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构词法练习及其答案优选稿
集团文件版本号：
（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
构词法练习及其答案
高考能力测试构词法WordFormation
一．合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式：
1.直接写在一起。
2.用连字符（-）连接。
3.由两个分开的词构成。
（1）合成adj
方式
例词
1adj＋adj
red-hot
2adj＋n
first-class,full-time,part-time
3adj＋现在分词
good-looking,free-thinking,
4adj＋过去分词
ready-made
5adj＋n-ed
good-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded
6n＋n-ed
iron-willed
7n＋adj
world-famous,day-long
8n＋现在分词
beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,
9n＋过去分词
man-made,water-covered,
10adv＋adj
ever-green
11adv＋现在分词
hard-working,far-seeing
12adv＋过去分词
well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known
13num＋n
five-year
14num＋n+adj
five-year-old
15num＋过去分词
four-legged,six-storied
（2）合成动词
构成方式
例词
1n＋v
day-dream
2adv＋v
overcome,upturn翻起
3adj＋v
white-wash
（3）合成n
构成方式
例词
1n＋n
horseback,bank-note,
newspaper,cellphone,
2adj＋n
back-yard,forehead,
3动名词＋n
hidingplace,reading-room
4v＋adv
get-off,breakin,
5adv＋v
output,overflow
（4）合成advhowever,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever
（5）合成代词whoever,,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,（6）合成介词inside在……里
后缀
例词
形
容
词
-al
central,industrial,national,natural
-an
European,American,Australian
-ern
eastern,northern,southern
-able
reasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible
-ful
careful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,
-ish
childish,Swedish,selfish
-ive
destructive,collective,active,creative,effective
-y
thirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny
-less
careless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless
-en
golden,wooden,woolen
-ous
courageous,famous,continuous,serious,various
-ary
imaginary,revolutionary,secondary
-ic
realistic,historic,poetic
-some
troublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome
-like
childlike,womanlike,manlike
-ant
ignorant,significant,observant,important
-ent
diligent,silent,excellent,frequent
-ly
lively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly
-ish
childish,foolish
二、派生Derivation
前缀
含义
例词
a-
处在……
arise,aside,alone
en-
使可能
enrich,enable,enslave
dis-
不，否定
dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder,disagree
un-
不，做相反动作
unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,
unclose,undress,uncover,untie
in-
im-
ir-
il-
不，非
inactive,incapable,inpatient,incorrect
impossible,impersonal,impolite,immature,impractical
irregular,irresponsible
illogical,
non-
不，非
non-existent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stop
de-
向相反方向发展
decentralize（分散）,defrost（解冻）
anti-
反（对）
anti-freeze,anti-fascist
mis-
错误的，坏的
misdoings,misunderstand,misfortune
re
重复，再
rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,
co-
共同
co-exist,co-operate,co-education
ex
以前的
ex-husband,ex-president
tele
远程
telephone,telegraph,telescope
super-
在上面，超级
supermarket,superpower,
under-
在……之下
underline,underestimate,underground,
inter-
相互，之间
international,interact,inter-change
sub-
下，次
subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,
trans-
过，穿过，变
transformation（变形）,translate
vice-
副
vice-premier,vice-president
semi-
半
semifinal,semicircle,semi-automatic
bi
两个
bicycle,biennial两年一次的
tri
三个
triangle三角形,tricycle三轮脚踏车,triplets三胞胎
mul-
多，多种
multiply,multi-national,multi-coloured
kilo-
千
kilometre,kilogram
后缀
例词
动
词
-ize
realize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,
-en
widen,strengthen,lengthen,sharpen,widen,shorten,quicken,deepen
-fy
Simplify,beautify,terrify,
后缀
例词
副
词
-ward（s）
forward,northward,backward,downward
-ly
slowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,happily,friendly
三、转化Conversion:
指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。
1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话,mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映,drink喝—饮料,record录音—记录,name,date,hand,study,
2.形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词（副词）front前面——前面的
4.形容词转化为名词chief主要的——首领
训练要旨：
构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。
特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。
检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。
如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。
1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessDcarelessness
2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death
3.Thechildlooked_______athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad
4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemisD.physician
5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged
6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership
7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked_______aboutathisclassmates.
A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely
8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction
9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?
—Oh，myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.
—Youcanwrite_______passageinEnglish?
A.600words；a600-words B.600-word；a600-words
C.600words；a600-word D.600words；a600-words
10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence
11Youmustcomewithustothepolice_______.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache
12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit________.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional
13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced
14.The_______orderedhimtopaya$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement
15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWarA.latelyB.latestC.laterD.latter
16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing
17.Tomy________，Ipassedtheexameasily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness
18.Canadaismainlyan________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken
19.How________heis!
Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.
A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；foolC.foolish；fool；foolD.foolishly；foolish；fool
20.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable
21.Therewere________fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.A.indangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless
22.Theletter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded
23.Thechildlookedatme________.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless
24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees
25.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason
26.Wehavetolearn________technologyfromothercountries.A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced
27.Thechildrenliveinavillage________.Theycomeherealmosteveryday.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.nearby
28.MrBlackisan________inthearmy，notan________inthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis________.
A.official；officer；officeB.officer；office；officialC.official；official；officialD.officer；official；office
29.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier
30.________speaking，Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest
31.Itsoundslikeagoodplan，buttherearesome________difficultiesincarryingitout.
A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing
32.Hisfatherpossessesa________factory，whichdoesmostofthepollutiontothisriver.
A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers-madeD.paper-made
33.Marxlefthishomelandforsome________reasons.A.politically B.politicsC.politicalD.politician
34.It’s________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility
35.Dancaughttwo________birdsinthewoodlastweekandtheyarestill________inthecage.
A.alive；liveB.live；liveC.live；aliveD.alive；alive
36.Thedoctorsaidthattheoldman’sconditionwas__andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless
37.Annfeltso________thatshecouldhardlyopenhereyes.A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping
38.Westoodthere______atthe_____sight.A.frightened；frightfulB.frighteningfrightfulC.fright；frighteningD.frightful；fright
39.Thedoctor’sadvice________himfromdrinkingandsmoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged
40I’dliketobuyahouse,modern,comfortableandaboveallinaquiet_.A.neighbourB.neighbourhoodC.neighboursDneighbour’s
Ⅱ.改错练习（每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正）
1.TheMiludeerarelivinginthewildinanaturalpark.2.Thisblouseisfitforhimatall.It’stoolongandthecolorhasrun.
3.Thepossiblythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.
4.Wemuststrengthgovernmentofthepeople，bythepeopleandforthepeople.
5.Thespermwhalecandivetoadeepofmorethan1000metersinthesea.
6.Heisaveryfamousactress.Hehasplayedmanyimportantpartsindifferentfilms.
7.Personal，I’dratherstayathomewatchingTV.8.Becauseofherill，shecan’tgooutforthesight-seeing.
9.Thankyouforyourdescribeoftheconditionshere.10.It’sreallydustinthisroom.It’salongtimesincesomeonelastlivedinit.
11.Wealldon’tknowhowdarkhappens.12.Heopenedtheenvelope，foldedtheletterandbegantoreadit.
13.Sheoffereduslotsofvalueinformation，whichplayedanimportantpartincatchingthethief.
14.Wewis
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