湖南省民办学校高中英语阅读理解经典例题.docx

湖南省民办学校高中英语阅读理解经典例题.docx

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湖南省民办学校高中英语阅读理解经典例题

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollarbill.HeservedasAmerican'sfirstpresidentfrom1789to1797.PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledthe"Fatherofhiscountry."

   ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollarbill.HewasthemainwriteroftheDeclarationofindependencein1776.Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialofthenation'sFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaplantexpert,architect,musicianandinventor.

   AnotherofAmerican'sgreatestpresidents,AbrahamLincoln,isonthefive-dollarbill.Heservedasthesixteenthpresidentfrom1861until1865.HesuccessfullyledthecountrythroughtheCivilWar,savedtheUnionandendedslavery.

   ThepictureofAlexanderHamiltonappearsontheten-dollarbill.Hamiltonwasneverpresident.ButhewasthefirstSecretaryoftheTreasuryandoneoftheFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaneconomistandpoliticalphilosopher.

   AndrewJacksonwastheseventhpresident,servingfrom1829to1837.Hesupportedpopulardemocracyandindividualliberty.Hispictureisonthetwenty-dollarbill.

   Anotherpresidentisonthefifty-dollarbill.UlyssesS.Grantservedfrom1869to1877.Beforeservingaspresident,GrantwasmilitarycommanderofUnionforcesduringtheCivilWar.Underhiscommand,theUnionArmydefeatedConfederateforces.

   Sowhodoyouthinkisontheonehundred-dollarbill?

ItisBenjaminFranklin.Franklinwasneverelectedpresident,butwasoneoftheFoundingFathers.Hewasalsoaleadingwriterandprinter,politicalthinker,politician,postmaster,scientist,inventor,civilactivist,anddiplomat.

   TheseAmericanstatesmenareonthefrontofthebills.Thebacksofthenotesshowimagesfromnation'shistoryorfamousplaces.Theyareinorder,theGreatSealoftheUnitedStates,thesigningofDeclarationofIndependenceandtheLincolnMemorial.TheothersaretheTreasuryBuilding,theWhiteHouse,theCapitolBuildingandindependenceHall.

（1）ThedesignofthebillsshowsthatAmericansvaluestheirpeople's__________.

A. talentsinmanyways                                        B. successintheircareers

C. inventionsinnewfields                                   D. contributionstothecountry

（2）Forhundredsofyears,thosehistoricmenonthebillsfoughtforthenation's____________.

A. economyandpower                                        

B. independenceanddemocracy

C. wealthandsuccess                                          

D. faithandglory

（3）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. MenontheMoney                                          

B. theDesignofUSBills

C. HistoryontheMoney                                      D. theStoryofUSBills

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。

（1）考查推理判断。

文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家的作用与影响，GeorgeWashington是第一任总统，ThomasJefferson独立宣言的主要起草者，AbrahamLincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制，AlexanderHamilton第一个财政部长和开国元勋之一，AndrewJackson支持大众民主和个人自由，BenjaminFranklin开国元勋之一，从而可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledthe‘Fatherofhiscountry.’"；第二段中的“Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialofthenation'sFoundingFathers.”及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的这些历史上著名的人物，无论是独立战争，美国内战，还是独立宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的独立与民主所做出的努力与牺牲。

故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollarbill.第二段中的ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollarbill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Imagineyourbodyislikethehouseyoulivein.Everyday,yourfamilycreatesrubbish.Therubbishbuildsupuntilitisputoutfortheweeklygarbagecollection.

   Now,sayyouputthreebagsofgarbageout,butbecauseoneofthecollectorswasawaysick,onlytwobagsarecollected.Youtaketheleftoverbaginsidetobeputoutagainnextweek.Thefollowingweekyouputoutanotherthreebags,plustheleftoverbagfromlastweek.Butagain,onlytwobagsarecollected.Imaginethiscycleisrepeatedoverthefollowingweeks.

   Thisisasimpledescriptionofwhathappenstoyourbodywhenyourkidneys（肾）don'tworkefficiently.Yourbodyisnotthoroughlyemptiedofwasteproducts.Otherareasofthebodysuchasbloodpressureandredbloodcellproductionareaffectedandtheinsidiousprocessthatmayleadtokidneyfailurebegins.

   It'snotuncommonforpeopletoloseupto90percentoftheirkidneyfunctionbeforedevelopinganysymptoms.Theremaybenowarningsigns.Thismakesearlydetection（诊察）difficult.

   Kidney'smainjobistoremovetoxins（毒素）andunwantedwaterfromourblood.Everydayourkidneyscleananaverageof200litresofblood.Kidneyfailuremaybeagradualandsilentprocess,goingunnoticedbecausethereisnoapparentpain.

   Researchshowsthatmorethan25percentofpatientsfoundtorequiredialysis（透析）donotseeakidneyspecialistuntillessthan90daysbeforedialysisstarts.Someriskfactorsforkidneydiseasesuchasageandgeneticmake-upareoutofourcontrol;however,somechangesinlifestylemayhelppreventkidneydamage.Twomajorriskfactorsforkidneydisease,diabetesandhighbloodpressure,havebeenontheriseoverthelastfewdecades.Bothconditionsarechieflyaffectedbybeingoverweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,whicharethepotentialfactorsforthedisease.

（1）Theauthorgivestheexampleofthehouseweliveintoindicatethat________.

A. it'ssafeandharmlessforourbodytokeepsomewaste

B. itdoesn'tmattermuchifthewasteinourbodyisnotemptiedintime

C. it'simportantforourbodytoemptythewasteintimeeveryday

D. ourbodywillnotproduceanywasteifourkidneysworkefficiently

（2）Theunderlinedword"insidious"（inParagraph3）means________.

A. gradualandunnoticed                                    B. apparentandfast

C. smoothandsafe                                              

D. painfulandlong

（3）Wecaninferthatwhenwefindsomesymptomsrelatedtoourkidneys,________.

A. thekidneyfailurebegins

B. thekidneysmayhavebeenseriouslydamaged

C. wehavelostabout10percentofkidneyfunction

D. thekidneyscanstillworkproperly

（4）Howmanyfactorsofkidneydiseasearementionedinthepassage?

A. Three.                                    

B. Four.                                    

C. Five.                                    

D. Six.

（5）Whichofthefollowinghelpspreventkidneydamage?

A. Gotoseeakidneyspecialistshortlybeforedialysisstarts.

B. Gotoseeakidneyspecialistwheneveryoufindanywarningsign.

C. Trytokeeplowbloodpressureandastablelifestyle.

D. Takeenoughexerciseandmakeearlydetectionofkidneydisease.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肾脏出现问题的原因，以及巨大危害，分析了肾脏问题出现的重要因素，并指出如何预防肾病。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据一二段的内容，以及第三段中的“Thisisasimpledescriptionofwhathappenstoyourbodywhenyourkidneys（肾）don'tworkefficiently.”可推断，作者列举家庭处理垃圾情况的主要目的是让我们明白身体和家一样需要及时处理垃圾，不然对身体有害。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“Otherareasofthebodysuchasbloodpressureandredbloodcellproductionareaffectedandtheinsidiousprocessthatmayleadtokidneyfailurebegins.”和第四段中的“Theremaybenowarningsigns.”可知，肾功能的变化是由身体其它变化引起的，是一个渐变的过程，而且这个变化没有任何警示，故推测划线词的意思是“逐渐的/慢慢的，无法察觉的”。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“It'snotuncommonforpeopletoloseupto90percentoftheirkidneyfunctionbeforedevelopinganysymptoms.Theremaybenowarningsigns.”可知，90%的症状在被确诊之前是看不出来的，而且没有任何的预警，故推测当人们发现肾病症状时，肾可能已经严重受损。

故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的"ageandgeneticmake-up,diabetesandhighbloodpressure,overweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,"衰老，基因组成，糖尿病，高血压，超重和不运动,可知，这六项都是导致肾病的原因。

故选D。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Theremaybenowarningsigns.Thismakesearlydetection（诊察）difficult.”和第六段中的“Bothconditionsarechieflyaffectedbybeingoverweightandnotgettingenoughexercise,whicharethepotentialfactorsforthedisease.”可推测，早期诊察，做足够的锻炼可以预防肾损伤。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Almostnoneofushavethetimetoreadeverythingwe'dliketoread.Yetwelosecountlesshourstodailyactivitiesthatbringuslittlejoyliketakingbusesandwaitinginline.Whatifwecouldturntheselittleblocksofunoccupiedtimeintopreciousandrewardingmomentsforlearningandreflection?

   Foundedin2012,iReader,amicro-learningapponmobilephones,bringsthebiggestideasfrombest-sellingbooksthrough15-minuteaudio（音频）andtext.Sofar,morethan3,000bookshavebeenincluded,rangingfrompsychologyandparentingtomanagementandeconomics,withnewtitlesaddedeveryday.

   Readerispioneeringanewmethodofreading,withover9millionusersenjoyingthebenefitsalready.AccordingtothePewResearchCenter（PRC）,theBritishreadjust4paperbooksayearandover25%haven'treadasinglepaperbookthisyear,butreadingisn'tdying.TherearenowmorewaysfortheBritishtoreadthaneverbefore,duetothewidespreaduseofe-booksandaudiobooks.

   ThebooksiniReaderarerewrittentoensureitiseasytorememberthemaincontent.Thewaythecontentiseditedhasbeenspecificallydesignedtoensureitisusefulinpractice.Besides,thecontentisrewrittenwithrelevantexamplesinreallife,whichmeansusersaremorelikelytorememberandapplywhatishelpfultothem.

   HolgerSeim,Germanco-founderofthisapp,declares,"iReadergivesyouthebiggestideasintheshortestpossibletime.Ittransformsgreatideasintolittlepacksyoucanlistentoorreadinjust15minutes."

（1）Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledoi