THE COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYSEMY2.docx

THE COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYSEMY2.docx

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THECOGNITIVEANALYSISOFPOLYSEMY2

THECOGNITIVEANALYSISOFPOLYSEMY

Acknowledgements

MysinceregratitudefirstgoestoProfessorHuanghao,mythesissupervisor,withoutwhosemeticulousscrutinyofmywork,thecompletionofthisthesiswouldhavebeenimpossible.

Iamalsogratefultoallmyformerteacherswhosecoursesandlectureshaveenlightenedandinspiredme,andtoallthosewhohaveshownkindconcernandofferedvaluablesuggestionsformystudyandresearch.

MythanksarealsoextendedtotheauthorswhoseworksIhavecitedorquoted,andtothescholarsuponwhoseideasIhavedrawn.

Contents

Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………...3

Abstract4

摘要6

Introduction7

1．ThedefinitionofEnglishPolysemy8

1.1Thedefinitionofword8

1.2ThedefinitionofPolysemy8

2．CharacterizationofEnglishPolysemy9

2.1PolysemyandHomonymy9

2.2PolysemyandAmbiguity注意文中大小写如下划线的9

2.3Polysemyandculture9

3．Theshortcomingsofthetraditionalsemantictheories11

3.1SemanticComponentialApproach11

3.2StructuralApproach11

3.3Theshortcomingsofthetraditionalapproaches12

4．Humancognitivestructure13

4.1cognitivestructure13

4.2cognitivelinguistics13

4.3CognitiveLinguisticResearchesonPotysemy14

4.4PsycholinguisdcResearchesonPolysemy15

5．ThetypeofEnglishPolysemy16

5.1metaphor16

5.2metonymy17

6．Theeffectsofpolysemouswordonsentencescomprehension19

7．Conclusion20

Bibliography21

Abstract

Polysemyisapeculiarityofhumanspeech,andaveryimportantandpervasivesemanticphenomenonacrosslanguages.Itrepresentstheefficiencyandcreativityofalanguage,andminimizethenumberofwordformsbygivingthemseveralmeanings.Withthedevelopmentofhumans'cognitiveabilitiesandtheincreaseoftheneedsofrecognizingtheworld,Polysemybecomesmoreandmoreimportantandcanbeseenalmosteverywhereinlanguages.Polysemyisaresultofdiachronicchangeandderivationofwordmeanings,butapolysemeisasynchronicentity.Themeaningsofonewordareconnectedtogethersharingsomethingincommon,whichcanbecalledacategoryandthecoremeaningofthiswordistheprototype.Withtheevolutionofsociety,manynewthingsandideascomeintobeingeveryday.Inthepast,peoplemoreconcernedexternalreasonswhichcausethechangesofmeaningsofpolysemouswords,withouttakingaccountoftheunderlyingcognitivebasisonPolysemy.SotheycannotgrasptheessenceofPolysemy.ManylinguisticschoolershavemadestudiesonPolysemy,butmostofthemfocusedtheirstudyontheinner-structureofthelanguageandignoredthecorrelationbetweentherealworldandlanguage.Asaresult,theydidn’tgiveareasonableandpowerfulexplanationtoPolysemy.Cognitivelinguisticsinlate1970sanalysethefunctionofhumanexperienceintheformationanddevelopmentofPolysemy,theypresentsasystematicandmoreconvincingwayofPolysemyCognitivelinguisticsholdsthatPolysemyisaprocessthattheprototypicalmeaningextendsbymeansofconcatenationandradiation,andistheresultofhumanconceptualization.Metaphorandmetonymyarethetwomaininstrumentsofmeaningextensions.

ThethesisgivesarelativelythoroughinterpretationofPolysemyfromthecognitiveperspective.ThethesisbeginswiththedefinitionandcharacterizationofEnglishPolysemy,thenpointouttheshortcomingsofthetraditionalsemantictheorieswhileinterpretingthepolysemousphenomenon.ThearticleanalysehumancognitivestructureandthensummarizethetypeofEnglishPolysemy.Atlast,thearticleexplaintheeffectsofpolysemouswordonsentencescomprehension

Keywords:

Polysemy；Cognitiveperspective；Metaphor

摘要

一词多义是人类语言的一大特色，也是人类语言中的普遍现象。

在英语学习的过程中，一词多义是普遍现象，也是习得者学习词汇过程中的最大难点之一。

随着人们认知能力的发展和对社会进行认识的需要，语言中的一词多义变得日益常见，也越来越重要。

很多情况下对于一个很简单的常用词，学生却很难猜测其在语境中的具体意思，造成句子的曲解。

正是由于其重要性和复杂性，很多语言学派都对一词多义现象进行过研究，但大多集中于对语言内部结构的研究，而没有认识到语言与客观世界的关系。

没有抓住一词多义的本质，传统语言学派未能对这现象给出合理的解释。

直到认知语言学的出现，为分析一词多义现象提供了更为系统有力的力一法。

认知语言学家从语言的外部结构出发，揭示了作为语言的主体的人在一词多义形成发展过程中的作用。

认知语义学认为一词多义是山原型意义向其它意义扩展的过程，是人类认知概念化的结果，隐喻和转喻是语义产生的两种主要机制。

在论文中，笔者从认知语言学的角度对一词多义的现象作出了全面的分析，笔者首先阐述了一词多义的相关概念及其特点。

其次，笔者分析了传统语义理论在阐释一词多义时的理论缺陷及不足。

在此基础上，笔者分析了人类认知结构的特点，阐述了人类语言、认知及外部客观世界之间的关系。

然后总结了英语一词多义的类型，最后分析了一词多义在句意理解方面的作用。

关键词：

一词多义，认知观点，隐喻

Introduction

1.1Backgroundofresearch

Alllivinglanguagesareconstantlychangingandchangesoccurinalmosteveryaspectoflanguage,includingsound,meaningandgrammar.Englishiswidelyusedinmanyfields.ManycountriesseeEnglishasamostimportantpartofcitizens’educationintheirstrategieswhichexactlyshowtheirrecognition.Englishwordsarethemostflexiblepartinlanguageanditispreciselytheirsemanticaspectthatrespondsmostreadilytoeverychangeinsociallife.themostconvenientandeconomicalwayforpeopletoexpressnewideasisaddingnewmeaningstotheexistingwords.

Polysemyisa