ListenThisWayBook2Unit9文本及答案.docx
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ListenThisWayBook2Unit9文本及答案
Tapescript
ListenThisWay(Book2)
Unit9AboutYourself
PartIGettingready
A.Words&phrases
B.Guessthemeaningofthesephrases.(numbersandbodywords)
Key:
1.A:
Doyouknowhowmanyteethyou’vegot?
B:
Howmanyteeth?
Ooh,ooh.24?
More?
(A:
Yes.)32?
A:
Yes.
2.A:
Doyouknowhowmanybonesthereareinyourbody?
B:
Howmanybones?
I’lltakeaguess.153.
A:
206.
3.A:
Howoftendoesyourheartbeat?
B:
98timesaminute.
A:
No,70timesaminute.
4.Bob:
Doyouknowhowwhatthebossthinksyoushoulddo,Billy?
Billy:
Justyoukeepyourgreatnoseoutofthis,Bob,willyou?
(Meaning:
notinterferein)
5.Anne:
StevenKent,Inever,neverwanttoseeyouinmylifeagain.
Steven:
Ohno.
Marry:
Youreallyhaveputyourfootinit,haven’tyou?
(Meaning:
causeembarrassmentbydoingorsayingsomethingtactless)
6.Kate:
Dave!
Canyougivemeahand,please?
Dave:
What?
Kate:
Isaidcanyougivemeahand.
Dave:
Allright,I’mcoming.Noneedtoshout.
(Meaning:
askforhelp)
7.Max:
Arethereanyjobsinyoucompanythen,foranintelligent,hard-workingyoungmanlikemysonJulian?
Frank:
No,Ihaven’theardofanyatallrecently.
Max:
Well,couldyoukeepyourearsopen,justincase?
(Meaning:
listenwithcare)
8.Carol:
HaveyouheardaboutMaggiethen?
Norma:
Maggie?
MaggieThatcher?
Carol:
No.MaggieBrown.She’sinloveagain.
Norma:
Ohnotagain.Whowiththistime?
Carol:
Withherboss.Headoverheelsinlovewithhim,sheis.
(Meaning:
completely)
9.Nick:
HaveyoueverlentmoneytoMick?
Jill:
Mick?
Huh!
Iwouldn’tlendanyifIwereyou.
Nick:
Whynot?
Doesn’thepayitback?
Jill:
No.Never.He’suptohisneckindebts.
(Meaning:
deeplyinvolvedin)
10.Liz:
She’sagooddoctor.Neverlooksatherwatch.Nevercomplaining.Nothing'stoomuchtroubleforher.
Pat:
Iknow,yeah.Notmanylikeherabout.She’sallheart,really.Allheart.
(Meaning:
withthedeepestdevotion)
PartIIThedigestivesystemanddiarrhea
A.MatchcolumnAwithcolumnB.
ColumnAColumnB
1.gutsymptoms4absorbingdigestedfoodintobloodstream
3contaminatedfood
2.thedigestivesystem5drinkingenough
2alongtubecoilingupintheabdomen
3.causesofdiarrhea4carryingawaywasteproducts
1constipation
4.jobsofthedigestivesystem3infectionbyvirusesorparasites
4breakingdownfood
5.treatmentfordiarrhea4addingenzymes
1diarrhea
Tapescript:
Ourbodyismadeupofthousandsofdifferentparts.Allthesepartsworktogethertokeepusaliveandtohelpusmovearound.Thepartsofthehumanbodyarelikethepartsofaverycomplicatedmachine.Likeanyothermachine,however,ifitisinexpertlycaredfor,over-taxedorinsufficientlyused,itwillbecomerusty,sluggishorcloggedandpartsofitsmechanismmayevengrindtoahalt.Thatiswhyitissoimportanttokeepeverypartofthehumanmachinehealthyandproperlycaredfor.Tokeepingoodrunningorder,thebodyrequirestherawmaterialsforgrowthandthereplacementoftissueswhennecessary.Ourbodiesburnfoodlikefueltoproducetheenergyweneed.
Thehumandigestivesystemisabitlikeaverylongtube,butit'salotmorecomplex.It'sseveralmeterslong,andmostofitiscarefullycoiledupinourabdomen.Ithasseveralimportantjobstodo.
First,itmustdigestorbreakdownourfood.Digestionstartsthemomentfoodentersourmouth.Thenitcontinuesasthefoodissqueezedalongthegutbymusclesinthewalloftheintestine.Asthefoodtravelsthroughthegut,naturalchemicalscalledenzymesareaddedtoit,whichhelpbreakdownthefood.Thenthisdigestedfoodandwatermustbeabsorbedfromthegutintoourbloodstreamsothatitcanbeusedbythebody.Finally,thegutmustcarryawayanywasteproductsintheformoffeces.
Usuallyourintestinedoesallthesethingsveryefficiently.Butsometimesthingscangowrong.Probablythemostcommongutsymptomsarediarrheaandconstipation.
Withdiarrhea,thefoodandwatertravelstooquicklythroughtheintestine,oftenmakingthefeceswatery,andmakingitnecessarytoopenthebowelsmorefrequently.
Therearelotsofcausesofdiarrhea.Probablythecommonestcausesofdiarrheaarecontaminatedfoodorwater,andinfectioncausedbyvirusesorparasites.
Manycasesofdiarrheaclearupwithinafewdayswithoutanyspecialmedicines.Butthebodylosesalotoffluidthroughdiarrhea,sothereisaveryrealriskofthebodydryingoutorbecomingdehydrated.Becauseofthisriskofdehydration,thebesttreatmentfordiarrheaissimplytomakesureyouaredrinkingenough.Avoidingdehydrationinthiswaycanbealifesaver.
B.Completethestatements.
Causesofdiarrhea
·Thereareinfections,andthisisfoodpoisoning,whichiscausedbysortofbacteriaororganism.
·Somefoodsthemselvesmightirritatethegutandtendtogiveyoudiarrhea.
·Somepeoplewhentheygetverynervousadstressedaboutsomethingtendtogetdiarrhea.
·Peoplewhosufferfromtheirritablebowelsyndrometendtogettummypainsanddiarrhea.
Treatmentofdiarrhea
·Mostattacksofdiarrheaarenotseriousandtheyclearupbythemselveswithinoneortwodays.
·Themostimportantthingistodrinklotsoffluid.
·Itisbetternottoeattoomuchandnottoworryaboutthat.
·Ideally,thefluidsyoudrinkshouldcontainalittlebitofsaltandsugar.
·Youcangetspecialrehydratingfluids,whicharespeciallymixed.
·Youcangetyourownfluidsbyaddingjustateaspoonfulofsugarandapinchofsalt.
Tapescript:
Therearelotsofdifferentcausesofdiarrhea.Um,thereareinfectionsthatcanhappen,andthisisfoodpoisoning,ifyoulike,whereinyourfoodyoueatsomesortofbacteriaororganisms,whichinfectyou.Somefoodscanjustirritatethegutandtendtogiveyoudiarrhea,althoughtheyarenotinfected.It'sjustthefooditself(that)mightirritateyoursystem.Somepeople,iftheygetverynervousandstressedaboutsomething,findtheytendtogetdiarrhea.Somethingcalledtheirritablebowelsyndromewheresomethinggoeswrongwiththewaythegutworks.Andpeoplethatsufferfromthistendtoget,um,tummypains,andtheygetsometimesdiarrhea,sometimesconstipation.Allsortsofcauses.
Mostattacksofdiarrhea,um,particularlyinadults,arenotseriousandtheyclearupbythemselveswithinoneortwodays.Themostimportantthingistodrinklotsoffluid,becauseifyouhavegotdiarrhea,you'reobviouslylosingalotoffluid.Andsoit'sbetterreallynottoeattoomuch,nottoworryaboutthat,buttomakesureyoudrinkplentyoffluid.Andideally,thisshouldhavealittlebitofsaltandsugarin.Youcangetspecialrehydratingfluids,whicharespeciallymixed.Butifyouwanttomakeyourownbyaddingjustateaspoonfulofsugarandapinchofsalt,thenit'sobviouslyperfectlyreasonabletodothat.
PartIIIImmunity
A.Studythedefinitionsofthewordsandphrasescarefully.
B.Answerthequestions.
Questions
1.Sincewehavetheimmunesystem,whydowestillneedvaccination?
Becausetherearesomethingswhichwearenotnaturallyimmuneto.
Weneedvaccinationbecause
A:
Therearesomethingswhichwearenotnaturallyimmunetoandthat’swherevaccinationcomesin,isn’t?
B:
Exactly…
2.Howdoesavaccinationwork?
Aversionofanillnessisgiventothebodyandthebodythinksthatitisactuallybeinginfectedwiththatinfection.Thenexttimeitseesit,thebodycanrespondveryquickly.
B:
…Vaccinationplaysonthebody’sabilitytorememberinfection.Sowhathappensisthatsomeoneisgivenaversionofanillness,forinstance,measlesorpolio,ortuberculosis,andthebodythinksthatitisactuallybeinginfectedwiththatinfection.Andthenexttimeitseesit,thebodycanrespondveryquickly.Allthetroopsofitsimmunesystemcancomeintoplay.
3.Canweproducevaccinesfromanydisease?
Giveanexample.
No.Wecan’tproduceavaccineforAIDSforinstance.
A:
We’reabletoassistthebodyinitstightagainsttheillnessinmanycases,buttherearesomediseaseswhichwedon’tseemtoproduceavaccinefor.AIDSisoneofthem.Whynot?
4.WhyisitsodifficulttoattackAIDS?
BecausetheHIV,whichcausesAIDS,attackthehumanimmunesystem.Andthevirusitselfcanchangeveryeasily.It’sdifficulttofindavaccine,whichcanrecognizealltypeofHIV.
B:
TheproblemisAIDS,whichiscausedbytheHIVvirus,attacksthehumanimmunesystem,whichmeansthatournormaldefensesaren’ttheretofightoffthatinfection.TheotherproblemwithtryingtoproduceavaccineagainstHIVorAIDSisthatvirus,HIV,canchangesoeasily.That’sverydifficulttofindavaccinewhichcanrecognizeallthedifferenttypesofHIV.Soonevaccinemaybeeffectiveagainstonetypeofthevirusbutitmayabsolutelybenogoodforanothertype.
Tapescript:
Thehumanbodyisconstantlyunderattackfrominvadinggermsandinfections.Andtheonlyreasonwedon'tsufferfromconstantillnessisourbodieshavetheirowndefensemechanismtofightoffdisease.Thisresistancetoinfectioniscalledimmunity.
A:
Howdoesimmunitywork?
B:
Well,theimmunesystemisthebody'sownsecretarmy,whichfightsinfection.Anditconsistsofawholerangeoftroops,soldiers,theircellsandtheirmolecules.Nowtheheadquartersofthisarmyisreallytheblood.That'swhereitdoesmostofitsfighting.Andsometimesitneedssomereserve,andthatcomesfromthebonemarrow.That'swheretheimmunecellsaremade.
A:
Sotherearemanydifferentkindsofcells,differentkindsofmoleculesintheimmunesystem.Iguessedtheonesthatwe'reprobablymorefamiliarwitharewhitebl