英语本科毕业论文《麦田里的守望者》主人公心理分析.docx

英语本科毕业论文《麦田里的守望者》主人公心理分析.docx

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英语本科毕业论文《麦田里的守望者》主人公心理分析

AnAnalysisoftheProtagonist'sPsychologyofTheCatcherintheRye

学院、专业外国语学院、英语

研究方向美国文学

学生姓名

学号

指导教师姓名

指导教师职称讲师

2011年10月16日

Acknowledgements

HereinIwouldliketoexpressmydeepestthankstomysupervisor,Mrs.weiyun,forherinsightfulviewsonhowthisthesisshouldbeconstructed,andforherprovidingmewithtimelyfeedback,carefulmodificationandencouragementthatareveryhelpfulforwritingthethesis.Withoutherhelp,thisthesiswouldhavebeenimpossible.Mrs.wei’spassioninthisfieldisnever-ceasingandinspiring.Fromher,Ihavemorecloselyexperiencedwhatthevirtueslikeintegrityanddevotionmeanforatruescholar.

Ishouldexpressmygratitudetomyfamiliesandclassmates.IthankthemfortheirencouragementwhenIfeltfrustratedintheprocessofwritingthethesis,andfortheirsuggestionsandsupports.

TheAnalysisofProtagonist'sPsychologyoftheCatcherintheRye

Abstract:

Asoneofthefamous“reclusivewriters”intheUnitedStates,JeromeDavidSalingergetshighreputationafterWorldWarⅡ.HisonlynovelTheCatcherintheRyeisregardedasa“modernclassic”inpost-warAmericanliterature.Hisworksmakehimarepresentativeofnovelsofanewkind.Hisworksarebothmysteriousandseriouswiththeirowncharacteristicstyle.Salinger'sworksreflecttheinnerconflictsofAmericanadolescentsafterWorldWarⅡandhavegreatinfluencesonAmericans.

Thestorytoldbysixteen-year-oldHoldenCaulfield,theheroandnarratorofthenovel,isfacusedonwhatHoldenhasexperiencedinhisthree-dayvagabondlifeinNewYorkafterheisexpelledfromPencyPreparoundChristmasforhisbadgrades.IplantoregardHoldenCanlfieldastheportrayalofAmericanadolescents,andtrytoexploreHolden'sinnerworld.TheinnercontradictionsandconflictsarethetypicalcharacteristicsofprotagonistHoldenintheCatcherintheRye.Becauseofhisinnercontradictionsandconflicts,thisnovelhasbecometheage-oldriddleoftheliteraryworldinthetwentiethcentury.IplantoexplainHolden'spsychologyfromhissurroundings,includinghisschool,hisfamily,thesociety.AndIcanalsorevealHolden'sinnerworldbytheredhuntinghatandtheduck.ThroughexploringtheprotagonistHolden'sinnerworldtorevealthepost-warsocietyofUnitedStatesandthepeoplewholackofideal,depression,onlypursuemateriallife.Hence,”thedepressedgeneration”appears.

Keywords:

HoldenCaulfield,innercontradictionsandconflicts,thedepressedgeneration,psychology,protagonist

《麦田里的守望者》主人公心理分析

摘要：

杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格（JeromeDavidSalinger）是美国著名“遁世”作家之一，他迄今为止发表的唯一一部小说《麦田里的守望者》在美国战后文学中被誉为“现代经典”；他的作品使他被公认为战后另一类型小说的代表人物，具有严肃，自由而又趋于神秘主义的独特写作风格。

他的作品集中反映了五十年代美国青少年那种对社会事物既不能撒手不管，又不愿参与的矛盾心理，从不同角度对社会的各个方面提出了批评，在美国有广泛影响。

小说主人公，十六岁的霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德以自述的形式回忆了他因成绩太差而在圣诞节前夕被潘西中学开除后在纽约三天的流浪式生活的经历。

本文把霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德作为美国青年的写照，探究霍尔顿的内心世界。

内心的矛盾与冲突是小说《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德的典型特征。

因其内心世界的复杂与矛盾，使得这部小说成为二十世纪文学界的难解之谜。

本文从霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德的周边环境，包括学校，家庭，社会来分析霍尔顿内心的矛盾与冲突，并且还从小说中红色猎人帽和鸭子的象征意义来揭示霍尔顿的内心世界。

通过探究主人公霍尔顿的内心世界来传递二战后美国的社会，以及当时人们缺乏理想，意志消沉，只追求物质生活的时代。

于是，“垮掉的一代”便出现了。

关键词：

霍尔顿，内心矛盾和冲突，垮掉的一代，心理，主人公

TableofContents

Chapter1.Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.1thebriefintroductionofJ.D.Salingerandhisworks----------------------------

1.2theliteraturereview----responsestoTheCatcherintheRye--------

1.3papercontext---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter2.FromHolden'ssurroundingstoseehispsychology-----------------------------

2.1Holdenandhisschool---------------------------------------------------------------

2.2Holdenandhisfamily---------------------------------------------------------------

2.3Holdenandthesociety--------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter3.FromHolden'sredhuntinghatandtheducktoseeHolden'spsychology---

3.1Holdenandhisredhuntinghat-------------------------------------------------------

3.2Holdenandtheduck-----------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter4.Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------

References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TheAnalysisofProtagonist'sPsychologyoftheCatcherintheRye

Chapter1Introduction

1,1ThebriefintroductionofJ.D.Salingerandhisworks

JeromeDavidwasbornonJanuary1st,1919toawell-to-domerchantfamilyinNewYorkCity.HisfatherwasaJewishimporterofEuropeanhams.Hismotherwasagentile---Scotch-Inish.Salinger'sonlysibling,Doris,waseightyearsolderthanhe.From1932to1934,SalingerreceivedhiseducationinbothpublicandprivateschoolsinManhattan.Whenhewas15,hewassenttoamilitaryacademy,ValleyForgeMilitaryAcademyinPennsylvania,wherehegothisonlydiplomainhislife.In1940,Salingerpublishedhisfirstshortstory,TheYoungFolksinStrayandTheUniversityofKansasCityReviewwaspublishedlaterinthesameyear.AttheendofWorldWarⅡ,SalingerwasdischargedfromthearmyandremainedinEurope,workingasacivilianfortheDepartmentofDefenseuntilMay1946,whenhereturnedtoNewYorkCity.Heneverstoppedwritingandpublishinghisworks.

In1951,SalingerpublishedTheCatcherintheRyeafterworkingonitadecade.Whenitwaspublished,itwassoonadestseller,peakingatnumber4ontheNewYorkTimesbest-sellerlistforthelasthalfof1951.Salingerhimselfremainedfrom1951to1963themostpopularAmericanFictionwriteramongserioushighschoolandcollegestudents.AsdescribedbySanfordPinsker,thebook“madethecollegecircuit,passingfromoneundergraduate'shandstoanothers…movedinexorablyfrombeingmerelyanoveltobecomingageneration'setiquettebook,andsometimesitsbible…Salinger’snamecametodominatedormitorybullsessionandtobespokenofintheworshipfultonesoncereservedforHemingway”（Pinskster1993;19）By1954thenovelwasnotonlyavailableintranslationinDenmark,Germany,France,Israel,Italy,Sweden,Switzerland,andtheNetherlands;evenmoresignificantly;itwasmadeavailableinpaperbackbytheNewAmericanLibrary.By1961salesofCatcherwerereportedtohavereachedoneandahalfmillioncopiesintheU.S.alone.TheCatcherintheRyeinevitablystandsoutasSalinger'sonlynoveltodate.AnditwasregardedasSalinger'sautobiography.Salingersaid:

“IwasmuchrelievedwhenIfinishedit.MyboyhoodwasverymuchthesameasthatoftheboyinTheCatcherintheRye,anditwasagreattellingpeopleaboutit.”（Blaney1953;1）Thethemeofthenovel,initsbroadestsense,isthedifficultyofgrowingup,thelonelyandhardvoyagefrominnocencetoexperience.

1.2Theliteraturereview-------responsestoTheCatcherintheRye

Asthenovelwaspublished,itwasprevailednotonlyinthehighschoolandcollege,butinthescholarsofdomesticandoverseas.ManyscholarsbegantoresearchandhaveadebateonTheCatcherintheRye.Firstly,manydomesticscholarshaveresearchedthenovel.ShiXianrongfirsttranslatedTheCatcherintheRyeintoChinesein1960sascriticalmaterailandrestrictedpublication.In1983,theLijiangPresspublishedtheChineseversiontranslatedbyShiXianrong.Andin2007,anotherChineseversionofTheCatcherintheRyetranslatedbySunZhongxu,andthispublishedinYilinPress.TheCatcherinthrRyeisregardedasoneofthebooksofrealismcriticizingbyhypocrisy,indulgence,profanityandcrueltyofAmericansociety.Forexample,ZhuJing'sTheCatcherintheRyeField:

TheModernClassicRebellingPedantryandSham[JilinUniversityJournal（SocialSciencesEdition）,2002,04]LiaoLeichao'sAStoryDog——AnAnalysisontheSpiritualCrisisoftheProtagonistintheCatcherintheRyeputshisaimatthespiritualworldofHoldenCaulfield.[2009年人文社会科学专辑，第35卷，NO.2009,Vol35]Asforthetheme,ZhangYuxiao,inThePuzzleofLifeontheEdgeofCliff:

ontheSocialTThemeoftheCatcherintheRyebySalinger[JournalofShengyangNormalUniversitySocialSciencesEdition,2003,01]thinksthatthisnovelvividlyreproducedthementalstateofthepostwarAmericanyouth:

enjoyinganabundantmateriallife.

Secondly,alsomanyforeignscholarshaveresearchedthenovel.In1950s,CharlesH·KegelexploredHolden's“questforcommunication”,notingtheimpedimentstothisquestinparticularthephoninessthatdestroysrapportbetweencommunications.[Kegel,1957:

188-190]Inlinguisticanalysis,CostellosurveyedHolden'sdictionandfoundthelanguageinnovelauthetic,essentialtoHolden'scharacterization,andanimportant“partofanaristicachievement”[Costello,1959：

172—181]In1960s,manycriticalarticlesandbiographicalmaterialswhichbasedonTheCatcherintheRyeappeared,suchas,WilliamF·Belcher'sandJamesW·Lee'sSalingerandtheCritics[1962]andMarvinMarsden'sIfYouReallyWanttoKown:

aCatcherCasebook[1963]In1970s,psychoanalyticalreadingsbegantoappear,suchas,In“afull-fledgedpsychoanalyticalreading”,BryansawHolden'sprotectinginnocencefromadultcorruptionasa“franticneedtosavehissisterfromhimself.”[Bryan,1974]In1980sand1990s,scholarsemphasizedonpsychoanalysis,culturalrelativityandpolitics.Suchas,EdwinHavilandMiller'sInMemoriam:

AllieCaulfield[1982]MillerconcludedthatAllie'sdeathshapedHolden'sperspectiveontheworldandthathisinabilitytocometotermwiththelossofhisyoungerbrotherrevealshis“seriouspsychologicalproblem.”[Miller,1982]PamelaHuntSteinle'sInColdFear:

TheCatcherintheRyeCensorshipControversiesandPostwarAmericanCharacter[2000]isanexaminationofthecultu