必修一课文.docx

必修一课文.docx

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必修一课文必修一课文普通高中课程标准试验教科书英语必修1Unit1FriendshipUnit2EnglisharoundtheworldUnit3TraveljournalUnit4EarthquakesUnit5NelsonMandela-amodernheroUnit1FriendshipReadingAnnesBestFriendsDoyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?

Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou.orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?

AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWar.HerfamilywasJewishsotheyhadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwastoherdiary.Shesaid,Idontwanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo.But,Iwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.Thursday15theJune,1944DearKittyIwonderifitsbecauseIhaventbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatIvegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky.thesongofthebirdsmoonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.thatschangedsinceIwashere.Forexample,oneeveningwhenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight.Ididntdareopenawindows.Anothertimefivemonthsago.Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididntgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatIdseenthenightfacetoface.SadlyIamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshandingbeforeverydustywindows.Itsnopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.Yours,AnneUnit2EnglisharoundtheworldReadingTHEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample:

BritishBetty:

Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?

AmericanAmy,:

Yes.Idliketocomeuptoyourapartment.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?

Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweeninaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:

firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?

Onlytimewilltell.ReadthepassageandunderlinethetopicsentenceofeachparagraphSTANDARDEHGLISHANDDIALECTSWhatisstandardEnglish?

IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,IndiaandNewZealand?

Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentfromthestandardlanguage,itiscalledadialect.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallytheMidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,twopeoplefromneighbouringtownsspeakalittledifferently.AmericanEnglishhassomanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.SomepeoplewholiveinthemountainsoftheeasternUSAspeakwithanolderkindofEnglishdialect.WhenAmericansmovedfromoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.SopeoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesamedialectaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.TheUSAisalargecountryinwhichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot.they,stillrecognizeandunderstandeachothersdialects.Unit3TraveljournalReadingJOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONPARTITHEDREAMANDTHEPLANMynameisWangKun.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWetandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensivemountainbikeandthenshepersuadedmetobuyone.Lastyear,shevisitedourcousins,DaoWetandYuHangattheircollegeinKunming,TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver.theChinesepartoftheriverthatiscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWeisoongottheminterestedincyclingtoo.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.Iaskedmysister,Wherearewegoing?

ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitIbeginstowhereitends.Nowsheisplanningourscheduleforthetrip.Iamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming.Sitecanbereallystubborn.Althoughshedidntknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,siteinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.NowIknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.Ikeptaskingher,Whenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback?

Iaskedherwhethershehadlookedatamapyet.Ofcourseshehadnt;mysisterdoesntcareaboutdetails.SoItoldherthatthesourceoftheMekongisinQinghaiProvince,Sitegavemeadeterminedlook-thekindthatsaidsitewouldnotchangehermind.WhenItoldherthatourJourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmerethan5,000metres,sheseemedtobeexcitedaboutit.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience,Iknowmysisterwell,Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit,Finally.IhadtogiveIn.Severalmonthsbeforeourtrip,WangWetandIwenttothelibrary.Wefoundalargeatlaswithgoodmapsthatshoweddetailsofworldgeography.FromtheatlaswecouldseethattheMekongRiverbeginsinaglacieronaTibetanmountain.Atfirsttheriverissmallandthewaterisclearandcold.Thenitbeginstomovequickly.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travellingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimestheriverbecomesawaterfallandenterswidevalleys.WewerebothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.AfteritleavesChinaandhighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide,brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheastAsia,itspaceslows.Itmakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystotheplainswherericegrows.Atlast,theriverdeltaenterstheSouthChinaSea.JOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONGPart2ANIGHTINTHEMOUNTAINSAlthoughitwasautumn,thesnowwasalreadybeginningtofallinTibet.Ourlegsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.Haveyoueverseensnowmenridebicycles?

Thatswhatwelookedlike!

Alongdiewaychildrendressedinlongwoolcoatsstoppedtolookatus.Inthelateafternoonwefounditwassocoldthatourwaterhordesfroze.However.thelakesshonelikeglassinthesettingsunandlookedwonderful.WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.SheisveryreliableandIknewIdidntneedtoencourageher.Toclimbthemountainswashardworkbutaswelookedaroundus,weweresurprisedbytheview.Weseemedtobeabletoseeformiles.Atonepointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthroughclouds.ThenwebegangoingdowntheMils.Itwasgreatfunespeciallyasitgraduallybecamemuchwarmer.Inthevalleyscolourfulbutterfliesflewaroundusandwesawmanyyaksandsheepeatinggreengrass.Atthispointwehadtochangeourcaps,coats,glovesandtrousersforT-shirtsandshorts.Intheearlyeveningwealwaysstoptomakecamp.Weputupourtentandthenwecat.AftersupperWangWeiputherheaddownonherpillowandwenttosteepbutIstayedawake.Atmidnighttheskybecameclearerandthestarsgrewbrighter.Itwassoquiet.Therewasalmostnowind-onlytheflamesofourfireforcompany.AsIlaybeneaththestarsIthoughtabouthowfarwehadalreadytravelled.WewillreachDaliinYunnanProvincesoon,whereourcousinsDaoWeiandYuHangwilljoinus.Wecanhardlywaittoseethem!

Unit4EarthquakesReading1Strangethings