精品推荐考研英语真题及解析.docx

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精品推荐考研英语真题及解析

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008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语

（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on

ANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenot

speakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworks

independently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterial

causewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.

5

he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heis

publishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplains

theprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.The

processisnaturalselection.

ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11tothe

intellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renowned

scientists,13.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchas

breastcancer.Thesefacts,14,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15tosocialeffects,

suchasastrongtraditionof16education.Thelatterwasseenasa（an）17ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochran

suggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthese

peoplehas19themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20stateofaffairs.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1

1

1

1

1

.[A]selected

.[A]unique

.[A]of

[B]prepared

[B]particular

[B]with

[C]obliged

[C]special

[C]in

[D]pleased

[D]rare

[D]against

[D]lately

.[A]subsequently[B]presently

[C]previously

[C]Even

.[A]Only

[B]So

[D]Hence

[D]risk

.[A]thought

.[A]advises

.[A]progress

.[A]attaining

0.[A]normal

[B]sight

[C]cost

[B]suggests

[B]fact

[C]protests

[C]need

[D]objects

[D]question

[D]calculating

[D]total

[B]scoring

[B]common

[C]reaching

[C]mean

1.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably

2.[A]missions

3.[A]affirm

[B]fortunes

[B]witness

[B]therefore

[B]gotover

[C]interests

[C]observe

[C]however

[C]carriedon

[D]careers

[D]approve

[D]meanwhile

[D]putdown

4.[A]moreover

5.[A]givenup

1

1

1

1

1

2

6.[A]assessing

[B]supervising

[C]administering[D]valuing

[C]consequence[D]instrument

7.[A]development[B]origin

8.[A]linked

[B]integrated

[B]subjected

[C]woven

[D]combined

[D]directed

9.[A]limited

0.[A]paradoxical

[C]converted

[B]incompatible[C]inevitable

[D]continuous

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Whilestillcatchinguptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastone

undesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersin

responsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’s

AdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causing

femalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.In

severalofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries（thefemalereproductiveorgans）removed,

theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snot

necessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.

“

Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealing

withsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposed

totendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menare

exposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposed

totendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobe

one-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalotto

getthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetahead

anddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofa

teenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayare

copingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratesthe

importanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

2

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

2

[

[

[

[

A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

B]Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

2

2.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen.

[A]needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress

[B]havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress

[C]aremorecapableofavoidingstress

[D]areexposedtomorestress

2

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe.

[A]domesticandtemporary

[B]irregularandviolent

[C]durableandfrequent

[D]trivialandrandom

2

4.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”（Line5,Para.5）showsthat.

[

[

[

[

A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney

B]Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses

C]Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs

D]Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck

2

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[

[

[

[

A]StrainofStress:

NoWayOut?

B]ResponsetoStress:

GenderDifference

C]StressAnalysis:

WhatChemicalsSay?

D]GenderInequality:

WomenUnderStress

Text2

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmitthe

resultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthor’snamesandaffiliationsfrom

thepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthe

paperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseeking

knowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.

Nolonger.TheInternet—andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishers

aremakingmoneyfromgovernment–fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit—ismakingaccesstoscientific

resultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment（OECD）hasjustissuedareport

describingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityin

AustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,made

3

handsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementof

scientificendeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwide

distributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedat

between$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublishers

saysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan

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.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirely

newbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereisthe

so-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthrough

site-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhis

employer）topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuch

asuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybrids

ofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsix

months,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditional

formofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

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6.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses.

[A]thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting

[B]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports

[C]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers

[D]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication

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7.Whichofthefollowingistrueo