.Afterall,awomanwhoneverknewtheseedgenetics(遗传学)couldn'tcompletewhattheexpertscouldneverdo,soherthoughtwasonlyadaydream.

    Still,theoldwomandidn'tchangehermindandwentonworking.Sheplantedsomeofthemostcommonseedsandtookgoodcareofthem.Ayearlater,whenthemarigoldcameout,shechoseonefaintest(最暗淡的)fromthosegoldenandbrownflowersandgotthebestseed.Thenextyear,sheagaingrewthemandchose...Dayafterday,yearafteryear,throughmanyseasons,theoldwoman'shusbanddied,herchildrenflewfar,alotofthingshappenedinherlife,butonlythewishtogrowthepurewhitemarigoldtookrootinherheart.

    Finally,after20yearsonthedayweallknow,inthegardenshesawamarigold,whichwasnearlywhite,butaswhiteassilverorsnow.

    Aproblemevenexpertscouldn'tdealwithwassolvedbyanoldwomanwhodidn'tunderstandgenetics.Wasitamiracle(奇迹)?

    Totakerootintheheart,eventhemostcommonseed,cangrowintoamiracle!

(1)Accordingtothepassage,_____marigoldisunusual.

A. white                                

B. purple                                

C. brown                                

D. golden

(2)Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______.

A. thechildrendidn'tagreeontheirmother'sdecision

B. thewomanneededthegreatrewardforherbigfamily

C. theexpertsalsosucceededingrowingthewhitemarigold

D. thewomantookgoodcareoftheflowersinsteadofherfamily

(3)Thewomansuccessfullygrewthewhitemarigoldatlastbecauseshe______.

A. wasluckierthanexperts                                  

B. putherheartintoflowers

C. gotsupportfromherfamily                            D. studiedtheseedgeneticswell

(4)Thepassagemainlytalksabout_______.

A. thedifficultiesofgettingthewhitemarigold     

B. thepossibilityofgoingbeyondexperts

C. theunforgettabledevelopmentofmarigold      

D. theimportanceofholdingontodreams

【答案】

(1)A

(2)A

(3)B

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文通过一个70多岁的老妇人历时20年终于培育出纯白色金盏花的故事告诉我们,只要坚守希望和梦想,奇迹就会发生。

⑴推理判断。

white白色;purple紫色;brown棕色;golden金色。

根据第一段butinthenature,besidesgolden,themarigoldisbrown,anditisnoteasytogetthewhiteone可知自然界中除了金色的金盏花之外只有棕色的,找到白色的很难。

故选A。

⑵细节理解。

根据第四段Buthereightchildrenweretotallyagainstherdecision可知她的八个孩子完全反对她的决定。

故选A。

⑶推理判断。

根据第五段butonlythewishtogrowthepurewhitemarigoldtookrootinherheart可知只有种出纯白色金盏花的希望在她心里扎下根。

故选B。

⑷主旨大意。

本文通过一个20年的努力终于种出了白色金盏花的事说明只要坚守希望和梦想,奇迹就会发生。

故选D。

【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力,答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词,在文章中寻找答案。

2.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的几个选项中,选出最佳选项。

   Whatsubjectdoyouworryaboutthemostatschool?

Manystudentsworryaboutmath.Somestudentscan'tsleepwellthedaybeforeamathexam.Othersmayfeelverynervousduringtheexamitself.Buttheremightbeawaytomakethesubjectlessstressful(压力大的).

   "Forpeoplewhoareworriedaboutmath,posture(姿势)makesabigdifference,"ErikPaperfromSanFranciscoStateUniversitytoldtheDailyMail.That'sright–sittingupstraightcanhelpyoudobetteronmathexams.

   Scientiststested125collegestudents.Theyaskedthemtodoasimplemathexamwhilesittinginaslumped-over(趴倒的)posture,orsittingupstraight.Afterthetest,56percentofstudentssaidtheexamwaseasiertodoiftheyweresittingupstraight.

   Slumpingoverisadefensive(戒备的)posture.Itcanbringaboutbadmemoriesinthebodyandbrain.Thiscanstopyoufromthinkingclearly,Papersaid.

   Studentswhowerenotnervousabouttakingthemathexamdidnotnecessarilybenefit(受益)frombetterposture.Buttheydidfindthatdoingmathwhileslumpedoverwasmoredifficult,ScienceDailyreported.

   Goodpostureisn'tjusthelpfulfortakingmathexams.Sportspeople,musiciansandpublicspeakerscanallbenefitfrombetterposture.Whenyoufeelstressedout,youcanalsotrytositupstraightorstandtall.Itcanhelpyoufeelmorecertainandfocusbetter.

(1)Whatposturecanmakepeoplefeellessstressedduringmathexams?

A. Sittingupstraight.                                           

B. Hangingyourhead.

C. Lyingonyourback.                                          D. Raisingonehand.

(2)Whatdidthescientistsaskthecollegestudentstododuringthetest?

A. Todosit-ups.                                                    

B. Tocountnumbers.

C. Tothinkcarefully.                                             

D. Tositindifferentpostures.

(3)Howmanystudentsinthetestbenefitedfromthebetterposture?

A. Allthe125students.                                        

B. Lessthanhalfofthem.

C. 56percentofthem.                                          D. Noneofthestudents.

(4)Thefourthparagraphiswrittentoexplain    .

A. whyslumpingovermakesexamshardertodo

B. whyslumpingoverisbadforone'shealth

C. whysomepeopleslumpoverduringexams

D. whypeoplearenervousduringmathexams

(5)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A. SlumpovertoTakeExams                               

B. SituptoDoMath

C. BetterPostureforNervousStudents               D. GoodAdviceforBetterExams

【答案】

(1)A

(2)D

(3)C

(4)A

(5)B

【解析】【分析】本文介绍 姿势不仅有助于参加数学考试。

运动员、音乐家和演说家都可以从更好的姿势中受益。

当你感到压力大的时候,你也可以试着坐直或者站直。

它可以帮助你更确定,更专注。

(1)细节题。

根据Forpeoplewhoareworriedaboutmath,posture(姿势)makesabigdifference和That'sright–sittingupstraightcanhelpyoudobetteronmathexams.可知坐直可以让人们在数学考试中感觉压力更小,故选A。

(2)推理题。

根据Theyaskedthemtodoasimplemathexamwhilesittinginaslumped-over(趴倒的)posture,orsittingupstraight. 可知科学家在测试中要求大学生以不同的姿势坐着,故选D。

(3)细节题。

根据Afterthetest,56percentofstudentssaidtheexamwaseasiertodoiftheyweresittingupstraight可知56%的参加测试的学生从更好的姿势中受益,故选C。

(4)主旨题。

根据 Slumpingoverisadefensive(戒备的)posture.Itcanbringaboutbadmemoriesinthebodyandbrain.Thiscanstopyoufromthinkingclearly,可知第四段是用来解释为什么睡懒觉会让考试变得更难,故选A。

(5)主旨题。

根据本文教室里姿势有助于参加数学考试和theexamwaseasiertodoiftheyweresittingupstraight,可知标题适合是 SituptoDoMath坐起来做数学,故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题,和主旨题,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息,主旨题需要通读全文,了解大意之后找出中心思想。

3.阅读材料,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

   ABritishmanhaslearnedtheskillsneededtoperformBeijingOpera,makingtheaudience(观众)e

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