英语熟词生义.docx

英语熟词生义.docx

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英语熟词生义

语言能力素养练-----名词动化

（一）

名词的动词化现象是高考英语命题的一种手段和策略。

名词被动词化后，常常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作，语言既精炼又生动。

典题示例：

JohnLennonandPaulMcCartneywere named composersoftheyear. （2019浙江卷7选5） 

约翰·列侬和保罗·麦卡特尼被评为年度最佳作曲家。

析：

句中name常用作名词，意为“ 名字，名称”，此处用作动词，意为“提名，任命”。

此外，name还有“命名”“提出，说出，指出（价格、时间、地点等）”之意。

实战演练

（一）

指出下列名词在句中动词化后的不同含义。

1.titlen称号,头衔→v（给书、乐曲等）加标题

①Sheeasilyranawaywiththewomen'stitleinthesinglesatthetabletennistoumament.

②Amongthepoetryheleftbehind,themostpopularistitledLisao.

2.grade等级，品级，级别→v分级，评分

①He'ssufferingfromsomekindoflow-gradeinfection,whichhecan'tseemtogetridof.

②Thebooksaregradedaccordingtothedifficultyofthelanguage.

3.draftn草案；草稿；草图→v起草

①Thisisonlyaroughdraft-thefinishedarticlewillhavepicturestoo.

②Draftaproposalfortheprojectandwecandiscussitatthemeeting.

4.voicen声音→v表达；吐露；（尤指）表示（质疑、抱怨）

①You'llhavetoraiseyourvoiceifyouwanttobeheardinhere.

②Somescientistshavevoicedconcernthatthediseasecouldbepassedontohumans.

5.schooln.流派→v教育;培养

①Hewasinfluencedbyvariouspaintersandphotographers,butshewasneveramemberofanyschool.

②Herchildrenarewellschooledincorrectbehaviour.

6.bookn.书；本子→v.预定，定（房间、车票等）

①Hiseighthbookcameoutearlierthisyearandwasaninstantbest-seller.

②Onemorning,Ihadtobookanimmediateflighthomeforafamilyemergency.

7.screenn.屏幕；银幕→v掩护，庇护

①Writetheletteronthecomputer,thenyoucanmakechangeseasilyonscreen.

②Sheraisedherhandtoscreenhereyesfromthebrightlight.

8.sandwichn三明治，夹心面包片→v.夹入，挤入

Icouldn'tturnaroundtoseewhodiditbecauseIwassandwichedbetweentwotallmen.

语言能力素养练-----名词动化

（二）

典题示例：

…howChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.（2019全国卷III）

几个世纪以来中国是如何启迪时尚想象力的。

析：

fuel常用作名词，意为“燃料”用作动词意为“加强、刺激”。

又如：

Thecriticismshehasfacedhasonlyfueledherdeterminationtosucceed.她所面临的批评只会激发她成功的决心。

实战演练

（二）

指出下列名词在句中动词化后的不同含义。

1.power能源,动力→v给…提供能量；驱动（机器）

①Thebreakdownofthissectionofthepowerlinecausedapowercutoveralargearea.

②Electricitycostslessthanpetrol,sopoweringanelectricvehicleischeaper.

2.programmen节目，程序，计划→v编程；为…制订计划

①Theschooloffersanexcitingandvariedprogrammeofsocialevents.

②Heprogrammedhiscomputertocompareallthepossiblecombinations

3.picturen记忆；印象→v想象，设想

①IhaveavividpictureofmygrandfathersmilingdownatmewhenIwasverysmall.

②Ifyoucouldtrytopicturehowdifficultlifewasinthosedays,you'llunderstandmore.

4.outlinen轮廓，概要→v勾勒，描画…的轮廓

①Ifyoureadtheminutesofthemeeting,they'llgiveyouabroadoutlineofwhatwasdiscussed.

②Theareawe'reinterestedinisoutlinedinredonthemap.

5.ringn铃声→v环绕；萦绕

①Hegaveacoupleofloudringsonthedoorbell,butnobodyanswered.

②Thechildren'slaughterwasstillringinginmyearsasIlefttheplayground.

6.servicen效劳，服务→v维修；保养

①Afterretiring,shebecameinvolvedinvoluntaryserviceinthelocalcommunity.

②Makesurethatallgasfiresandcentralheatingboilersareservicedannually.

7.vacationn假期→v度假

①Hewassoanxioustoreturnhomethathehadbookedatrainticketbeforethevacationbegan.

②Itispossibletovacationatsomeofthemoreexpensiveresortsifyougointheoff-season

8.questionn问题，疑问→询问，盘问；对…有疑问

①Thekeyquestionofwhatcausedtheleakremainsunanswered.

②Hewasquestionedforsixhoursbutreleasedwithoutcharge.

语言能力素养练-----名词动化（三）

典题示例：

Since1958,theyhavebeenrecognisedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.ThisproductionofShakespeare’sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.（2017年全国II卷阅读理解）

自1958年以来，他们被公认为以色列国家剧院。

这部莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》标志着他们第一次访问英国。

析：

mark常用作名词，意为“标记，记号”，用作动词意为“做记号，批改；给…评分”，此处用于引申意义“标明，标志”。

实战演练（三）

指出下列名词在句中动词化后的不同含义。

1.backn背部，后背→v资助，支持；（使）后退；使倒退

①Theofficewasfullofcomputers,andwehadtositbacktobackinlongrows.

②Hewouldhavelosthispositionifyouhadn'tbackedhimup.

③PleasecouldyoubackyourcarupafewfeetsothatIcangetmineoutofthedriveway?

2.rankn职位；官阶；军衔→v把…分等级；确定…的地位（或等级）

①Shewasnotusedtomixingwithpeopleofhighsocialrank.

②Sincethe1930s,cancerhasalwaysbeenrankedasthediseasepeoplearemostconcernedabout.

3.plotn阴谋，情节→v.计划；制订

①Theplotwasdiscoveredbeforeitwascarriedout.

②We'veplottedourprojectedcostsforthecomingyear,andtheyshowabigincrease.

4.harvestn收获，收成→v.收集，采集（细胞或器官以供医用）

①Withtheharvestfinished,Iwasabletorelaxwithaneasymind/conscience.

②Thedonororganisharvestedattheaccidentsceneandrushedtoahospital.

5.sensen感觉；知觉→v.意识到；感觉到

①Withherexcellentsenseofsmell,shecouldtellifyouwereasmokerfromtheothersideoftheroom.

②Althoughshesaidnothing,Icouldsenseheranger.

6.rulen规章；条例→v.统治，控制

①Beforeyoustartyourownbusinessyoushouldbefamiliarwiththegovernment'srulesandregulations.

②Mostmodernkingsandqueensruletheircountriesonlyinaformalway,withoutrealpower.

7.tensen时态→v（使肌肉）拉紧，绷紧

①"Ising"isinthepresenttenseand"Isang"isinthepasttense.

②Arunnerexercisesbeforearacetopreventhismusclesfromtensingup.

8.discountn减价，打折→v打折；忽视，忽略，不理会

①Theyofferatenpercentdiscountontravelforstudents.

②Sincethetruthofthisreportisdiscounted,Icannotpublishit.

③Youshouldn'tdiscountthepossibilitythatthehousepriceswillfallwhenbuyinghouses.

语言能力素养练-----名词动化（四）

典题示例：

Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmile.Aftertwoweeks,starttimingyourself.（2015全国卷）

析：

Time常用作名词，意为“时间”，此处转化为动词，表示“计时”。

实战演练（四）

指出下列名词在句中动词化后的不同含义。

1.storen贮存，保存→v贮藏，贮存，保存

①There'sashockinstoreforhimwhenhegetshometonight!

②Althoughdamscanbebuilttostorewaterforagriculturaluseindryareasanddryseasons.

2.brandn品牌→v把...烙印于；把...铭刻

①Amongyoungpeople,thisbrandofdesignerclothingistheultimatestatussymbol.

②Thisfilmwassothrillingthatitwouldbebrandedonmymindforever.

3.shapen形状，形态→v塑造；体现

①ThisT-shirthasbeenwashedsomanytimesthatit'slostitsshape.

②Myrelationshipwithmyfatherplayedamajorpartinshapingmyattitudetowardsmen.

4.silencen宁静；沉默→v使安静，使沉默；压制

①Theirmother'sangrywordsreducedthechildrentosilence.

②Themoretheytrytosilenceus,themorewewillspeakout.

5.fundn基金；资金；存款→v投资；资助

①Followingtherepairstotheroof,churchfundsarenowseriouslytight.

②Theairportisbeingprivatelyfundedbyaconstructiongroup

6.amountn数量；数额→v总计；等同于

①Adangerousamountofradioactivitywasreleasedintotheenvironmentlastmonth.

②Althoughhespokeonlyforfiveminutes,whathesaidamountedtomuch.

7.restn休息→v躺；倚；靠

①Aftertheyhadcarriedthepianoupthestairs,theystoppedforarest.

②Dadwassleepingnexttoher,restinghisheadonhisarms.

8.reasonn原因；理由；解释→v推理，推断；判断

①Thereasonforthedisasterwasenginefailure,nothumanerror.

②Ispenthoursreasoningoutthesolutiontothepuzzle.

语言能力素养练-----名词动化（五）

典题示例：

Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?

（2018全国III卷）

析：

Flood常用作名词，意为“洪水”。

转化为动词，表示“使淹没；使泛滥”，此处意为“挤满；充斥”，其引申意义则表示“大量涌入；蜂拥而至”，如：

Shedrewbackthecurtainsandthesunlightcamefloodingin.

实战演练（五）

指出下列名词在句中动词化后的不同含义。

1.airn气氛，氛围，神态，风度→播送：

晾干；使通风

①Shehadanairofconfidenceaboutherbeforeshewentonthestage.

②Thetelevisioninterviewwillbeairedtoallpartsofthecountry.

③Leavethewindowsopentolettheroomairabit.

2.thundern雷鸣般的响声，轰隆声→v轰隆隆地响；轰鸣

①Icouldn'thearwhathewassayingoverthethunderofthewaterfall.

②Thetrainthunderedpast,shakingthewholehouse.

3.streamn小河，溪流→v流动;流出

①Thestreamwasquiteshallowsowewereabletowalkacrossit.

②Onewomanwascarriedfromthesceneoftheaccidentwithbloodstreamingfromherhead.

4.stormn（愤怒的）迸发，爆发→v怒气冲冲地冲进／冲出

①Therewasastormofprotestwhenthenewtaxwasannounced.

②Hestormedoutofthehouse,slammingthedoorashewent.

5.showern淋浴→v如阵雨般落下

①Shecamedownstairsafterhershower,wrappedinatowel.

②Weheardamassiveexplosion,andsecondslaterpiecesofglasswereshoweringdownonus.

6.blanketn毛毯，毯子→v覆盖；遮盖

①Hesawthecornerofamagazinestickingoutfromundertheblanket

②Withathickmistnowblanketingthetrees,Igotthoroughlylost.

7.sweatn汗，汗水→v流汗

①Bythetimewe'dclimbedtothetopofthehill,wewerecoveredinsweat.

②ItwassohotwhenwearrivedinTripolithatwestartedtosweatassoonaswegotofftheplane.

8.weedn杂草；野草→v除草；为…除杂草

Thefarmerhasbeenweedinginthevegetablegardenthewholemorning.

语言能力素养练-----名词动化（六）

典题示例：

Thecollegeyearsarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.（2016北京卷改编）

大学时代正在成为一个青春期的延长期，在这期间，当今的许多学生没有承担成人的责任。

析：

Shoulder用作名词，意为“肩膀”，转化为动词，表示“用肩膀扛……”，此处用于引申意义“承受谴责／承受重负／承担职责／承担费用（等等）”。

实战演练（六）

指出下列名词在句中动词化后的不同含义。

1.headn.头→v前往；率领

①WewereheadingtowardsKumasiwhenourtruckbrokedown.

②Johnwaschosentoheadtheteaminvestigatingthecase.

2.facen.脸→v.正视，面临

①Wehavetofacefactshere-wesimplydon'thaveenoughmoney.

②Shewasfacedwithanewjob,inunfamiliarsurroundingswithstrangepeople.

3.legn.腿；阶段→v.跑开，躲开

①ThelastlegoftheracewasParistoLondon.

②Theyleggeditroundthecornerwhentheysawthepolicecoming.

4.eyen.眼睛→v注视;审视;细看

Icouldseethattheywereallverynervous,eyeingmeupanddowndistrustfully.

5.armn.武器→v提供，配备；武装

①Theyarewillingtotakeuparmsagainstthegovernmentiftheyhaveto.

②Shearmedherselffortheinterviewbyfindingoutallshecouldaboutthecompanyinadvance.

6.coll