Preface to Lyrical Balladsby William Wordsworth.docx

Preface to Lyrical Balladsby William Wordsworth.docx

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PrefacetoLyricalBalladsbyWilliamWordsworth

PrefacetoLyricalBallads（byWilliamWordsworth）

I.ReadthefollowingwordsselectedfromPrefacetoLyricalBalladsbyWilliamWordsworthin1800andpayspecialattentiontohighlightedones.

Itwaspublished,asanexperiment,which,Ihoped,mightbeofsomeusetoascertain,howfar,byfittingtometricalarrangementaselectionofthereallanguageofmeninastateofvividsensation,thatsortofpleasureandthatquantityofpleasuremaybeimparted,whichaPoetmayrationallyendeavourtoimpart.

Theprincipalobject,then,proposedinthesePoemswastochooseincidentsandsituationsfromcommonlife,andtorelateordescribethem,throughout,asfaraswaspossibleinaselectionoflanguagereallyusedbymen,and,atthesametime,tothrowoverthemacertaincolouringofimagination,wherebyordinarythingsshouldbepresentedtothemindinanunusualaspect;and,further,andaboveall,tomaketheseincidentsandsituationsinterestingbytracinginthem,trulythoughnotostentatiously,theprimarylawsofournature:

chiefly,asfarasregardsthemannerinwhichweassociateideasinastateofexcitement.Humbleandrusticlifewasgenerallychosen,because,inthatcondition,theessentialpassionsoftheheartfindabettersoilinwhichtheycanattaintheirmaturity,arelessunderrestraint,andspeakaplainerandmoreemphaticlanguage;Thelanguage,too,ofthesemenhasbeenadopted。

。

。

becausesuchmenhourlycommunicatewith

thebestobjectsfromwhichthebestpartoflanguageisoriginallyderived;andbecause,fromtheirrankinsocietyandthesamenessandnarrowcircleoftheirintercourse,beinglessundertheinfluenceofsocialvanity,theyconveytheirfeelingsandnotionsinsimpleandunelaboratedexpressions.Accordingly,suchalanguage,arisingoutofrepeatedexperienceandregularfeelings,isamorepermanent,andafarmorephilosophicallanguage,thanthatwhichisfrequentlysubstitutedforitbyPoets,whothinkthattheyareconferringhonouruponthemselvesandtheirart,inproportionastheyseparatethemselvesfromthesympathiesofmen,andindulgeinarbitraryandcapricioushabitsofexpression,inordertofurnishfoodforfickletastes,andfickleappetites,oftheirowncreation.

Forallgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings:

andthoughthisbetrue,Poemstowhichanyvaluecanbeattachedwereneverproducedonanyvarietyofsubjectsbutbyamanwho,beingpossessedofmorethanusualorganicsensibility,hadalsothoughtlonganddeeply.Forourcontinuedinfluxesoffeelingaremodifiedanddirectedbyourthoughts,whichareindeedtherepresentativesofallourpastfeelings;and,asbycontemplatingtherelationofthesegeneralrepresentativestoeachother,wediscoverwhatisreallyimportanttomen,

WhatisaPoet?

towhomdoesheaddresshimself?

andwhatlanguageistobeexpectedfromhim?

—Heisamanspeakingtomen:

aman,itistrue,endowedwithmorelivelysensibility,moreenthusiasmandtenderness,whohasagreaterknowledgeofhumannature,andamorecomprehensivesoul,thanaresupposedtobecommonamongmankind;amanpleasedwithhisownpassionsandvolitions,andwhorejoicesmorethanothermeninthespiritoflifethatisinhim;delightingtocontemplatesimilarvolitionsandpassionsasmanifestedinthegoings-onoftheUniverse,andhabituallyimpelledtocreatethemwherehedoesnotfindthem.

Poetryistheimageofmanandnature.。

。

。

ThePoetwritesunderonerestrictiononly,namely,the

necessityofgivingimmediatepleasuretoahumanBeingpossessedofthatinformationwhichmaybeexpectedfromhim,notasalawyer,aphysician,amariner,anastronomer,oranaturalphilosopher,butasaMan.

Norletthisnecessityofproducingimmediatepleasurebeconsideredasadegradationofthe

Poet’sart.Itisfarotherwise.Itisanacknowledgementofthebeautyoftheuniverse,an

acknowledgementthemoresincere,becausenotformal,butindirect;itisatasklightandeasytohimwholooksattheworldinthespiritoflove:

further,itisahomagepaidtothenativeandnakeddignityofman,tothegrandelementaryprincipleofpleasure,bywhichheknows,andfeels,andlives,andmoves.

Inspiteofdifferenceofsoilandclimate,oflanguageandmanners,oflawsandcustoms:

inspiteofthingssilentlygoneoutofmind,andthingsviolentlydestroyed;thePoetbindstogetherbypassionandknowledgethevastempireofhumansociety,asitisspreadoverthewholeearth,andoveralltime.TheobjectsofthePoet’sthoughtsareeverywhere;thoughtheeyesandsensesofmanare,itistrue,hisfavouriteguides,yethewillfollowwheresoeverhecanfindanatmosphereofsensationinwhichtomovehiswings.Poetryisthefirstandlastofallknowledge—itisas

immortalastheheartofman.IfthelaboursofMenofscienceshouldevercreateanymaterialrevolution,directorindirect,inourcondition,andintheimpressionswhichwehabituallyreceive,thePoetwillsleepthennomorethanatpresent;hewillbereadytofollowthestepsoftheManofscience,notonlyinthosegeneralindirecteffects,buthewillbeathisside,carryingsensationintothemidstoftheobjectsofthescienceitself.

Ihavesaidthatpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings:

ittakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquillity:

theemotioniscontemplatedtill,byaspeciesofreaction,thetranquillitygraduallydisappears,andanemotion,kindredtothatwhichwasbeforethesubjectofcontemplation,isgraduallyproduced,anddoesitselfactuallyexistinthemind.

II.StudytwopoemsbyJohnKeatsandWaltWhitmanandtheirChineseversions.

OdetoaNightingale

byJohnKeats

1.

Myheartaches,andadrowsynumbness

pains

Mysense,asthoughofhemlockIhad

drunk,

Oremptiedsomedullopiatetothedrains

Oneminutepast,andLethe-wardshad

sunk:

'Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot,

Butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness,—

Thatthou,light-wingedDryadofthe

trees,

Insomemelodiousplot

Ofbeechengreen,andshadows

numberless,

Singestofsummerinfull-throatedease.

2.

O,foradraughtofvintage!

thathathbeen

Cool'dalongageinthedeep-delvedearth,

TastingofFloraandthecountrygreen,

Dance,andProvencalsong,andsunburntmirth!

OforabeakerfullofthewarmSouth,

Fullofthetrue,theblushfulHippocrene,

Withbeadedbubbleswinkingatthebrim,

Andpurple-stainedmouth;

ThatImightdrink,andleavetheworldunseen,

Andwiththeefadeawayintotheforestdim:

3.

Fadefaraway,dissolve,andquiteforget

Whatthouamongtheleaveshastneverknown,

Theweariness,thefever,andthefret

Here,wheremensitandheareachothergroan;

Wherepalsyshakesafew,sad,lastgrayhairs,

Whereyouthgrowspale,andspectre-thin,

anddies;

Wherebuttothinkistobefullofsorrow

Andleaden-eyeddespairs,

WhereBeautycannotkeepherlustrouseyes,

OrnewLovepineatthembeyondto-morrow.

4.

Away!

away!

forIwillflytothee,

NotchariotedbyBacchusandhispards,

ButontheviewlesswingsofPoesy,

Thoughthedullbrainperplexesandretards:

Alreadywiththee!

tenderisthenight,

AndhaplytheQueen-Moonisonher

throne,

Cluster'daroundbyallherstarryFays;

Butherethereisnolight,

Savewhatfromheaveniswiththebreezes

blown

Throughverdurousgloomsandwindingmossyways.

5.

Icannotseewhatflowersareatmyfeet,

Norwhatsoftincensehangsupontheboughs,

But,inembalmeddarkness,guesseach

sweet

Wherewiththeseasonablemonthendows

Thegrass,thethicket,andthefruit-tree

wild;

Whitehawthorn,andthepastoraleglantine;

Fastfadingvioletscover'dupinleaves;

Andmid-May'seldestchild,

Thecomingmusk-rose,fullofdewywine,

Themurmuroushauntoffliesonsummereves.

6.

DarklingIlisten;and,formanyatime

IhavebeenhalfinlovewitheasefulDeath,

Call'dhimsoftnamesinmanyamusedrhyme,

Totakeintotheairmyquietbreath;

Nowmorethaneverseemsitrichtodie,

Toceaseuponthemidnightwithnopain,

Whilethouartpouringforththysoulabroad

Insuchanecstasy!

Stillwouldstthousing,andIhaveearsin

vain—

Tothyhighrequiembecomeasod.

7.

Thouwastnotbornfordeath,immortalBird!

Nohungrygenerationstreadtheedown;ThevoiceIhearthispassingnightwasheard

Inancientdaysbyemperorandclown:

Perhapstheself-samesongthatfounda

path

ThroughthesadheartofRuth,when,sick

forhome,

Shestoodintearsamidthealiencorn;

Thesamethatoft-timeshath

Charm'dmagiccasements,openingonthe

foam

Ofperilousseas,infaerylandsforlorn.

8.

Forlorn!

theverywordislikeabell

Totoilmebackfromtheetomysoleself!

Adieu!

thefancycannotcheatsowell

Assheisfam'dtodo,deceivingelf.Adieu!

adieu!

thyplaintiveanthemfades

Pastthenearmeadows,overthestill

stream,

Upthehill-side;andnow'tisburieddeep

Inthenextvalley-glades:

Wasitavision,orawakingdream?

Fledisthatmusic:

—DoIwakeorsleep?

夜莺颂

1

我的心在痛，困盹和麻木

刺进了感官，有如饮过毒鸩，

又像是刚刚把鸦片吞服，

于是向着列斯忘川下沉:

并不是我嫉妒你的好运，

而是你的快乐使我太欢欣——

因为在林间嘹亮的天地里，

你呵，轻翅的仙灵。

你躲进山毛榉的葱绿和阴影，

放开了歌喉，歌唱着夏季。

2

唉，要是有一口酒～那冷藏

在地下多年的清醇饮料，一尝就令人想起绿色之邦，想起花神，恋歌，阳光和舞蹈～

要是有一杯南国的温暖

充满了鲜红的灵感之泉，

杯沿明灭着珍珠的泡沫，

给嘴唇染上紫斑;哦，我要一饮而悄然离开尘寰，和你同去阴暗的林中隐没。

3

远远地、远远地隐没，让我忘掉你在树林中从不知道的一切，忘记这疲劳、热病和焦躁，这使人对坐而悲叹的世界;在这里，青春苍白、削瘦、死亡，而“瘫痪”有几根白发在摇摆;在这里，稍一思索就充满了

忧伤和灰眼的绝望，而“美”保持不住明眸的光彩，新生的爱情活不到明天就枯凋。

4

去吧～去吧～我要朝你飞去，不用和酒神坐文豹的车驾，我要展开诗歌的无形羽翼，尽管这头脑已经困顿、疲乏;去了～呵，我已经和你同往～夜这般温柔，月后正登上宝座，周围是侍卫她的一群星星;

但这儿却不甚明亮，除了有一线天光，被微风带过葱绿的幽暗，和苔