最新中考宾语从句语法.docx
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最新中考宾语从句语法
中考宾语从句语法
分析河北省近6年真题可知,河北中考对宾语从句的考查侧重引导词、语序、时态。
1、Definition(定义):
宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号隔开。
如:
Iwanttoknowwhattimeyougothere.我想知道你几点钟到的。
2、ThreeKeyPointsofObjectClause(宾语从句三大要点)
(1)TheLeadingWords(引导词)
引导词用法
示例
1、that引导,本身无意义,只是起到连接的作用,通常可以省略。
Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheseaside.
2、连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom等),在从句中作一定的成分,如:
主语、宾语、定语等
Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.(what在从句当中作宾语)
Heaskedmewhosebookitwas.(whose在从句当中作定语)
3、连接副词(when/where/why/how等),在从句当中作状语
Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?
Heexplainedhowthesystemworked.
4、if/whether,意为“是否”,不作句子的成分,不可省略,多数情况下可以互换。
(注意:
只能用whether的情况:
①句末有or或者ornot时只用whether。
②在介词之后作介词的宾语时只能用whether。
③作discuss后面的宾语时,只能用whether)
Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldgotohishouse.
Iwonderwhetherhehasasisterorabrother.
HeaskedmewhetherMissGaowasateacherornot.
IworryaboutwhetherIhurthisfeelings.
Wearediscussingwhetherweshouldhaveaclassmeeting.
(2)TheWordOrderofObjectClause(宾语从句的语序)
宾语从句当中一律使用陈述语序,即主句+连词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他,如:
Couldyoutellmewhattheyaredoing?
(注意:
①当宾语从句是以下特例时,语序不变!
宾语从句
特例
What’swrongwithyou?
Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.
What’sthematter?
Iwanttoknowwhat’sthematter.
What’syourtrouble?
Iwanttoknowwhat’syourtrouble.
Whatishappening?
Iwanttoknowwhatishappening.
②宾语从句否定前移:
当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,宾语从句的否定意义要放在主句中,如:
Idon’tthinkyouareright.)
(三)TenseofObjectClause(宾语从句的时态)
1、当主句是一般现在时时,宾语从句可以根据实际情况使用各种时态
IhearJoeleftforBeijingyesterday.
Ihopeyou’llcometomorrow.
2、当主语是一般现在时时,从句使用过去的某种时态,如一般过去时;过去进行时;过去将来时;过去完成时等
Katesaidthatshewasdoingherhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.
Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.
3、从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句什么时态,从句都用一般现在时态。
Ourteachersaidthatthelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.
补充:
一、DisjunctiveQuestionsofObjectClause(宾语从句的反意疑问句)
1、当主句为I/we(主句必须是第一人称)think/believe/suppose时,后面若是接反意疑问句时,那么反意疑问句当中的主语和谓语应当与从句当中的主谓保持一致。
如:
Idon’tthinkshelookslikeherfather,doseshe?
2、其他情况下的主从复合句的反意疑问句完全取决于主句。
如:
hedidn’tknowifhisfatherwouldcomebackfromAmerica,didhe?
/hethinksheisright,doesn’the?
二、疑问词+动词不定式
“疑问句+动词不定式”结构当中疑问词,包括疑问代词what,which和疑问副词how,when,where等,这些疑问词和不定式构成了不定式短语,可以在句中作主语,宾语,表语等,如:
IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglishwell.
“疑问句+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化成宾语从句。
如:
everyoneshouldknowhowtodealwithsomethingunexpected.=everyoneshouldknowhowtheycandealwithsomethingunexpected.每个人都应该知道如何处理一些难以预料的事情。
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1.阅读下列材料,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳选项。
D
Oneyear,acollegeintheUnitedStatesannouncedthatitwouldofferalotofmoneyforthepurewhitemarigold(金盏花).Thehighrewardattractedsomanypeople,butinthenature,besidesgolden,themarigoldisbrown,anditisnoteasytogetthewhiteone.Soaftertheywereexcitedforatime,manypeoplehadforgottentheannouncement.
Onenormaldayafter20years,thecollegereceivedaletterand100seedsofpurewhitemarigold.Itwasanoldwomanofover70yearsold.Someexpertsinthecollegedoubtedit,butinordernottoletherdown,thoseseedsfinallytookroot(根)intheearth.Themiracleappearedafteroneyear;thefieldwascoveredbypurewhitemarigold.
Therefore,theoldwomanwhowasalwaysunknowntothepublicbecameanewfocus.
Theoldwomanwasaflower-lover.Whenshereadtheannouncement20yearsago,shegotveryexcitedlikeothers.Buthereightchildrenweretotallyagainstherdecision.Afterall,awomanwhoneverknewtheseedgenetics(遗传学)couldn'tcompletewhattheexpertscouldneverdo,soherthoughtwasonlyadaydream.
Still,theoldwomandidn'tchangehermindandwentonworking.Sheplantedsomeofthemostcommonseedsandtookgoodcareofthem.Ayearlater,whenthemarigoldcameout,shechoseonefaintest(最暗淡的)fromthosegoldenandbrownflowersandgotthebestseed.Thenextyear,sheagaingrewthemandchose...Dayafterday,yearafteryear,throughmanyseasons,theoldwoman'shusbanddied,herchildrenflewfar,alotofthingshappenedinherlife,butonlythewishtogrowthepurewhitemarigoldtookrootinherheart.
Finally,after20yearsonthedayweallknow,inthegardenshesawamarigold,whichwasnearlywhite,butaswhiteassilverorsnow.
Aproblemevenexpertscouldn'tdealwithwassolvedbyanoldwomanwhodidn'tunderstandgenetics.Wasitamiracle(奇迹)?
Totakerootintheheart,eventhemostcommonseed,cangrowintoamiracle!
(1)Accordingtothepassage,_____marigoldisunusual.
A. white
B. purple
C. brown
D. golden
(2)Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______.
A. thechildrendidn'tagreeontheirmother'sdecision
B. thewomanneededthegreatrewardforherbigfamily
C. theexpertsalsosucceededingrowingthewhitemarigold
D. thewomantookgoodcareoftheflowersinsteadofherfamily
(3)Thewomansuccessfullygrewthewhitemarigoldatlastbecauseshe______.
A. wasluckierthanexperts
B. putherheartintoflowers
C. gotsupportfromherfamily D. studiedtheseedgeneticswell
(4)Thepassagemainlytalksabout_______.
A. thedifficultiesofgettingthewhitemarigold
B. thepossibilityofgoingbeyondexperts
C. theunforgettabledevelopmentofmarigold
D. theimportanceofholdingontodreams
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文通过一个70多岁的老妇人历时20年终于培育出纯白色金盏花的故事告诉我们,只要坚守希望和梦想,奇迹就会发生。
⑴推理判断。
white白色;purple紫色;brown棕色;golden金色。
根据第一段butinthenature,besidesgolden,themarigoldisbrown,anditisnoteasytogetthewhiteone可知自然界中除了金色的金盏花之外只有棕色的,找到白色的很难。
故选A。
⑵细节理解。
根据第四段Buthereightchildrenweretotallyagainstherdecision可知她的八个孩子完全反对她的决定。
故选A。
⑶推理判断。
根据第五段butonlythewishtogrowthepurewhitemarigoldtookrootinherheart可知只有种出纯白色金盏花的希望在她心里扎下根。
故选B。
⑷主旨大意。
本文通过一个20年的努力终于种出了白色金盏花的事说明只要坚守希望和梦想,奇迹就会发生。
故选D。
【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力,答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词,在文章中寻找答案。
2.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的几个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Whatsubjectdoyouworryaboutthemostatschool?
Manystudentsworryaboutmath.Somestudentscan'tsleepwellthedaybeforeamathexam.Othersmayfeelverynervousduringtheexamitself.Buttheremightbeawaytomakethesubjectlessstressful(压力大的).
"Forpeoplewhoareworriedaboutmath,posture(姿势)makesabigdifference,"ErikPaperfromSanFranciscoStateUniversitytoldtheDailyMail.That'sright–sittingupstraightcanhelpyoudobetteronmathexams.
Scientiststested125collegestudents.Theyaskedthemtodoasimplemathexamwhilesittinginaslumped-over(趴倒的)posture,orsittingupstraight.Afterthetest,56percentofstudentssaidtheexamwaseasiertodoiftheyweresittingupstraight.
Slumpingoverisadefensive(戒备的)posture.Itcanbringaboutbadmemoriesinthebodyandbrain.Thiscanstopyoufromthinkingclearly,Papersaid.
Studentswhowerenotnervousabouttakingthemathexamdidnotnecessarilybenefit(受益)frombetterposture.Buttheydidfindthatdoingmathwhileslumpedoverwasmoredifficult,ScienceDailyreported.
Goodpostureisn'tjusthelpfulfortakingmathexams.Sportspeople,musiciansandpublicspeakerscanallbenefitfrombetterposture.Whenyoufeelstressedout,youcanalsotrytositupstraightorstandtall.Itcanhelpyoufeelmorecertainandfocusbetter.
(1)Whatposturecanmakepeoplefeellessstressedduringmathexams?
A. Sittingupstraight.
B. Hangingyourhead.
C. Lyingonyourback. D. Raisingonehand.
(2)Whatdidthescientistsaskthecollegestudentstododuringthetest?
A. Todosit-ups.
B. Tocountnumbers.
C. Tothinkcarefully.
D. Tositindifferentpostures.
(3)Howmanystudentsinthetestbenefitedfromthebetterposture?
A. Allthe125students.
B. Lessthanhalfofthem.
C. 56percentofthem. D. Noneofthestudents.
(4)Thefourthparagraphiswrittentoexplain .
A. whyslumpingovermakesexamshardertodo
B. whyslumpingoverisbadforone'shealth
C. whysomepeopleslumpoverduringexams
D. whypeoplearenervousduringmathexams
(5)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A. SlumpovertoTakeExams
B. SituptoDoMath
C. BetterPostureforNervousStudents D. GoodAdviceforBetterExams
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
(5)B
【解析】【分析】本文介绍 姿势不仅有助于参加数学考试。
运动员、音乐家和演说家都可以从更好的姿势中受益。
当你感到压力大的时候,你也可以试着坐直或者站直。
它可以帮助你更确定,更专注。
(1)细节题。
根据Forpeoplewhoareworriedaboutmath,posture(姿势)makesabigdifference和That'sright–sittingupstraightcanhelpyoudobetteronmathexams.可知坐直可以让人们在数学考试中感觉压力更小,故选A。
(2)推理题。
根据Theyaskedthemtodoasimplemathexamwhilesittinginaslumped-over(趴倒的)posture,orsittingupstraight. 可知科学家在测试中要求大学生以不同的姿势坐着,故选D。
(3)细节题。
根据Afterthetest,56percentofstudentssaidtheexamwaseasiertodoiftheyweresittingupstraight可知56%的参加测试的学生从更好的姿势中受益,故选C。
(4)主旨题。
根据 Slumpingoverisadefensive(戒备的)posture.Itcanbringaboutbadmemoriesinthebodyandbrain.Thiscanstopyoufromthinkingclearly,可知第四段是用来解释为什么睡懒觉会让考试变得更难,故选A。
(5)主旨题。
根据本文教室里姿势有助于参加数学考试和theexamwaseasiertodoiftheyweresittingupstraight,可知标题适合是 SituptoDoMath坐起来做数学,故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节题、推断题,和主旨题,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息,主旨题需要通读全文,了解大意之后找出中心思想。
3.阅读材料,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
ABritishmanhaslearnedtheskillsneededtoperformBeijingOpera,makingtheaudience(观众)e