阅读理解科普环保练习题含答案.docx
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阅读理解科普环保练习题含答案
阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含答案
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight,butthiswaterbornedrone(无人机)threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.
DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.
AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter),itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.
By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.
"WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."
"Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周边)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."
Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.
(1)WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?
A. Itcanfrightensharksaway.
B. Itisanoceanexplorer.
C. Itisarubbishcollector.
D. Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.
(2)WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?
A. Thecausesofoceanpollution.
B. Thedangersofusingplastics.
C. Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.
D. Theimportanceofoceanprotection.
(3)WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?
A. Avoidcrashingintoit.
B. Breakitintopieces.
C. Swallowit.
D. Flyoverit.
(4)WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?
A. TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.
B. Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.
C. TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.
D. Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知,这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的,故选C。
(2)考查段落大意。
根据第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知,预计到2016年,海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾,估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上,故可知,本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性,故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知,配备防碰撞系统,无人机使用激光来探测物体,用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体,如果探测到物体,无人机就会停下来或者后退,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知,这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策,需要多措并举,才能达到目的,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科教类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Movinginwithaboyfriendcauseswomentoeatmoreunhealthilyandputonweight.Buttheoppositeistrueformen,whoselong-termhealthbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner.
DieticiansatNewcastleUniversitysaidbothpartnerstrytopleaseoneanother,andsochangetheirdietaryhabitstosuittheirotherhalf.
Itleadsmentoeatmorelightmeals,suchassalads,fruitandvegetables,whilewomenchoosetomakecreamier,heavierdishescurryorrichpastasauces,whichmaypleasetheirpartner.Womenstillhavethestrongestlong-terminfluenceoverthecouple'sdietandlifestyle,astheystillhavethetraditionalroleofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds.
Thereport,byNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,reviewedthefindingofavarietyofresearchprojectsfromtheUK,NorthAmericaandAustralia,whichlookedattheeatingandlifestylehabitsofcouples.
Theresearchshowsthatwomenaremorelikelytoputonweightandincreasetheirconsumptionoffoodshighinfatandsugarwhentheymoveinwiththeirpartner
Womenalsousefoodasacomfortwhendealingwithemotionalstressandhavebeenfoundtogainweightwhenarelationshipends,whilethesamefindinghasnotbeenobservedinmen.
Manycouplesreportedfoodasbeingcentraltotheirpartnership,andeatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.
ReportauthorandregistereddieticianDr.AmeliaLakesaid,"Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration."
(1)Accordingtothepassage,movinginwithagirlfriend,men________.
A. havefewchangesoftheirdietaryhabits
B. havetoeatmoreunhealthyfoods
C. don'tlikefoodshighinfatandsugaratall D. trytoeatfoodsthattheirgirlfriendslike
(2)Theunderlinedword"light"(inParagraph4)probablymeans________.
A. notveryheavy
B. lessinfatandsugar
C. gentle
D. notseriousorimportant
(3)AccordingtothereportbyNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,________.
A. womenputonweightonlybecausetheywanttosuittheirotherhalf
B. whenmenarefacedwithemotionalstress,theywillchangetheirdietaryhabits
C. eatingtogetherintheeveningisagoodwaytocommunicateforcouples
D. itiswrongtochangeyourdietaryhabitstosuityourpartner
(4)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.
A. womenshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirpartner'sinfluenceonthem
B. moremenwillplayrolesofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds
C. coupleswillnotchangetheirdietaryhabitsandlifestyletopleasetheirpartner
D. long-termhealthofmenbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner
(5)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A. Don'tbesillyanymore,women!
B. Whicharebetterdietaryhabits?
C. Boyfriendsmakeyoufat D. Dr.AmeliaLakeandhisstudy
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
(5)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明,同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“whichmaypleasetheirpartner”可知,男女双方会改变自己的饮食习惯来迎合对方,因此男士会吃他的女伴喜欢吃的食物。
故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“salads,fruitandvegetables”可推断,light在此是“清淡的”的意思,脂肪和糖的含量比较少。
故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“eatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.”晚上一起吃饭对许多人来说特别重要,可知选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration.”研究表明你的伴侣对你的生活方式有很大的影响,那些试图过上健康生活的人应该考虑到这一因素。
可选A。
(5)考查主旨大意。
纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明,同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。
C项幽默风趣,能吸引读者的注意,并切中文章的主题。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Boomerangchildrenwhoreturntolivewiththeirparentsafteruniversitycanbegoodforfamilies,leadingtocloser,moresupportiverelationshipsandincreasedcontactbetweenthegenerations,astudyhasfound.
Thefindingscontradictresearchpublishedearlierthisyearshowingthatreturningadultchildrentriggerasignificantdeclineintheirparents'qualityoflifeandwellbeing.
Theyoungadultstakingpartinthestudywere"morepositivethanmighthavebeenexpectedaboutmovingbackhome—theshameisreducedassomanyoftheirpeersareinthesameposition,andtheyacknowledgedthebenefitsoftheirparents'financialandemotionalsupport.Daughterswerehappierthansons,oftenslippingbackeasilyintoteenagepatternsofbehaviour,thestudyfound.
Parentsonthewholeweremoreuncertain,expressingconcernaboutthelikelydurationofthearrangementandhowtomanageit.Buttheyacknowledgedthatthingsweredifferentforgraduatestoday,wholeaveuniversitywithhugedebtsandfewerjobopportunities.
Thefamiliesfeaturedinthestudyweremiddle-classandtendedtoviewtheachievementofadultindependencefortheirchildrenasa"familyproject".Parentsacceptedthattheirchildrenrequiredsupportasuniversitystudentsandthenasgraduatesreturninghome,astheytriedtofindjobspayingenoughtoenablethemtomoveoutandgetonthehousingladder.
"However",thestudysays,"day-to-daytensionsabouttheprospectsofachievingdifferentdimensionsofindependence,whichinafewextremecasescameclosetoconflict,characterisedtheexperienceofamajorityofparentsandalittleoverha