届上海市闵行区高三下学期质量调研考试一模英语试题及答案.docx

届上海市闵行区高三下学期质量调研考试一模英语试题及答案.docx

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届上海市闵行区高三下学期质量调研考试一模英语试题及答案

闵行区2018学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试

英语试卷

第I卷（共103分）

I.listeningcomprehension（略）

II.Grammarandvocabulary：

Myhusband,myfour-month-olddaughterandIsetoutonafive-dayjourneyfromCaliforniatoWashington.Wehadtostopfrequently__25_____（relax）ourselves.

Oneofourstops,oncewecrossedtheOregonborder,wasataBlackBearDiner.Walkingtowardsthefrontdoorwenoticedagentleman___26____（stand）atoneside.Hewasclearlyuntidy,withoutshoesandwearingwornclothing.Wepassedrightbyhimandopenedtherestaurantdoor.Thensomethingtoldmetogoback.

Thinkingthegentleman____27__needsomethingtoeat,Iturnedaroundandsaidtothegentleman,“Sir,areyouhungry?

”Hesaid,“Yes.”Ithenasked,“Maywebuyyousomethingtoeat?

”Herespondedwith,“Sure,Icanordersomethingmyself.”

Myhusbandopenedthedoorandthegentlemanwentstraighttothecounter.Itoldhimtoorder__28__hewanted.Themanageroftherestaurantcameoverquitequicklyandlookedfrightened.Ispokebeforehehadanopportunitytosayanything.“Thisgentlemanwillhavelunchwithustoday,”Isaid.“Pleaseaddhisorder__29__ourbill.”Themanagersaidwithafrown（皱眉）,“Ok.”Weturnedtoourtableandthegentlemansaid,loudlyandquickly,“Thankyou!

”Soonweseatedourselvesatthetableanduponfinishingourmealwe__30__ourbill.Iaskedmyhusbandwhatthegentleman__31___（order）.Onefreshorangejuice,onecoffee,onebreakfastcombinationwithaslideofhashbrowns.

WhenwelefttherestaurantIlookedforthegentlemanbutdidn’tseehim,butthatverysmallactjustmademyday.Ihopeinsomesmallwaywewereabletobringsomejoyintohislife,_32_______itonlylastedforafewminutes.

B.

Everytimeyougotothesupermarket,youcomeawaywithyourpurchasesinplasticbags.Butwouldn’titbekindertotheenvironment__33___youaskedforpaperbagsinstead?

__34__answerisnotaseasyasitmightseem.Environmentalistssaytherearedisadvantagesinusingbothplasticandpaperbags.

Someexpertsbelievethatallthesebagsharmtheenvironment.Plastictakeshundredsofyearstobreakdownand,asitdoesso,poisonousmaterialsarereleasedintothewaterandsoil.

__35__（far）damageiscausedifplasticbagsenterthesea.Forexample,endangeredseaturtlescannottellthebagsfromjellyfish（水母），theirmainsourceoffood，andoftenchoke（噎死）onthem.

FloatingplasticbagshavebeenspottedasfarnorthastheArcticOceanandasfarsouthasthesouthernendofSouthAmerica,__36__hascausedgreatconcernamongscientists.

However,thiskindofbagdoeshaveitsadvantages.

“Plasticgrocerybagsaresomeofthemost___37__（reuse）thingsaroundthehouse,”explainedLaurieKusekoftheAmericanPlasticCouncil.

Althoughpaperbagsarebelievedtobemoreenvironment-friendly,thefactisunknowntsomepeople__38__paperbagsusemoreenergywhenmanufacturedandcreatemorewastesthanplasticbags.

Soyoumayask__39__,whattodo.Onepossiblesolutionwouldbetusebiodegradable（可降解的）plasticbags.Butitmightbewisertopackthingsyoubuyinreusableclothbags__40___biodegradableproductsbecomemorereliable.

A.beliefB.discourageC.choicesD.issueE.tryF.characterize

G.demonstrateH.ensureI.incomparableJ.opposingK.responsible

TheuniquefeaturesofcollegesanduniversitiesintheUS.arehardlysharedbytheircompetitorsinEuropeorAsia.ManyforeignstudentsareattractednotonlytotheacademicprogramsataparticularUScollegebutalsotothelargercommunity,whichaffordsthechanceforthemtoabsorbthesurroundingculture.Clubs,sportsteams,studentpublicationsanddramasocieties__-41__colorfulandenjoyableAmericancampuslife.However,fewforeignuniversitiesputmuchemphasisonthis.“Inpeople’sminds,thecampusandtheAmericanuniversityarebothadmirable,”saysBrownUniversityPresidentVartanGregorian.InAmerica,peoplehaveastrong__42__thatastudent’sdailylifeisasimportantashislearningexperience.”

Foreignstudentsalsocomeinsearchof__43__.America’smenuofopinions---researchuniversities,stateinstitutions,privateliberal-artsschools,communitycolleges,religiousinstitutions---is__44___.NoanysingleEuropeanscountrycanoffersuchvariety.“InEurope,”sayshistoryprofessorJonathanSteinberg,whohastaughtatbothHarvardandCambridge,thereisonlyonesystem,andthatisit.”Fromthebeginning,studentsoverseasusuallyarerequiredto___45__professionalskillsinaspecificfield,whetherlaworphilosophyorChemistry.MostAmericanuniversitiesinsistthatstudentshavea（n）__46___onnaturalandsocialsciences,languagesandliteraturebeforechoosingafieldofconcentration.

Such__47___philosophiesgrowoutofdifferenttraditionsandpowerstructures.InEuropeandJapan，universitiesare__48___onlytoaministryofeducation,whichsetsacademicstandardsandprovidesmoney.

Centralization（集权化）islikelyto__49__thatallstudentsareequippedwithroughlythesameresourcesandperformatroughlythesamelevel.Ontheotherhand,itmayalso__50__thetestingofdifferentideas.“Whentheymakemistakes,theymakebigones,”saysRobertRosenzweig,presidentoftheAssociationofAmericanuniversities.“Theysetasysteminwrongdirections,andit’slikepilotingasupership.”

III.Readingcomprehension:

Apesandhumansbeingssharealotincommonwhenitcomestobehavior.Theevidencetakenfromtheobservationofthebehaviorofapesandchildrensuggeststhattherearethreecausesfortheoutbreakoffightingandtheexhibitionof__51__byindividuals.

Oneofthemostcommoncausesoffightingamongbothchildrenandapeswasoverthe___52___ofexternalobjects.Theargumentovertheownershipofanydesiredobject---food,clothes,toys,females,andtheaffectionofothers---wassufficientreasonto__53___force.Inacaseofmonkeys’disagreementoverfemales.thirtyfemaleswerekilled.Twopointsareofparticularinteresttonoticeaboutthesefightsforpossession.

Inthefirstplace,thefightsareoftencarriedtosuchanextremethattheyendinthe__54__destructionoftheobjectsofcommondesire.Toysaretorntopiecesandfemalesarekilled.

Inthesecondplaceitisobservable,that__55__occurswhenanobjectisdesiredbyonlyonepersonorbysomeoneelse.Thereweremanycaseswheretoysandotherobjectswhichhadbeenthrownawayasuselesswere__56___defendedbytheirownerswhentheybecametheobjectofsomeotherchild’sdesire.

Anothercauseofaggressionisthetendencyforchildrenandapesaregreatlyto__57__theinvadingofastrangerintotheirgroup.Anewchildintheclassmaybelaughedat,isolated,anddisliked.Anewmonkeymaybebittentodeath.Itisinterestingtonotethatangeroccurswhenastrangercomesfromthe__58__species.Monkeysdonotmindbeing__59__byagoatorarat.Childrendonotobjectwhenanimalsareintroducedtothegroup.Asamatteroffact,suchnewcomersareoften__60__.Butwhenmonkeysmeetanewmonkeyorchildrenastrangechild,aggressionoftenoccurs.Thisstronglysuggeststhatthereasonfortheaggressionisfundamentallypossessiveness.The___61__ofthenewcomersisfeared.Thepresentmembersofthegroupfeelthattherewillbemorecompetitorsforthefoodortheattentionoftheadults.

Finally,anothercommonsourceoffightingamongchildrenisafrustrationorfailureintheirown___62__.Achildwillbestoppedeitherby__63__causessuchasbadweatherorillnessfromdoingsomethinghewishestodo,forexample,sailhisboatorridethebicycle.Sometimestheactivitymaybe__64__becauseoftheoppositionofsomeadult.Thechildmayalsofrustrateitselfby__65___,throughlackofskillorstrength,tocompletesuccessfullysomedesiredactivity.Suchachildwillthenintheordinarysensebecome“naughty”.Hewillbeinabadorunfriendlytemper.

51.A.fulfillmentB.excitementC.isolationD.aggressiveness

52.A.usageB.possessionC.valueD.collection

53.A.turntoB.driveawayC.comeoverD.makeinto

54.A.moderateB.subtleC.completeD.temporary

55.A.conflictB.negotiationC.agreementD.donation

56.A.reluctantlyB.violentlyC.unwillinglyD.peacefully

57.A.ignoreB.acceptC.proveD.hate

58.A.similarB.modestC.strongD.reliable

59.A.observedB.protectedC.joinedD.spoiled

60.A.offensiveB.considerateC.generousD.welcomed

61.A.strengthB.attitudeC.competitionD.emotion

62.A.knowledgeB.activityC.studyD.personality

63.A.naturalB.physicalC.financialD.academic

64.A.enhancedB.operatedC.extendedD.prevented

65.A.learningB.fallingC.imitatingD.refusing

SectionB

A.

Aroundtheworldcoralreefs（珊瑚礁）arefacingthreatsbroughtbyclimatechangeandgreatchangesinseatemperatures.Whileoceanwarminghasbeentheprimaryfocusforscientistsandoceanpolicymanagers,coldeventscanalsowhitencorals.Anewstudybyscientistscompareddamagetocoralscausedbyheataswellascoldstress.Theresultsshowthatcooltemperaturescancausemoredamageintheshortterm,butheatismoredestructiveinthelongrun.

Climatechangeiswidelyknowntoproducewarmingconditionsintheoceans,butextremecold-watereventshavebecomemorefrequentandseriousaswell.I2010,forexample,coralreefsaroundtheworldfacedoneofthecoldestwintersandoneofthehottestsummersonrecord.

Duringauniqueexperiment,coralsundercoldtemperaturessufferedgreaterdamageinjustdayscomparedwiththeheattreatedcorals.Yettheresearch