金属材料基础知识.docx
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金属材料基础知识
常见金属材料基础知识
(简要读本――仅供内部使用)
华阳恩赛有限公司(中美合资)
NCHHUAYANGLTD.
二零零四年十二月
2004○CCopyrightByNCHHuayangLTD.Allrightsreserved
常见金属材料基础知识(简要读本――仅供内部使用)(2004VER.)
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目录
前言.........................................................................................................................................4
第一章概述................................................................................................................................5
第二章金属材料..........................................................................................................................7
第一讲黑色金属...................................................................................................................7
第一节铁及其分类........................................................................................................7
1.生铁.....................................................................................................................8
2.铸铁.....................................................................................................................9
第二节钢及其分类......................................................................................................13
1.按品质分类.........................................................................................................13
2.按化学成份分类..................................................................................................14
3.按成形方法分类..................................................................................................14
4.按用途分类.........................................................................................................14
5.按金相组织分类..................................................................................................15
6.综合分类............................................................................................................17
7.按冶炼方法分类..................................................................................................17
8.按钢材外形分类..................................................................................................17
第三节中国钢号表示方法............................................................................................18
1.中国钢号表示方法概述.......................................................................................18
2.中国钢号表示方法的分类说明.............................................................................18
第四节板材知识..........................................................................................................26
1.钢板(包括带钢)的分类....................................................................................26
2.硅钢片牌号表示方法...........................................................................................27
3.电镀锡板和热镀锌板...........................................................................................27
4.沸腾钢板与镇静钢板...........................................................................................29
5.优质碳素结构钢板..............................................................................................30
6.专用结构钢板.....................................................................................................30
7.彩色涂层钢板.....................................................................................................31
8.船体用结构钢.....................................................................................................31
9.宝钢1550冷轧产品牌号命名方法.......................................................................31
第五节型材知识..........................................................................................................32
1.型材的分类.........................................................................................................32
2.型钢中大、中、小型的划分................................................................................33
3.热轧带肋钢筋.....................................................................................................34
常见金属材料基础知识(简要读本――仅供内部使用)(2004VER.)
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4.热轧H型钢........................................................................................................35
5.冷弯型钢............................................................................................................35
第六节管材知识..........................................................................................................36
1.管材的分类.........................................................................................................36
2.无缝钢管............................................................................................................36
3.焊接钢管............................................................................................................37
第七节不锈钢知识......................................................................................................37
1.不锈钢热轧钢.....................................................................................................37
2.不锈钢冷轧钢板..................................................................................................38
3.各种不锈钢的特性和用途....................................................................................39
4.世界各国不锈钢标准钢号对照表.........................................................................39
第二讲有色金属材料(非黑色金属).................................................................................42
第一节有色金属概述...................................................................................................42
1.有色金属分类.....................................................................................................42
2.有色金属产品牌号表示方法................................................................................43
第二节铜及铜合金......................................................................................................46
1.纯铜...................................................................................................................46
2.铜合金................................................................................................................46
3.铜材...................................................................................................................49
第三节铝及铝合金......................................................................................................52
1.纯铝产品............................................................................................................52
2.压力加工铝合金..................................................................................................53
3.铝材...................................................................................................................54
4.铸造铝合金.........................................................................................................54
5.高强度铝合金.....................................................................................................55
第三章金属腐蚀基础.................................................................................................................56
第一讲金属腐蚀概述..........................................................................................................56
第一节金属腐蚀的分类...............................................................................................56
第二节金属腐蚀的形态...............................................................................................56
1.全面(均匀)腐蚀..............................................................................................57
2.孔蚀...................................................................................................................57
3.缝隙腐蚀............................................................................................................58
4.脱层腐蚀............................................................................................................59
5.晶间腐蚀............................................................................................................59
6.选择性腐蚀.........................................................................................................60
7.磨损腐蚀............................................................................................................60
常见金属材料基础知识(简要读本――仅供内部使用)(2004VER.)
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8.应力腐蚀破裂.....................................................................................................61
9.氢腐蚀................................................................................................................62
10.腐蚀疲劳..........................................................................................................63
第二讲黑色金属及其合金耐蚀性........................................................................................64
第一节碳钢和普通铸铁的耐蚀性.................................................................................64
1.耐蚀性能............................................................................................................64
2.影响耐蚀性的因素..............................................................................................64
第二节耐蚀合金铸铁...................................................................................................64
第三节耐蚀低合金钢...................................................................................................65
第四节不锈钢的耐蚀性...............................................................................................65
1.铬13不锈钢......................................................................................................65
2.铬17不锈钢......................................................................................................66
3.铬18镍9不锈钢...............................................................................................66
4.铬18镍12钼(钛)不锈钢...............................................................................67
5.铬20镍22~30不锈钢―20号合金.....................................................................67
第三讲有色金属及其合金耐蚀性............................................................................