票据法.docx
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票据法
LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonNegotiableInstruments
(Adoptedatthe13thMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEighthNationalPeople’sCongressonMay10,1995,promulgatedbyOrderNo.49ofthePresidentofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonMay10,1995,andamendedaccordingtotheDecisionoftheStandingCommitteeoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongressonAmendingtheLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonNegotiableInstrumentsadoptedatits11thMeetingonAugust28,2004)
Contents
ChapterIGeneralProvisions
ChapterIIBillsofExchange
Section1Issue
Section2Endorsement
Section3Acceptance
Section4Guaranty
Section5Payment
Section6RightofRecourse
ChapterIIIPromissoryNotes
ChapterIVCheques
ChapterVApplicationofLawtoNegotiableInstrumentsInvolvingForeignElements
ChapterVILegalResponsibility
ChapterVIISupplementaryProvisions
ChapterI
GeneralProvisions
Article1ThisLawisenactedtoregulateactsinvolvingnegotiableinstruments,protectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofpartiesengagedinactivitiesinvolvingnegotiableinstruments,maintainpublicandeconomicorderandpromotethedevelopmentofthesocialistmarketeconomy.
Article2ThisLawshallbeapplicabletoactivities,involvingnegotiableinstruments,thatarecarriedonwithintheterritoryofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.
Theterm“negotiableinstrument”asusedinthisLawmeansbillofexchange,promissorynoteandcheque.
Article3Inactivitiesinvolvingnegotiableinstruments,peopleshallcomplywithlawsandadministrativeregulationsandshallnotjeopardizepublicinterests.
Article4Whenmakinganegotiableinstrument,thedrawershallsignitpursuanttotherequirementsprescribedbylawandshallbeliableaccordingtoitstenor.
Whenexercisingtherightsonanegotiableinstrument,theholdershallsignitaccordingtolegalproceduresandpresentit.
Otherdebtorssigningtheinstrumentshallbeliableaccordingtoitstenor.
TherightonanegotiableinstrumentasusedinthisLawmeanstherightofaholdertodemandfromthepersonliableforthenegotiableinstrumentpaymentofthesumpayablebytheinstrument,includingtherightofclaimforpaymentandtherightofrecourse.
LiabilityonanegotiableinstrumentasusedinthisLawmeanstheobligationofadebtortopaythesumpayablebytheinstrumenttotheholder.
Article5Apartytoanegotiableinstrumentmayauthorizehisagenttosigntheinstrumentandtheagencyrelationshipshallbeindicatedthereon.
Apersonwhowithoutauthorizationsignsanegotiableinstrumentinthenameofanagentshallbeliablefortheinstrument.Ifanagentgoesbeyondtheauthorization,heshallbeliablefortheinstrumenttotheextentwhereheexceedstheauthorization.
Article6Ifapersonhavingnocapacityorlimitedcapacityforcivilactssignsanegotiableinstrument,thesignatureshallbenullandvoid,butthisshallnotaffecttheeffectofothers’signatures.
Article7Thesignatureonanegotiableinstrumentmeansanautograph,asealoranautographaccompaniedbyaseal.
Thesignatureputbyalegalpersonoranotherentityissuingthenegotiableinstrumentmeansthesealofthelegalpersonortheentityaccompaniedbythesignatureofitslegalrepresentativeorauthorizedagent.
Thesignatureonanegotiableinstrumentshallbethetruenameofthepartythereto.
Article8ThesumonanegotiableinstrumentshallbespecifiedinbothcapitalChinesecharactersandnumericalfigures,thetwomustbeexactlythesame.Otherwise,theinstrumentshallbenullandvoid.
Article9TheparticularsspecifiedonanegotiableinstrumentshallbeinconformitywiththeprovisionsofthisLaw.
Thesum,dateandthenameofthepayeeofanegotiableinstrumentshallnotbealtered.Aninstrumentwithanyalterationisnullandvoid.
Otherparticularsonanegotiableinstrumentmaybealteredbythepersonwhorecordedthem,butheshallverifythealterationsbyputtinghissignaturethereto.
Article10Theissue,acquisitionandnegotiationofaninstrumentshallfollowtheprincipleofgoodfaithandreflectthetruerelationshipoftransactionandbetweenthecreditorandthedebtor.
Anegotiableinstrumentshallbeacquiredbypaymentofconsideration,thatis,thepricecorrespondingtowhatisagreeduponbythetwopartiestotheinstrument.
Article11Acquisitionofanegotiableinstrumentthroughtaxation,inheritanceordonationwhich,accordingtolaw,mayberealizedwithoutpaymentshallbeexemptedfrompaymentofconsideration.However,theholder’srightstotheinstrumentshallnotexceedthoseofhispriorpartiesthereto.
Theterm“priorparties”meansotherpersonsliableforanegotiableinstrumentwhoputtheirsignaturesthereonpriortothecurrentsignerorholder.
Article12Apersonwhoacquiresanegotiableinstrumentbymeansoffraud,theft,orcoercion,or,withknowledgeoftheaforementionedsituations,acquirestheinstrumentoutofillintentionshallhavenorightthereon.
Aholderwho,bygrossnegligence,acquiresanegotiableinstrumentthatisnotinconformitywiththeprovisionsofthisLaw,shallhavenorightthereon,either.
Article13Apersonliableforanegotiableinstrumentmaynotsetupagainsttheholdersuchdefensesthatareavailableasbetweenhimselfandthedrawerorbetweenhimselfandtheholder’spriorpartyorparties,unlessthecurrentholderacquirestheinstrumentwithknowledgeofthedefenses.
Apersonliableforanegotiableinstrumentmaysetupdefensesagainsttheholderwhohasadirectcreditor-debtorrelationshipwithhimanddoesnotperformtheobligationsagreedupon.
“Defense”asusedinthisLawmeansrefusalbyapersonliableforanegotiableinstrumenttoperformhisobligationstothecreditorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisLaw.
Article14Particularsrecordedonanegotiableinstrumentshallbetruthfulandshallnotbeforgedoraltered.Whoeverforgesoraltersthesignatureorotherparticularsrecordedonaninstrumentshallbearlegalresponsibility.
Aforgedoralteredsignatureonanegotiableinstrumentshallnotaffecttheeffectofothertruesignaturesthereon.
Whereotherparticularsrecordedonanegotiableinstrumenthavebeenaltered,asignertheretobeforethealterationismadeshallbeliablefortheparticularsoriginallyrecorded,asignertheretoafterthealterationismadeshallbeliableforthealteredparticulars.Whereitishardtotellwhetherasignatureisputbeforeorafterthealteration,itshallbedeemedasoneputbeforethealteration.
Article15Intheeventanegotiableinstrumentislost,thepersonlosingitmaypromptlynotifythedraweeofthelossforthelattertostoppaymentthereof,unlessnodraweeisrecordedontheinstrumentoritishardtoidentifythedraweeorhisagent.
Thedraweewhoreceivesnoticetostoppaymentofthelostinstrumentshallsuspenditspayment.
Thepersonwholosestheinstrumentshall,withinthreedaysafterservingthestop-paymentnoticeorafterlosingtheinstrument,applytoaPeople’sCourtaccordingtolawformakingthisexigencyknowntothepublicorbringanactioninaPeople’sCourt.
Article16Toexerciseorpreservehisrightsonanegotiableinstrumentagainstthepersonwhoisliablefortheinstrument,theholdershalldoitonthebusinesspremisesofthepartyconcernedandwithinthebusinesshours,orathisdomicileintheabsenceofbusinesspremises.
Article17Therightsonanegotiableinstrumentlapse,unlessexercisedwithinthefollowingtimelimits:
(1)twoyearsfromthedateofmaturityofthenegotiableinstrumentfortheholderagainstthedraweroracceptor;twoyearsfromthedateofissueofabillorapromissorynotepayableatsightfortheholderagainstthedraweroracceptor;
(2)sixmonthsfromthedateofissueofachequefortheholderagainstthedrawer;
(3)sixmonthsfromthedateofnon-acceptanceornon-paymentfortheholder’srightofrecourseagainstthepriorholders;or
(4)threemonthsfromthedateofsettlementorfilingalawsuitfortheholder’srightofre-recourseagainstthepriorparties.
Thedateofissueandthedateofmaturityofanegotiableinstrumentshallbedeterminedbythepartiestheretoaccordingtolaw.
Article18Theholderofanegotiableinstrumentwhoforfeitshisrightsthereonbyreasonoflimitationoftimeordefectsinspecifiedparticularsontheinstrumentstillhascivilrightsandheisentitledtodemandthedraweroracceptortomakearefundequivalenttothesumintheinstrumentnotyetpaid.
ChapterII
BillsofExchange
Section1
Issue
Article19Abillofexchangeisanegotiableinstrument,signedandissuedbythedrawer,whoauthorizesthedraweetopayunconditionallyasumcertaininmoneytothepayeeortheholderatsightoronaspecifieddate.
Billsofexchangeincludebanker’sbillsandcommercialbills.
Article20“Issue”meansadrawer’ssigningofabillofexchangeanddeliveringofittothepayee.
Article21Thedrawerofabillofexchangemustmaintainabonafiderelationshipofentrustedpaymentwiththedraweeandhaveareliablesourceoffundstopaytheamountofsumonthebill.
Noonemaysignandissuebillsofexchangewithoutconsiderationtodefraudfundfromabankorotherpartiestothebills.
Article22Thefollowingparticularsshallbespecifiedonabillofexchange:
(1)wordsexpressingittobeabillofexchange;
(2)anunconditionalordertopay;
(3)asumcertaininmoney;
(4)nameofthedrawee;
(5)nameofthepayee;
(6)dateofissue;and
(7)signatureofthedrawer.
Abillofexchangeisvoidifanyoftheabove-mentionedparticularsisnotspecifiedthereon.
Article23Thedateofpayment,placeofpaym