广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学.docx
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广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学
2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷
(课程代码06422)
(20%)
Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.
1.Thetotalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshislinguisticr_______.
2.I________motivationreferstolearnerslearningthesecondlanguageforenjoymentorpleasurefromlearning.
3.Thephonetictranscription,n______transcription,isnormallyusedbyphoneticianstogiveminuteanddetaileddescriptionsofspeechsounds.
4.Thewaythatnewwordsarecoinedfromalreadyexistingwordsby“subtracting”anaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldwordiscalledb_______.
5.Themeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponentscalledsemanticf_______.
6.Inadditiontosocialchanges,oneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechangeseemstobethecontinualprocessofculturalt________acrossgenerations.
7.P______isthestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.
8.Whenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideaparttoletairgothroughwithoutvibration,thesoundsthusproducedarev_________.
9.Thesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyisnamedasthes_______community.
10.AccordingtoN.Chomsky,c________referstotheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.
11.P_____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
12.Thenotionofc_______isessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.
13.Damagetopartsoftheleftcortexbehindthecentralsulcusresultsinatypeofaphasiacalledf_____aphasia.
14.Thec__________viewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.
15.Lexicald________taskisakindofexperimentpsycholinguisticsemploytoinvestigatelexicalaccess.
16.Atheorywhichexplicitlyemploysthenotion“concept”isthesemantict________proposedbyOgdenandRichardsintheirbookTheMeaningofMeaning.
17.Clear[l]anddark[l]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/l/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc_________distribution.
18.Sincethereareoftenintermediateformsbetweenthetwomembersofanantonymouspair,sotheyarecalledg________antonyms.
19.S_______isconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.
20.At_______experimentisatechniquethatisusedtostudythedeterminantsofsentenceprocessingdifficulty.
II.Multiplechoice(15%)
Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.
21.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,_______,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.
A.phrasesB.sentencesC.morphemesD.utterance
22.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:
A.voiceless,bilabial,stopB.voiceless,labiodental,fricative
C.voiced,bilabial,stopD.voiced,labiodental,fricative
studyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled______.
A.universallinguisticsB.commonlinguistics
C.prescriptivelinguisticsD.generallinguistics
thephrasestructurerule“S→NPVP”,thearrowcanbereadas_______.
A.isequaltoB.consistsofC.hasD.generates
illocutionarypointof_____istoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.
A.representativesB.commissivesC.expressivesDdeclarations
GenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby_____in1957.
motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.
A.InstrumentalB.FunctionalC.IntegrativeD.Social
differentwordsmayhavethesameorsimilarmeaning,thesamewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Thiskindofwordsarecalled_________.
A.polysemicwordsB.homographsC.homonymsD.synonyms
term_____linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangesovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.
A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative
acttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopher____inthelate50’softhe20thcentury.
thelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesforcorrectandstandardbehaviorinusinglanguage,itissaidtobe_______.
A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronic
thecaseofspit,theconsonant[p]issaidtobe_____.
A.aspiratedB.voicedC.unaspiratedD.unprounceable
theelement“-es”indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement“-ed”pasttense,and“-ing”progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitsoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso_______.
A.phonemesB.phonesC.allophonesD.morphemes
areclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thiskindtowhich‘girl’and‘lass’belongiscalled___synonyms.
A.stylisticB.dialectalC.emotiveD.collocational
aspeechcommunityPeoplehavesomethingincommon_____:
alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit..
B.linguisticallyC.culturallyD.pragmatically
III.Trueoffalsejudgement(20%)
36.Theinteractionistviewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelops.
37.Acreoleissaidtobeformedwhenapidginhasbecometheprimarylanguageofaspeechcommunity,andisacquiredbythechildrenofthatspeechcommunityastheirnativelanguage.
38.Gardenpathsentenceisanawkwardsentencethatmisleadsthespeakersandtakesthemdownthegardenpathtoawrongdirection.
39.Aphonemeisthesmallestlinguisticunitofsoundthatcandistinguishtwowords.
40.Registerreferstothetypeofutterancewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeoftypology.
41.Phonologystudiesthefunctioningofthespeechsounds.
42.PredicationanalysiswasproposedbytheBritishlinguistJ.Searletoanalyzethemeaningofutterance.
43.Specifiershavebothspecialsemanticandsyntacticrolessincetheyhelpmakemoreprecisethemeaningoftheheadandmarkaphraseboundary.
44.Differentlanguageofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisalsoknownaslinguisticrelativity.
45.Metacognitivestrategiesdealwiththewaysidelearnersinteractorcommunicatewithotherspeakers,nativeornon-native.
IV.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)
46.derivationalmorpheme
47.IPA(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)
48.culturaltransmission
49.DeepStructurevs.SurfaceStructure
50.Thenamingtheory
V.Essayquestion(20%)
51.AccordingtoAustin,whatarethethreeactsapersonispossiblyperformingwhilemakinganutteranceGiveanexample.
部分参考答案(非官方答案,但大部分正确):
C22.B24.B28.A
42.F43.T45.F