高中英语教资面试语音课干货(全英——九种语音知识与规则).docx
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全英高中教资面试干货-
语音课
对于ppp(presentationpracticeproduction)的课型,presentation的部分非常重要,要讲好这个部分要靠过硬的语音知识和能力。
所以我们既要掌握语音知识,又要知道具体如何用英语去讲去教,以下为语音课课堂讲课方法以及知识干货:
1.双元音(diphthong[ˈdɪfˌθɑŋ])
Definition:
Whatdoesdiphthongmean?
Firstofall,lookhowtheyareformed?
Lookatthephoneticsymbolhere.itisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,pronouncedwithinonesyllable.
Howtopronounceit:
WestartontheAsound(双元音中第一个构成的单音,以A来代表),andfinishontheBsound(双元音中第二个构成的单音,以B来代表).Whenwepronounceit,wesmoothlyglidefromthefirstsoundtothesecondsound.Lookatmymouth,theshapeofmymouthandpositionofmytonguechanged.Repeatafterme,please.
2.舌侧音(Lateral['lætərəl]sound)
Therearetwodifferentwaysofpronouncingit.
Thereislightlateralsoundanddarklateralsound.
①Whenthesoundisatthebeginningofaword,itsusuallyalightLsound(e.x.learn,literal)HowtopronouncethelightLsound?
Wepressthetipofyourtongueontheuppergum.
②Whenthesoundisattheendofaword,itsusuallyadarkLsound(e.x.bottle,uncle)
HowtopronouncethedarkLsound?
Weraisethebackofourtongue,andpositionofourtongueislowered.
3.连读(Liaison[ˈliːəzɑːn])
Whatisliaisonorwhatdoeslinkingsoundmea?
n
Literally,soundsarelinkedtogether.Itshowyouconnectwordswhenwespeak,sothattwowordsarepronouncedtogether.
Whataretherules?
Therearebasicallythreecases.
①C+C:
linkconsonantsoundtoconsonantsound(dangeroussport;hotday;thankyou)
②V+V:
linkvowelsoundtovowelsound(youever;howinteresting)add/w/soundor/j/
soundor/r/soundwhenwetrytoconnecttwovowelsounds.
③C+V:
linkconsonantsoundtovowelsound(takeup,speakup)
4.句子内单词的重读(stress)
Concept:
Somewordsareemphasized,someofthemarenot.Thisiscalledstress.
Wepronouncesomewordslouder,longerandatahigher-pitchednotewhenwestress.
Whataretherules:
①Westresscontentwordslikeadverbs,adjectives,nouns,verbsetc.Theyarethewordsthatconveymeanings.
②Wedonotstressfunctionwordslikeprepositions,linkingwords,articles,pronounsetc.Theyarethewordsthatdonotconveymeaningsbutperformgrammaticalfunctions.
③Ifnecessary,wecandeliberatelystresswhateverwordswewanttomakeanemphasis.
5.单词内音节的重读(stress)
Whenitcomestothewordmadeoftwosyllables,therearetwocases.
ifitsanounlikecenter,westressthefirstsyllable/cen/ifitsaverblikeadmit,westressthesecondsyllable/mit/
Forcompoundwords,thereareatleastthreedifferentkindsofconditions.
①compoundwordsconsistoftwonounslikebookshelfwestressthefirstpart,book
②compoundwordsconsistofadjectiveandpastparticiplelikmeiddle-agedwestressthesecondpart,aged
③compoundwordsconsistofprepositionandverblikeoutshinewestressthesecondpart,shine
Forwordswithsuffix,thereareatleasttwowaysofstressing.
Wecanstressthesyllablebeforethesuffix(economic)
Wecanalsostressthethirdsyllablefromthelastsyllable(biology)Wherewestressdependsondifferentsuffix.
6.停顿(pause)
Concept:
Therearetemporarystopsinourspeech.Westopforaninstantorlengthenthelastsound
foraninstanttocatchabreathorhelppeopleorganizethesensegroupsandgraspthemessage.
Rulesofpause:
Wedividethesentenceintodifferentsensegroupsandmakeashortpausebetweensensegroupsbutneverduringasensegroup.
(Sensegroupsarecloselyconnectedintermsofmeaningandgrammar.Sheis/myfavorite
student/inclass.)
sensegroup3
sensegroup1
sensegroup2
Nevershouldwepauseatanywordwithinasensegroup,becauseinthatway,sensegroupisbrokenandcannotformacompletesamemeaninganymore.
(badexample:
Ifiwasyoung,iwouldmakea/greatefforttogetintoaprestigiouscollege.
wrongpause
7.语调(intonation)
Concept:
Therearerisesandfallsinourspeech.Ourvoicegoesupanddownsothatourspeechiscadenced.Thisiswhatwecallintonation.
Rulesofintonation:
Tellmewhatsentencesareintherisingtoneandwhatsentencesareinthefallingtone?
Thentrytoclassifythemintodifferentgroups.Wewillfind:
①forgeneralquestions,weuserisingtone
②forspecialquestionsintroducedbywh-word(who,what,when,where)andstatements,weusefallingtone
③foralternativequestions,wefirstuserisingtoneandthenfallingtone +
④fortagquestions,wefirstusefallingtoneandthenrisingtone +
Examplesentence:
alternativequestion:
Whichkindofbeveragewouldyoulike,sparklingwaterofcoffee?
tagquestion:
Youwouldn’tleavetoday,wouldyou?
8.失去爆破(lossofplosive)
Concept:
Whenawordendswithoneoftheplosivesoundslike/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/(plosiveconsonants),noairisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithoneofthoseplosivesoundsor/m/,
/n/.