阅读理解科普环保练习题含答案.docx

阅读理解科普环保练习题含答案.docx

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阅读理解科普环保练习题含答案

阅读理解（科普环保）练习题含答案

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone（无人机）threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.

   DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.

   AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet（1.5metersby1.1meter）,itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish（159.6kg）andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.

   By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.

   "WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

   "Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter（周边）orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

   Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.

（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?

A. Itcanfrightensharksaway.

B. Itisanoceanexplorer.

C. Itisarubbishcollector.

D. Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.

（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?

A. Thecausesofoceanpollution.

B. Thedangersofusingplastics.

C. Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.

D. Theimportanceofoceanprotection.

（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?

A. Avoidcrashingintoit.           

B. Breakitintopieces.           

C. Swallowit.           

D. Flyoverit.

（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?

A. TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.

B. Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.

C. TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.

D. Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Movinginwithaboyfriendcauseswomentoeatmoreunhealthilyandputonweight.Buttheoppositeistrueformen,whoselong-termhealthbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner.

   DieticiansatNewcastleUniversitysaidbothpartnerstrytopleaseoneanother,andsochangetheirdietaryhabitstosuittheirotherhalf.

   Itleadsmentoeatmorelightmeals,suchassalads,fruitandvegetables,whilewomenchoosetomakecreamier,heavierdishescurryorrichpastasauces,whichmaypleasetheirpartner.Womenstillhavethestrongestlong-terminfluenceoverthecouple'sdietandlifestyle,astheystillhavethetraditionalroleofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds.

   Thereport,byNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,reviewedthefindingofavarietyofresearchprojectsfromtheUK,NorthAmericaandAustralia,whichlookedattheeatingandlifestylehabitsofcouples.

   Theresearchshowsthatwomenaremorelikelytoputonweightandincreasetheirconsumptionoffoodshighinfatandsugarwhentheymoveinwiththeirpartner

   Womenalsousefoodasacomfortwhendealingwithemotionalstressandhavebeenfoundtogainweightwhenarelationshipends,whilethesamefindinghasnotbeenobservedinmen.

   Manycouplesreportedfoodasbeingcentraltotheirpartnership,andeatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.

   ReportauthorandregistereddieticianDr.AmeliaLakesaid,"Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration."

（1）Accordingtothepassage,movinginwithagirlfriend,men________.

A. havefewchangesoftheirdietaryhabits       

B. havetoeatmoreunhealthyfoods

C. don'tlikefoodshighinfatandsugaratall   D. trytoeatfoodsthattheirgirlfriendslike

（2）Theunderlinedword"light"（inParagraph4）probablymeans________.

A. notveryheavy         

B. lessinfatandsugar         

C. gentle         

D. notseriousorimportant

（3）AccordingtothereportbyNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,________.

A. womenputonweightonlybecausetheywanttosuittheirotherhalf

B. whenmenarefacedwithemotionalstress,theywillchangetheirdietaryhabits

C. eatingtogetherintheeveningisagoodwaytocommunicateforcouples

D. itiswrongtochangeyourdietaryhabitstosuityourpartner

（4）Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.

A. womenshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirpartner'sinfluenceonthem

B. moremenwillplayrolesofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds

C. coupleswillnotchangetheirdietaryhabitsandlifestyletopleasetheirpartner

D. long-termhealthofmenbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner

（5）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A. Don'tbesillyanymore,women!

                     B. Whicharebetterdietaryhabits?

C. Boyfriendsmakeyoufat                                  D. Dr.AmeliaLakeandhisstudy

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

（5）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“whichmaypleasetheirpartner”可知，男女双方会改变自己的饮食习惯来迎合对方，因此男士会吃他的女伴喜欢吃的食物。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“salads,fruitandvegetables”可推断，light在此是“清淡的”的意思，脂肪和糖的含量比较少。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“eatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.”晚上一起吃饭对许多人来说特别重要，可知选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration.”研究表明你的伴侣对你的生活方式有很大的影响,那些试图过上健康生活的人应该考虑到这一因素。

可选A。

（5）考查主旨大意。

纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。

C项幽默风趣，能吸引读者的注意，并切中文章的主题。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Boomerangchildrenwhoreturntolivewiththeirparentsafteruniversitycanbegoodforfamilies,leadingtocloser,moresupportiverelationshipsandincreasedcontactbetweenthegenerations,astudyhasfound.

   Thefindingscontradictresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantdeclineintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.

   Theyoungadultstakingpartinthestudywere"morepositivethanmighthavebeenexpectedaboutmovingbackhome—theshameisreducedassomanyoftheirpeersareinthesameposition,andtheyacknowledgedthebenefitsoftheirparents'financialandemotionalsupport.Daughterswerehappierthansons,oftenslippingbackeasilyintoteenagepatternsofbehaviour,thestudyfound.

   Parentsonthewholeweremoreuncertain,expressingconcernaboutthelikelydurationofthearrangementandhowtomanageit.Buttheyacknowledgedthatthingsweredifferentforgraduatestoday,wholeaveuniversitywithhugedebtsandfewerjobopportunities.

   Thefamiliesfeaturedinthestudyweremiddle-classandtendedtoviewtheachievementofadultindependencefortheirchildrenasa"familyproject".Parentsacceptedthattheirchildrenrequiredsupportasuniversitystudentsandthenasgraduatesreturninghome,astheytriedtofindjobspayingenoughtoenablethemtomoveoutandgetonthehousingladder.

   "However",thestudysays,"day-to-daytensionsabouttheprospectsofachievingdifferentdimensionsofindependence,whichinafewextremecasescameclosetoconflict,characterisedtheexperienceofamajorityofparentsandalittleoverha