高考英语一轮复习 精选提分专练 第五周 星期二 阅读理解科普知识类+健康环保类七选五+语法填空.docx

高考英语一轮复习 精选提分专练 第五周 星期二 阅读理解科普知识类+健康环保类七选五+语法填空.docx

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高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第五周星期二阅读理解科普知识类+健康环保类七选五+语法填空

2019年高考英语一轮复习精选提分专练第五周星期二阅读理解（科普知识类+健康环保类）七选五+语法填空

Ⅰ.阅读理解

（xx·河南南阳一中月考）

OneeveninginFebruaryxx，astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteroadinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That’swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultCliowasparkedacrossarailwayline.Secondslater，shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometerdowntherailwaytracks.

Ceely’snearmissmadethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice（导航仪）.Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS，butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.“Iputmypletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain，”shetoldtheBBC.

Whoistoblamehere？

RickStevenson，whotellsCeely’sstoryinhisbookWhenMachinesFailUs，pointsthefingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.Weputourfaithindigitaldevices，hesays，butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit’snotjustGPSdevices：

Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskeyboards.

Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit’snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology，whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.Amapmakermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.Perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignallingsystem.OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeGPSequipment.ButStevensondoesn’tsay.

It’saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook.Inasectiononcars，Stevensongivesanaccountoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatputerbasedlockingsystemsforcars.Heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft；bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry.Hesaysthatonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliable.Perhaps，butmaybeit’salsoduetotheshortageofpolicemenonthestreets.Orchangingsocialcircumstances.Orsomebinationofthesefactors.

Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandplex.Itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybeawayforawiseruseoftechnology.

Ifthereissuchaway，itshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortingsofourmachines.Afterall，wehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears.Theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong.

1.Theunderlinedphrase“nearmiss”inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby.

A.closehitB.heavyloss

C.narrowescapeD.bigmistake

2.WhichofthefollowingwouldRickStevensonmostprobablyagreewith?

A.Digitaltechnologyoftenfallsshortofourexpectation.

B.Moderntechnologyiswhatwecan’tlivewithout.

C.Digitaldevicesaremorereliablethantheyusedtobe.

D.GPSerrorisnottheonlycauseforCeely’saccident.

3.Inthewriter’sopinion，Stevenson’sargumentis.

A.wellbasedB.reasonable

C.puzzlingD.onesided

4.Whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle?

A.Themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts.

B.Thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems.

C.Therelationshipbetweenhumansandtechnology.

D.Theshortingsofdigitaldevicesweuse.

B

（xx·河南漯河高级中学期中）

Theterm“healthyobesity”hasgainedvalueoverthepast15years，butscientistshaverecentlyquestioneditsveryexistence.“Ournewfindingssuggestthathealthmeasuresmaybenecessaryforallobese（肥胖的）individuals，eventhosepreviouslyconsideredtobemetabolically（代谢的）healthy，”saysstudyfirstauthorMikael，“Sinceobesityisthemajordriverchanginggeneexpressioninfatcells，weshouldcontinuetofocusonpreventingobesity.”

Obesityhasbeenaglobalproblem，affectingapproximately600millionpeopleworldwideandincreasingtheriskofheartdisease，stroke，cancer，andsoon.Butinthe1970sand80s，expertsbegantoquestiontheextenttowhichobesityincreasestheriskforthesedisorders.Laterstudiesinthelate90sandearlyxxsshowedthatsomeobesepeopleshowarelativelyhealthylife.

However，therearenoacceptedmeasuresformeasuringmetabolicallyhealthyobesity，andwhetherornotsuchathingexistsisnowupfordiscussion.“Ourstudysuggeststhattheideaofmetabolicallyhealthyobesitymaybemoredifficultthanthought，”Mikaelsays，“Theredoesn’tappeartobeaclearlinethatseparatesobesesubjectswithhighorlowinsulin（胰岛素）sensitivity，indicatingthatobesityisthemajordriverexplainingthechangesingeneexpression.”

Onelimitationofthestudyisthatitexaminedgeneexpressiononlyinwhitefatcells，notothertypes.Moreover，alloftheobesesubjectswerescheduledtoexperienceobesityoperations，sothefindingsmayonlyapplytopeoplewithsevereobesity.Infutureresearch，Mikaelandhisgroupwilltrackthestudypatientsaftersurgerytodeterminewhetherweightlossnormalizesgeneexpressionresponses.Theywillalsolookforspecificgeneslinkedtoimprovedmetabolichealthinthesepeople.

Inthemeantime，thestudyhasanimportanttakehomemessage.“Obesepeoplemaynotbeasmetabolicallyhealthyaspreviouslybelieved，”Rydensays.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“healthyobesity”mean?

A.Itcanbehealthywithobesity.

B.Obesityisnecessarytobehealthy.

C.Unhealthypeoplehavenoobesity.

D.Healthhassomethingtodowithobesity.

6.Whatleadstohealthyobesityfailingtoprovetrue?

A.Lackofrelatedpatients.

B.Lackofgeneticevidence.

C.Lackofresearchfunding.

D.Lackofneededstandards.

7.Whatadvicecanreadersgetfromthepassage?

A.Peopleshouldhaveahealthylifestyle.

B.Peopleshouldacceptobesityinaway.

C.Peopleshouldkeepabalancedweight.

D.Peopleshouldavoidobesityoperations.

8.Whichcanbestdescribetheauthor’sintentioninwritingthepassage?

Apare，analyzeandconclude.

B.Show，appreciate，andpersuade.

C.Introduce，argueandadvertise.

D.Present，informandinspire.

Ⅱ.七选五

（xx·湖南重点名校大联考）

Weeatinourcars，atourdesks，onthego，andinfrontoftheTV.Weeattakeout，packagedandpreparedmeals.Why？

Becauseitfitsournotenoughtimeinthedaylifestyles.9Well，I’mcertainlynotthefirstonetothinkit—orsayit—butweallneedtoslowdown.

Consumertrendsaroundtheglobeshowthatoverthepastthreedecadespeoplearepurchasingmorepreparedfoodsatthegroceryandeatingoutmorethaneverbefore.It’spredictedthatwe’llspendmoreatrestaurantsintheingyears.10However，we’regettinglesshealthy.

Whiledebatescanbeseenindifferentmediaoverthefoodindustry’scontributiontoourgrowingwaistlinesandourhealthproblems，thebottomlineisthis：

11Wecanchoosetoeatafastfoodlunchonthego.Wecanthrowafrozenmealinthemicrowaveandcallit

dinner.Wecaneatwithoutthinking，infrontofthetube，atourputers，andwhiledrivingacar.

12Studieshaveshownmeaningfullinksbetweenfamilymealsandkids’mentalandphysicalwellbeing.Eatingsensiblydoesn’ttakemuchtimeormoney，butitdoesrequireyoutomakeaconsciousdecisiontodoso.Wrappedinendlesswork，appointmentsandsocialactivities，weoftenfailtoenjoyarelaxingmealwithourfamilies.

Whileitcanbeachallengetoalwaysputhealthyeatingfirst，justdoyourbest.Rememberthatthefoodyoueathasamoresignificantimpactonyourhealth，weightandwellbeingthanalmostanyotheractivityyoudo.13Everymealmadeathome—evenjustonceortwiceaweek—isastepclosertoahealthierbodyandaslowerfoodlifestyle.

A.Lunchisthebiggestcalorieintakewhenitestoeatingout.

B.Treatitwiththeimportancethatitdeserves，butstartsmall.

C.Ourfoodmatchesourlives.

D.Purchasefoodlocallyandskipasmanypackageditemsasyoucan.

E.Whatweeat，whereweeatandhowweeatareallunderourcontrol.

F.We’reconsuminganincreasingnumberofcalories.

G.Wecandevoteanhourofthedaytoenjoyingamealwithourfamilies.

Ⅲ.语法填空

（xx·云南玉溪一中期中）

Onlineshoppingisgettingmoreandmorepopularinmostcities，wherepeopleareabletomakefulluseoftherapidlydevelopedInternettechnology.

Itisweledbymostpeopledueto14.（vary）reasons.Fromtheangleoftheconsumers，itcansavemuchtimeforapersonwho15.（have）littlesparetimetogoshoppinginthemalls.By16.（simple）clickingthemouse，theycangetwhatevertheywantwhilestayingathome,17.maybetensofthousandsofkilometersawayfromtheonlineshops.Fortheretailers，itcancutsomecostsforthosewhodon’thavemuchcirculatingfunds.Italsosavesthemtheneedtorentahouse18.（pare）withtraditionaltradestyle.19.，therearestillsomedisadvantagesinonlineshopping.First，afacetofacedealmakesonlineshoppingless20.（rely）andtrustworthy.Second，peoplewilllosethefunofbargain.

21.isundeniablethatshoppingontheInternethasbeeanirresistibletrendinmodernsociety.Itisofgreatimportancethatwemaketherelativelawswiththerapid22.（grow）ofonlineshopping.Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureandconvenienceofonlineshoppingwithoutthefearof23.（cheat）.

答案精析

Ⅰ.

语篇解读　文章讲述了一个因为导航仪出错而引起的事故，告诉大家现代化的仪器也会出问题。

随着时代的发展，科技越来越先进，人类也越来越依赖科技，但有时候科技也会给人们带来麻烦和误导。

所以我们应该正确处理好人类与科技的关系。

1.C　[词义猜测题。

根据文章第一段最后一句“Secondslater，shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometerdowntherailwaytracks.”可知，她因为下车去开铁门而逃过一死。

故此处nearmiss与C项narrowescape表示“九死一生，死里逃生”意思相同，故选C。

]

2.A　[推理判断题。

根据文章第三段和第四段，特别是第三段第二句“Weputourfaithindigitaldevice，hesays，butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.”可知，RickStevenson认为我们信任数码设备，但是往往，他们却不合我们的心意，所以数码技术常常没有达到我们的期望。

词眼“expectation”和“faith”相关，故选A。

]

3.D　[推理