unit3整理上外新编英语教程 大一下.docx
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unit3整理上外新编英语教程大一下
Unit3
LanguageStructures
Languagestructures:
passivesentence
1.involvingthemodalauxiliaryhaveto
2.convertedfromtheactivesentencewithadirectandanindirectobject.
3.involvingtheverbphrase/phrasalverb.
4.formedbythetheysay/itissaid…patterns.
学习要点：
多动词充当谓语的被动语态同简单谓语动词一样，把整个词组作谓语，动词的被动语态可根据情况有数和时态的变化。
e.g.
---Thematterhasbeentakenupbythepolice.Itisbeinglookedintonow.
---Ashortplaywillbeputonattheparty.
---Newquestionsareconstantlybeingbroughtuponontheagenda.
---Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthenursery.
---Suchapracticemustnotbelookeddownupon.
Newwordsandexpressions:
magnetica.withthepropertiesofamagnet;havingapowerfulattraction具有磁性的，有强大吸引力的
e.g.
---Theblockbecomesmagneticwhenthecurrentisswitchedon.
通电时线圈即具有磁性。
---HeisthemostmagneticmaledanceintheRoyalBallet.
他是皇家芭蕾舞剧团最有魅力的男性。
Collection:
amagneticsmile具有吸引力的微笑。
magneticfield磁场
magneticneedle磁针
magnetictape录音带，录像带
Wordfamily:
magnetn.磁铁magnetizev.磁化magnetismn.磁性，磁学
conscientiousa.（ofapeopleorconduct）carefultodooneoughttodo,anddoitaswellasonecan.（指人或行为）认真的，刻苦的，负责的
e.g.
---Sheisanexcellentstudent---bright,attentiveandconscientious.
sewerage：
n.排水设备,污水
e.g.
---Thegovernmentplanstoimprovethelocalseweragenetworksunderaseriesofseweragecollectingplans.
renovatev.restore（esp.oldbuildings）togoodcondition修复（尤指建筑物）修整
Wordfamily:
renovationn.修整
e.g.
---Thiscollegeisunderrenovation.这所学院正在进行修复。
Comparison:
restorerefreshrenovate
restore多用于书面，常指在耗尽，枯竭或病倒后恢复到原来正常的状态，也可指由于天长日久，事故，战火而遭到损害和伤害之后，恢复到原来的状态。
或在失去某种重要的，基本的性质特点后恢复到原来的状态。
refresh常指提供某种必要的东西使精力恢复，使精神振作，或是失去的东西得到补充。
renovate几乎只用于物质方面的东西。
不能用于抽象的东西，而且也不那么有文采，不那么富有修辞意味或诗意。
它仅表示打扫，整修或是翻新某物，尤其是久的建筑物，使其焕然一新。
e.g.
---Wesincerelyhopethatyouwillsoonberestoredtohealth.
---Sleeprefreshesbothbodyandmind.
---Thehousecannotberenovated
Languagestructures:
1.overtime
2.physicalhandicap
3.expand
Practice:
4.Thetape-recordersgivescratchysounds.
5.magneticheads
6.jaywalk
7.tellthepedestrianstousethezebracrossing
8.workovertime
9.practical
10.hoarsevoice
11.shabbyclothes
12.handoutbrochurestovisitorsattheexhibition
13.putforwardagoodproposalatthediscussion
14.arriveatadecisionatthemeeting
15.enjoyment
16.anamusementpark
17.aplacetogofrorecreationandpleasure
18.setupamodernseweragesystem
19.drawupaplan
20.mapoutaconstructionplan
DialogueI
Newwordsandexpressions:
turnouttobe/turnoutthat:
provetobesb./sth.证明是,结果是
e.g.
---Thisjobturnedouttobeharderthanwethought.
---Itturnedoutthatwecouldn’tstaylonger.
Botherv.bringtroubletosb
Thankyou,butpleasedon’tbother.
Whatabother!
Wemissthelastbus.
iftheworstcomestotheworst:
iftheworstpossiblesituationactuallyhappens
若情况太困难或是太危险
e.g.
---Iftheworstcomestotheworst,wewillhavetocancelourholidayplans.
riot:
n.wildorviolentdisturbancebyacrowdofpeople暴乱，骚乱。
e.g.
---There’llbeariotifthegovernmentdoesn’tinvestmoreinthisservice.
Collection:
runriot撒野，闹事
e.g.
---Footballhooligansranriotthroughoutthetown.
Wordfamily:
riotv.暴动riotousa.混乱的。
exaggeratev.:
make（sth）seemlarger,better,worseetc.thanitreallyis,beyondthetruth.
e.g.
---Healwaysexaggeratestomakehisstoriesmoreamusing.
---Shealwaysexaggerateswhenshetellssomethingshe'sdone.
Wordfamily:
exaggerateda.夸张的；exaggerationn.夸张
e.g.
---Hehasanexaggeratedsenseofhisownimportance.
terminala.:
ofthelaststage,attheend.晚期的，末期的。
n.areaorabuildingatarailwaystation,bus,shiporairport.终点站，候机楼。
e.g.
---Hisillnessisterminal.（cannotbecured）
---Don’tleaveyourluggageunattendedintheterminalbuilding.
mobn.largedisorderlycrowd,esp.onethathasgatheredtoattackorcausemischief
e.g.
---Anangrymobisattackingthepalace.
elbowone’swayto用肘挤
pushandpressone’swayto又推又压
old,aged,elderly,elder
old主要强调人处于年龄的后一阶段，还表示任何动物“老的”或东西“陈旧”。
aged在表示年岁已高的同时，还有衰弱的含义。
elderly主要强调年岁已过中年，渐老的意思。
常意味着尊严而不是累赘。
elder“年纪较长的”，用于指家庭兄弟姐妹之间的年龄较长者或者是一群人中年龄较大者。
e.g.
---Hismotherisbeginningtolookold.
---Youshouldrespectelderlypeople.
---Sheismyelderdaughter.
---Thesickandtheagedneedourhelp.
preoccupyv.engage（sb.orhismind,thought,etc.）
sothathecan’tthinkofotherthings,obsess占据某人的思想，迷住。
e.g.
---Somethingseemstobepreoccupyingheratthemoment.
Hewaspreoccupiedwithaproblemofhisown.
Wordfamily:
preoccupieda.心不在焉preoccupationn.
Youlookpreoccupied:
whatareyouthinkingof?
spitandlitter
litterv.makeaplacedirty,scatterrubbish.乱扔垃圾n.rubbish垃圾。
e.g.
---He’salwayslitteringuptheroomwithhisoldmagazines.
---Herdeskwascoveredinalitterofbooksandpapers.
passsth.down（esp.passive）将某物从一代传给下一代。
e.g.
---Knowledgehasbeenpasseddownoverthecenturies.
1.farewelltorudemanners
2.rudepeoplewithroughbehavior
3.itturnstobeaterribleexperience.
4.anovercrowdedbuswithnoorderandinanear-riot
5.I’mnotexaggerating.
6.Iseewhatyoumean.
7.Duringtherushhouryouhavetofightyourwayin,andfightyourwayoutwhenyougetoff.
8.peoplewithnomanners.
9.Atthebusterminal,therewasabigcrowd.
10.thecrowdgrewbiggerandbigger.
11.rushthedoor
12.whatcraziness!
13.someyoungguyspushedhardandelbowedtheirwaytothefront.
14.awomancarryingababylostherbalanceandfelldowninthismadscramble.
15.it’sshockingtoseeyoungpeoplebehavesobadly.
16.asarule
17.Icameacrosssomethingasdreadfultheotherday.
18.Thebuswasverycrowded.
19.seatsreservedfortheoldandweak.
20.tworobustyoungmen
21.totallyignoreone’spresence.
22.Thoseyoungmenweretoopreoccupiedwiththemselves
23.theyhavetheme-firstmentality.
24.unblushinglyexhibit
25.inpublicplaces
26.theydon’tseemtocareaboutthepubliccodeofconduct.
27.showrespectforothers
28.it’stimewedidsomethingandbadefarewelltoallrudemanners.
29.I’mallfordevelopingsocialistethics.
30.thesocialistmoralstandardsoughttobepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.
Role-play
1.InChinawhilesomepeopleareimbuedwithself-interestsandhavenosenseofresponsibility,manyothersaredoinggoodservicetothepeopleunselfishly.
2.retired
3.seasonpublicvehiclesreadilyofferedtotheaged,theweak,thesick,thedisabled,thepregnant,peoplecarryingbabies.
4.berushedtohospitalatonce
5.hospitalstaff
6.Nospitting,nolitteringinpublicplaces.
7.orderly
8.thechangeforthebetterinthepeople’smentaloutlook
9.uncivilizedbehavior
10.hisformerteacher
11.citesomeexamplestosb
citetosbsomeexamples
DialogueIIUncertainty
Newwordsandexpressions:
bewildermentn.
bewilderv.puzzlesb.confuse混乱
e.g.
---Thechildwasbewilderedbythenoiseandthecrowds.
Thebigcitybewilderedtheoldwomanfromthecountryside.
bafflev.betoodifficultforsb.tounderstand,puzzle;
preventsb.fromdoingsth.困惑，难倒，阻止。
e.g.
--ThequestionbaffledmecompletelyandIcouldn'tanswerit.
---Shebaffledallourattemptstofindher.
wordfamily:
bafflementn.
elucidatev.makesth.clear,explain
e.g.
---Thenoteshelpedtoelucidatethemostdifficultpartsofthetext.
mixsb./sh.up（withsb./sth）:
confuse
e.g.
---Nowyouhavemixedmeupcompletely.
Auditoriumn.
Crawlv.tomoveforwardonyourhandsandknees.
Welearntocrawlbeforewelearntowalk.
Interrogationn.
Underinterrogation,herefusedtosayanythingatfirst.
Interrogatev.
Twosuspectsarenowbeinginterrogatedinconnectionwiththekilling.
Thelawyertookalongtimetointerrogatethewitnessfully.
interrogativeadj.
aninterrogativesentence
aninterrogativelook
opaquea.notallowinglighttopassthrough,nottransparent;notclear
e.g.
Theonceclearmountainstreamisnowpollutedandopaque.
Thereportwaswritteninlong,opaquesentences.
---Ifelthisreportwasdeliberatelyopaque.
wordfamily:
opacity=opaqueness不透明性
comparison:
vague,opaque
vague表示“不清楚的，模糊的”含义，引申为“混乱的，含混的”
opaque表示“不透明的，不反光的，暗的”引申为“难了解的，晦涩的”
e.g.
---Wecanseethevagueoutlinesofthemountainsfromhere.
---Therewasashowerwithanopaqueglassdoor.
Caretaker/janitors
Seealighton
Thesafehadbeenburgled.
Burglary
Thewindowpanesareopaque.
Overlook
Routinework
I’masbaffledasyouare.
Totellyouthetruth
You’vegotmeallmixedup.
I’mabsolutelyconfusedbyyourquestioning.
ReadingIAShopper’sNightmare
cardigan
Newwordsandexpressions:
sensiblea.reasonablee.g.
---Youmusttrytobemoresensible.
comparison:
sensitiveadj.易生气的，敏感的
---Don'tbesosensitive.Iwasn'tcriticizingyou.
allergicadj.过敏
Aliceisallergictothefurofcats
receiptn.awrittenacknowledgmentbyareceiverofmoney,goods,etc,thatpaymentordeliveryhasbeenmade
Yourchangeandreceipt.
Collectyourreceipt,please.
grabv.graspsth.suddenlyorroughly,snatchsth.selfishlyorrudely，
e.g.
---WhenIgavehimthechance,hegrabbeditatonce.
viciousa.actingordonewithevilintentions,spitefuloractingviolently
e.g.
---Theviciousguyattackedanelderlyman.
---Whatavicioustrickheplayed!
wordfamily:
viciouslyad.viciousnessn.
virtuouscycle–viciouscycle
arson：
纵火assassin：
暗杀
assault：
袭击blackmail：
敲诈，勒索
bootlegging：
贩卖违禁品break-in：
非法闯入
bribery：
行贿受贿bug：
窃听
burglary：
入室盗窃childabuse：
虐待儿童
counterfeit：
伪造credit-cardfraud：
信用卡欺诈
drugabuse：
吸毒drunkdriving：
酒后
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