在linux下做双机热备步骤.docx

在linux下做双机热备步骤.docx

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在linux下做双机热备步骤

在linux下做双机热备步骤

Redhat9linux的双机热备安装比较简单，需要的安装文件有以下几个：

heartbeat-1.0.4-2.rh.9.um.1.i386.rpm

heartbeat-pils-1.0.4-2.rh.9.um.1.i386.rpm

heartbeat-stonith-1.0.4-2.rh.9.um.1.i386.rpm

net-snmp-5.0.6-17.i386.rpm

按顺序依次安装：

1、heartbeat-pils-1.0.4-2.rh.9.um.1.i386.rpm

2、net-snmp-5.0.6-17.i386.rpm

3、heartbeat-stonith-1.0.4-2.rh.9.um.1.i386.rpm

4、heartbeat-1.0.4-2.rh.9.um.1.i386.rpm

#rpm-ivhheartbeat-pils-1.0.4-2.rh.9.um.1.i386.rpm

#rpm-ivhnet-snmp-5.0.6-17.i386.rpm

#rpm-ivhheartbeat-stonith-1.0.4-2.rh.9.um.1.i386.rpm

#rpm-ivhheartbeat-1.0.4-2.rh.9.um.1.i386.rpm

安装完成之后，开始配置主服务器。

配置文件位于/etc/ha.d下，用rpm安装之后不会产生配置文件，需要从/usr/share/doc/heartbeat-1.0.4下，把ha.cf,,,,authkeys,,,,,,,,haresources,,,,三个文件cp到/etc/ha.d下面。

文件在ha.cf是主要heartbeat的配置文件，authkeys是heartbeat的安全配置文件，haresource文件是heartbeat的资源文件

其文件说明如下：

ha.cf

#############################################################################################

#

#Therearelotsofoptionsinthisfile.Allyouhavetohaveisaset

#ofnodeslisted{"node...}

#andoneof{serial,bcast,mcast,orucast}

#

#ATTENTION:

Astheconfigurationfileisreadlinebyline,

#THEORDEROFDIRECTIVEMATTERS!

#

#Inparticular,makesurethatthetimingsandudpport

#etalaresetbeforetheheartbeatmediaaredefined!

#Allwillbefineifyoukeepthemorderedasinthis

#example.

#

#

#Noteonlogging:

#Ifanyofdebugfile,logfileandlogfacilityaredefinedthenthey

#willbeused.Ifdebugfileand/orlogfilearenotdefinedand

#logfacilityisdefinedthentherespectivelogginganddebug

#messageswillbelogedtosyslog.Iflogfacilityisnotdefined

#thendebugfileandlogfilewillbeusedtologmessges.If

#logfacilityisnotdefinedanddebugfileand/orlogfilearenot

#definedthendefaultswillbeusedfordebugfileandlogfileas

#requiredandmessageswillbesentthere.

#

#Filetowritedebugmessagesto

debugfile/var/log/ha-debug【heartbeat的debug信息记录文件】

#

#

#Filetowriteothermessagesto

#

logfile/var/log/ha-log【日志文件】

#

#

#Facilitytouseforsyslog（）/logger

#

logfacilitylocal0【记录日志在syslog中，可选项】

#

#

#Anoteonspecifying"howlong"timesbelow...

#

#Thedefaulttimeunitisseconds

#10meanstenseconds

#

#Youcanalsospecifytheminmilliseconds

#1500msmeans1.5seconds

#

#

#keepalive:

howlongbetweenheartbeats?

#

keepalive3【每3秒发送一次keeplive消息】

#

#deadtime:

howlong-to-declare-host-dead?

#

deadtime15【如果15秒没有收到keeplive消息将会认为节点已经失效】

#

#warntime:

howlongbeforeissuing"lateheartbeat"warning?

#SeetheFAQforhowtousewarntimetotunedeadtime.

#

warntime10【在日志中记录最后心跳lastheartbeat-best前的警告时间】

#

#

#Veryfirstdeadtime（initdead）

#

#Onsomemachines/OSes,etc.thenetworktakesawhiletocomeup

#andstartworkingrightafteryou'vebeenrebooted.Asaresult

#wehaveaseparatedeadtimeforwhenthingsfirstcomeup.

#Itshouldbeatleasttwicethenormaldeadtime.

#

initdead60【如果节点的机器重启后，可能需要一些时间启动网络，这个时间与deadtime不一样，要单独对待】

#

#

#nice_failback:

determineswhetheraresourcewill

#automaticallyfailbacktoits"primary"node,orremain

#onwhatevernodeisservingituntilthatnodefails.

#

#Thedefaultis"off",whichmeansthatitWILLfail

#backtothenodewhichisdeclaredasprimaryinharesources

#

#"on"meansthatresourcesonlymovetonewnodeswhen

#thenodestheyareservedondie.Thisisdeemedasa

#"nice"behavior（unlessyouwanttodoactive-active）.

#

nice_failbackon【如果主节点失效之后，重新恢复后，不会再成为主节点，只有当当前主节点失效，此节点才可恢复为主节点】

#

#hopfudgemaximumhopcountminusnumberofnodesinconfig

#hopfudge1

#

#

#Baudrateforserialports...

#（mustprecede"serial"directives）

#

#baud19200

#

#serialserialportname...

#serial/dev/ttyS0#Linux

#serial/dev/cuaa0#FreeBSD

#serial/dev/cua/a#Solaris

#

#WhatUDPporttouseforcommunication?

#[usedbybcastanducast]

#

#udpport694

#

#Whatinterfacestobroadcastheartbeatsover?

#

#bcasteth1#Linux

#bcasteth1eth2#Linux

#bcastle0#Solaris

#bcastle1le2#Solaris

#

#Setupamulticastheartbeatmedium

#mcast[dev][mcastgroup][port][ttl][loop]

#

#[dev]devicetosend/rcvheartbeatson

#[mcastgroup]multicastgrouptojoin（classDmulticastaddress

#224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255）

#[port]udpporttosendto/rcvfrom（noreasontodiffer

#fromtheportusedforbroadcastheartbeats）

#[ttl]thettlvalueforoutboundheartbeats.Thisaffects

#howfarthemulticastpacketwillpropagate.（1-255）

#[loop]togglesloopbackforoutboundmulticastheartbeats.

#ifenabled,anoutboundpacketwillbeloopedbackand

#receivedbytheinterfaceitwassenton.（0or1）

#Thisfieldshouldalwaysbesetto0.

#

#

mcasteth1225.0.0.2269410【使用组播225.0.0.22，端口694发送keeplive消息】

#

#Setupaunicast/udpheartbeatmedium

#ucast[dev][peer-ip-addr]

#

#[dev]devicetosend/rcvheartbeatson

#[peer-ip-addr]IPaddressofpeertosendpacketsto

#

#ucasteth0192.168.1.2

#

#

#Watchdogisthewatchdogtimer.Ifourownheartdoesn'tbeatfor

#aminute,thenourmachinewillreboot.

#

#watchdog/dev/watchdog

#

#"Legacy"STONITHsupport

#Usingthisdirectiveassumesthatthereisonestonith

#deviceinthecluster.Parameterstothisdeviceare

#readfromaconfigurationfile.Theformatofthislineis:

#

#stonith

#

#NOTE:

itisuptoyoutomaintainthisfileoneachnodeinthe

#cluster!

#

#stonithbaytech/etc/ha.d/conf/stonith.baytech

#

#STONITHsupport

#Youcanconfiguremultiplestonithdevicesusingthisdirective.

#Theformatofthelineis:

#stonith_host

#isthemachinethestonithdeviceisattached

#toor*tomeanitisaccessiblefromanyhost.

#isthetypeofstonithdevice（alistof

#supporteddrivesisin/usr/lib/stonith.）

#aredriverspecificparameters.Toseethe

#formatforaparticulardevice,run:

#stonith-l-t

#

#

#Notethatifyouputyourstonithdeviceaccessinformationin

#here,andyoumakethisfilepublicallyreadable,you'reasking

#foradenialofserviceattack;-）

#

#

#stonith_host*baytech10.0.0.3myloginmysecretpassword

#stonith_hostken3rps10/dev/ttyS1kathy0

#stonith_hostkathyrps10/dev/ttyS1ken30

#

#Tellwhatmachinesareinthecluster

#nodenodename...--mustmatchuname-n

noderh-9-a【定义节点名称，必须是节点的主机名】

noderh-9-b

#

#Lesscommonoptions...

#

#Treats10.10.10.254asapsuedo-cluster-member

#

#ping

#

#Startedandstoppedwithheartbeat.Restartedunlessitexits

#withrc=100

#

#respawnuserid/path/name/to/run

＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃＃

authkeys

#

#Authenticationfile.Mustbemode600

#

#

#Musthaveexactlyoneauthdirectiveatthefront.

#authsendauthenticationusingthismethod-id

#

#Then,listthemethodandkeythatgowiththatmethod-id

#

#Availablemethods:

crcsha1,md5.Crcdoesn'tneed/wantakey.

#

#Younormallyonlyhaveoneauthenticationmethod-idlistedinthisfile

#

#Putmorethanonetomakeasmoothtransitionwhenchangingauth

#methodsand/orkeys.

#

#

#sha1isbelievedtobethe"best",md5nextbest.

#

#crcaddsnosecurity,exceptfrompacketcorruption.

#Useonlyonphysicallysecurenetworks.

#

auth3【指定认证加密方式，3表示加密方式的行号】

#1crc

#2sha1HI!

3md5Hello!

【使用md5加密，密码为hello!

】

####################################################################################################################################

#

#Thisisalistofresourcesthatmovefrommachinetomachineas

#nodesgodownandcomeupinthecluster.Donotinclude

#"administrative"orfixedIPaddressesinthisfile.

#

#

#TheharesourcesfilesMUSTBEIDENTICALonallnodesofthecluster.

#

#Thenodenameslistedinfrontoftheresourcegroupinformation

#isthenameofthepreferrednodetoruntheservice.Itis

#notnecessarilythenameofthecurrentmachine.Ifyouarerunning

#nice_failbackOFFthentheseserviceswillbestarted

#uponthepreferrednodes-anytimethey'reup.

#

#Ifyouarerunningwithnice_failbackON,thenthenodeinformation

#willbeusedinthecaseofasimultaneousstart-up.

#

#BUTFORALLOFTHESECASES,theharesourcesfilesMUSTBEIDENTICAL.

#Ifyourfilesaredifferentthenalmostcertainlysomething

#won'tworkright.

#

#

#

#Werefertothisfilewhenwe'recomingup,andwhenamachineisbeing

#takenoveraftergoingdown.

#

#Youneedtomakethisrightforyourinstallation,theninstallitin

#/etc/ha.d

#

#Eachlogicallineinthefileconstitutesa"resourcegroup".

#Aresourcegroupisalistofresourceswhichmovetogetherfrom

#onenodetoanother-intheorderlisted.Itisassumedthatthere

#isnorelationshipbetweendifferentresourcegroups.These

#resourceinaresourcegrouparestartedleft-to-right,andstopped

#right-to-left.Longlistsofresourcescanbecontinuedfromline

#tolinebyendingthelineswithbackslashes（"\"）.

#

#TheseresourcesinthisfileareeitherIPaddresses,orthename

#ofscriptstorunto"start"or"stop"thegivenresource.

#

#Theformatislikethis:

#

#node-nameresource1resource2...resourceN

#

#

#Iftheresourcenamecontainsan:

:

inthemiddleofit,the

#partafterthe:

:

ispassedtotheresourcescriptasanargument.

#Multipleargumentsareseparatedbythe:

:

delimeter

#

#InthecaseofIPaddresses,theresourcescriptnameIPaddris

#implied.

#

#Forexample,theIPaddress135.9.8.7couldalsoberepresented

#asIPaddr:

:

135.9.8.7

#

#THISISIMPORTANT