计网实验TCPIPConfiguration.docx
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计网实验TCPIPConfiguration
Test1.TCP/IPConfiguration
1.ClickStartandthenclickRun.TypethecommandorcmdandthenpressEnter.
2.AttheDOSprompt,typeNETHELPandpressEnter.Youshouldseesomethinglikethescreenbelow:
ThecommandyouareinterestedinistheViewcommand.Toobtaininformationaboutit,typeNETHELPVIEW,andpressEnter.
3.WhatisthepurposeofNETVIEW:
TheNETVIEWcommandshowsthenamesofthemachinespresentonyournetwork.Noticethatitliststhenamesofmachinesontheleft,incolumnlabelled“Servername”andanothercolumnlabelled“Remark”
4.ListthemachinesafteryouhavetypedNETVIEWfromthecommandprompt
ClosetheDOSwindowbytypingEXITonthecommandlineandthenpressEnter,orbyclickingtheClosebuttonintheupperrightcornerofthewindow.
ObtaintheTCP/IPConfigurationInformation
UsetheStartmenutoopentheCommandPrompt,anMS-DOS-likewindow.PressStart>Programs>Accessories>CommandPromptorStart>Programs>CommandPrompt.
ThefollowingfigureshowstheCommandscreen.TypeipconfigandpresstheEnterkey.Thespellingofipconfigiscriticalwhilecaseisnot.ItisshortforIPConfiguration.
ThisfirstscreenshowstheIPaddress,subnetmask,anddefaultgateway.TheIPaddressandthedefaultgatewayshouldbeinthesamenetworkorsubnet,otherwisethishostwouldnotbeabletocommunicateoutsidethenetwork.Inthefigurethesubnetmasktellsusthatthefirstthreeoctetsmustbethesametobeinthesamenetwork.
Note:
IfthiscomputerisonaLAN,thedefaultgatewaymightnotbeseenifitisrunningbehindaProxyServer.Recordthefollowinginformationforthiscomputer.
RecordthefollowingTCP/IPinformationforthiscomputer
6.
ComparetheTCP/IPconfigurationofthiscomputertoothersontheLAN
7.IfthiscomputerisonaLAN,comparetheinformationofseveralmachines.
RecordacoupleoftheIPAddresses:
1)IPsddresses1:
192.168.156.57
2)IPaddresses2:
192.168.156.66
Arethereanysimilarities?
前三个字段相同,
WhatissimilarabouttheIPaddresses?
最后字段存在差异
Whatissimilaraboutthedefaultgateways?
完全相同
TheIPaddressesshouldsharethesamenetworkportion.AllmachinesintheLANshouldsharethesamedefaultgateway.
CheckadditionalTCP/IPconfigurationinformation
Toseedetailedinformation,typeipconfig/allandpressEnter.ThefigureshowsthedetailedIPconfigurationscreen.
Thehostname,includingthecomputernameandNetBIOSnameshouldbedisplayed.Also,theDHCPserveraddress,ifused,andthedatetheIPleasestartsandendsshouldbedisplayed.Lookovertheinformation.EntriesfortheDNS,usedinnameresolutionservers,mayalsobepresent.
8.MarkthePhysicalAddress(MAC)andtheNICmodel(Description).
9.Whilenotarequirement,mostLANadministratorstrytostandardizecomponentslikeNICs.Therefore,itwouldnotbesurprisingtofindallmachinessharethefirstthreeHexpairsintheadapteraddress.Thesethreepairsidentifythemanufactureroftheadapter.
10.WritedowntheIPaddressesofanyserverslisted(ifany):
IPsddresses1:
192.168.156.57
IPaddresses2:
192.168.156.66
WritedownthecomputerHostName:
118stu-06
WritedowntheHostNamesofacoupleothercomputers:
DoalloftheserversandworkstationssharethesamenetworkportionoftheIPaddressasthestudentworkstation?
NO
Itwouldnotbeunusualforsomeoralloftheserversandworkstationstobeinanothernetwork.Itmeansthatthecomputerdefaultgatewayisgoingtoforwardrequeststotheothernetwork.
UsingpingfromaWorkstation
Accessthecommandprompt
UsetheStartmenutoopentheCommandPromptwindow.PressStart>Programs>Accessories>CommandPromptorStart>Programs>CommandPromptorStart>AllPrograms>CommandPrompt.
pingtheIPaddressofanothercomputer
Inthewindow,typeping,aspace,andtheIPaddressofacomputerlocatedinyourworkingarea.
11.ThefollowingfigureshowsthesuccessfulresultsofpingtothisIPaddress.
PingusestheICMPechorequestandechoreplyfeaturetotestphysicalconnectivity.Sincepingreportsonfourattempts,itgivesanindicationofthereliabilityoftheconnection.Lookovertheresultsandverifythatthepingwassuccessful.Isthepingsuccessful?
Ifnot,performappropriatetroubleshooting.成功
Ifasecondnetworkedcomputerisavailable,trytopingtheIPaddressofthesecondmachine.
Notetheresults.
pingtheIPaddressofaDHCPorDNSservers
12.TrytopingtheIPaddressofanyDHCPand/orDNSserverslistedinthelastexercise.Ifthisworksforeitherserver,andtheyarenotinthenetwork,whatdoesthisindicate?
Wasthepingsuccessful?
成功
pingthehostnameofanothercomputer
Trytopingthehostnameofthecomputerthatwasrecordedpreviously.Thefigureshowsthesuccessfulresultofthepingthehostname.
Lookovertheresults.Noticethatthefirstlineofoutputshowsthehostname,DESKTOPintheexample,followedbytheIPaddress.ThismeansthecomputerwasabletoresolvethehostnametoanIPaddress.Withoutnameresolution,thepingwouldhavefailedbecauseTCP/IPonlyunderstandsvalidIPaddresses,notnames.
Ifthepingwassuccessful,itmeansthatconnectivityanddiscoveryofIPaddressescanbedonewithonlyahostname.Infact,thisishowmanyearlynetworkscommunicated.Ifsuccessful,thenpingahostnamealsoshowsthatthereisprobablyaWINSserverworkingonthenetwork.WINSserversoralocal“lmhosts”fileresolvecomputerhostnamestoIPaddresses.Ifthepingfails,thenchancesarethereisnoNetBIOSnametoIPaddressesresolutionrunning.
pingtheIPaddressofthedefaultgateway
13.WhatistheIPaddressofyourdefaultgateway?
192.168.156.254
TrytopingtheIPaddressofthedefaultgateway.Wasitsuccessful?
成功
Ifthepingissuccessful,itmeansthereisphysicalconnectivitytotherouteronthelocalnetworkandprobablytherestoftheworld.
Typetracertatthecommandprompt,followedbyahostnameorIPaddressfromyourworkingarea.
tracertisTCP/IPabbreviationfortraceroute.TheprecedingfigureshowsthesuccessfulresultwhenrunningtracertfromonaLAN.ThefirstoutputlineshowstheFQDNfollowedbytheIPaddress.Therefore,aDNSserverwasabletoresolvethenametoanIPaddress.Ifyouareconnectedonahugenetwork(liketheInternet)therewillbelistingsofallroutersthetracertrequestshadtopassthroughtogettothedestination.
tracertusesthesameechorequestsandrepliesasthepingcommandbutinaslightlydifferentway.
Eachrouterrepresentsapointwhereonenetworkconnectstoanothernetworkandthepacketwasforwardedthrough.
14.Tracertawebsiteandexplainwhatyouhavefound.