训练题1.docx
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训练题1
Test1
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
VermonthasbecomethefirstUSstatetorequirethatfoodcontaininggeneticallymodifiedingredientsbelabelled.Thelawispresentedasincreasingconsumers'(36)toinformation,butitisunclearhowitwillhelpbecausescientistsbelievethesewidely-used
(37)areharmless.
From1July2016,allgeneticallymodified(GM)foodsoldinVermontmusthavethewords"producedwithgenetic(38)"emblazonedonthepackagingina"clearandconspicuous"way.Thebillwassignedintolawon8Maybythestate's(39)PeterShumlin.ConnecticutandMainehavepassedsimilarlaws,butthesewillonlytakeeffectonceotherstatesjoinin.VermontisthefirststatetorequirethatGMfoodbelabelled(40)
Almosteverythinginan(41)grocerystoreintheUScontainsaningredientwithsomelevelofgeneticmodification.MostUS-growncornandsoyisgeneticallymodified,andthesearepresentinawide(42)offoods.Thechemicalusedtobreakdownmilktomakecheese,chymosin,waspreviouslymadefromtheprocessedstomachsofyoungcalves,butisnowmostlyproducedusinggenetically-engineeredbacteria.
PlantgeneticistPatrickByrneofColoradoStateUniversityinFortCollinssaysheis
(43)ofanyevidencethatGMfoodsareharmfultohumans."Givenallthehypeandthefearfulmessagesbeingcirculated,Ithinkalabelwouldlikelybe(44)asawarningthatyoumightwanttoavoidthisproduct,notaneutralmessage,"hesays."Youwouldthinktherewouldbemoreconcernover(45)residues,orwhethermanurewasusedtoproducethisfood,"saysByrne.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答
A.averageB.accessC.intentionallyD.interpretedE.pesticideF.engineering
G.howeverH.ingredientsI.governor
J.engineerK.typesL.varietyM.unaware
N.awareO.unconditionally
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs,Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
AppsDesignedforDistractedDrivers
A.MarryWilliamsrecallstheconversationsheandhiswifewouldhavewiththeirtwodaughtersaboutthedangersoftalkingandtextingwhiledriving.."It'salwaysaconcern,"saidWilliams."Wejustdrilleditintotheirheadsoverandoveruntiltheysaid'Okay,wegetit,'andwhenwesawsomethingaboutthedangersofdriverstextingonTVwemadesuretheysawit,too."
B.ParentslikeWilliamshavegoodreasontoworry.Halfofteenssaytheytallonacellphonewhiledriving,athirdsaytheyswaptextmessages,andalmosthalfsaythey'vebeenapassengerinavehiclewithateendriverwhosephoneuseputthematrisk,accordingtofederalstatistics.Teendriversaremorelikelytogetintoafatalcrashthananyoneundertheageof80,inpartbecausetheirbrainsarestilldevelopingthesystemthatevaluatesrisk.
C.Thesedays,however,there'sanappforthat,severalofthem,infact.Thereareappsthatpreventmobile-deviceusewhiledriving,andsomeofthemalertparentsoremployerswhenausertriestobeatthesystem.They'veemergedonthemarketasalarmgrowsoverthecarnagecausedbydistracteddriving.
D.Morethan3,300peopledieand420,000areinjuredannuallyincrashesattributedtodistracteddrivers.Butthosenumbersmaybelowbecause,otherthanadriver'sadmissionoffault,it'sachallengetoprovethatdistractioncausedacrash.Amongalldriversinvolvedinfatalcrashes,teenswerethemostlikelytohavebeendistracted,NationalHighwayTrafficAdministrationdatashow."Theyfeelinvincible,"saidJurekGrabowski,directorofresearchattheAAAFoundationforTrafficSafety."Theyhavelargesocialnetworksandtheywanttostayincontactwiththem."
E.Conversationsonthego,texting,surfingtheInternetandtakingselfies(自拍)aresuchahabitamongteensthatstudiesshowtheyunderestimatetherisk.Teensmakeupasignificantpercentageoftheapproximately660,000driverswhoarehavingphoneconversationsormanipulatingelectronicdeviceswhiledrivingatanygivenmomentduringdaylighthoursintheUnitedStates.Andmostteenagerswhochat,textorsurfwhiledrivingarebreakingthelaw.TheDistrictand37states--includingMarylandandVirginia--bannovicedriversfromtalkingonthephonewhiledriving.Thethreelocaljurisdictions(管辖区)and41otherstatesbaralldriversfromsendingandreceivingtextmessageswhiledriving.Butrespectforthoselawsissimilartothatgiventhespeedlimit.
F."Weneedtoalmostturnthisthingintoabrick,"DavidColemansaidrecently,holdinguphiscellphonewhilesittinginaBowieStarbucks."Itcan'tjustbeabouttexting.Ithastobeaboute-mail,Facebookandnoinappropriatecalls."ColemanismarketingdirectorforLouisiana-basedCellcontrol,oneofseveralcompaniescompetingforthechancetoshutdownpeople'smobiledeviceswhilethey'redriving.Mostofthecompaniesthatsellcellphoneservice--Verizon,AT&T,Sprintandothers--alsoprovideappsthatcanlimitaccess.
G.ManyoftheappsaretriggeredwhenaGPSsensordetectsthatavehicleisinmotion,andsome—suchasAT&T'sDriveMode---willalertparentsoremployerswhentheapphasbeenturnedoffordisabled.Independentexpertsconsiderthatafeaturebuyersshouldlookfor."Especiallyforyoungerdrivers.Ascleverasyoucanbe,theywillbemoreclever,"saidLeoMcCloskey,atechspecialistfortheIntelligentTransportationSocietyofAmerica."Thebestwaytodoitistointegratethedevicewiththevehiclesothatyoucouldhavemoreprecisecontrol."
H.Thatprecisecontrolmeansthatparentsoremployerscanselectthefeaturestheywanttoallowtheirdriverstouseandblockthosethatworrythem."It'simportanttohaveasolidoversightfunctionsothatusecanbemonitoredbyafleet(车队)managerorparent,"saidRussRaderoftheInsuranceInstituteforHighwaySafety."Cellcontrolisoneofthebetter,mostcompletesystems.TeenSaferisanotheronethatwe'velookedatthatworksprettywell..Theseproductsaregoingtobethemostusefulforfleetoperatorsandforparentstryingtocontrolphoneusebytheirdrivingteens.BothCellcontrolandTeenSaferwillreportattemptstodisruptthesystem."
I.Businessesthatsendfleetsofcars,vansortrucksontothestreetshaveshownincreasinginterestinthoseproducts,asjurieshaveissuedmultimillion-dollarrewardstothoseinjuredorkilledbydistracteddriverswhowereonthejob.
J.Systemsintegratedintothevehiclearetriggeredwhenthecarortruckbeginstomove."We'renotguessingbasedonasatellite,we'redependingonthevehicletotellus,"saidCellcontrol'sColemanashespentamorningdemonstratinghiscompany'sproductinPrinceGeorge'sCounty."Otherwise,howdoIknowyou'renotonaGreyhoundbusoronaplanethathaslandedandistaxiing(滑行)tothegate?
"
K.Cellcontrolprovidestwooptionsforconnectingtoavehicle.OneisadevicethesizeofanE-Zpasstransponder(电子收费应答器)thatisgluedtothewindshieldwiththesameadhesivematerialusedtosecurerearviewmirrors.Themoresophisticatedchoiceplugsintoavehicle'sdiagnosticcomputerport.The$129-systemworkswithiPhones,Androids,BlackBerrysandWindowsMobile.
L.Thesysteminvolvesanappthatisdownloadedtothephoneofthedriver--teenageroremployee.Thekeytothesystemissoftwarethatcanbeinstalledonahomecomputer,tabletormobiledevicethatallowsanauthorizedperson--parentorboss--tocustomizewhatthedriverispermittedtodo,andtomonitorcompliance(遵从)."We'renotblockingthesignal,we'reallowingaprotectivepolicytobebroughtintothedevice,"hesaid."Theadministratorhastheoptiontomakethepolicyasrestrictiveaspossible,ornot."Forexample,phoneusecouldberestrictedtoahands-freedevice.Orcallscouldberestrictedtoanemergencynumberoraparentoroffice.Orparentscouldattempttomandate(命令)thatallpassengersinthecardrivenbytheirteenagerdownloadtheapp."Youcoulddecidethisisthekids'carandwedon'twantastupidsittinginthepassenger'sseatshowingthedriverYouTubevideos,"Colemansaid.
M.Colemandemonstratedhowhisphonewaspre-programmedtogointosafemodewhenhedrove,butwhenhandedtoapassengeritwasfullyoperative.Asecondphonehebroughtalongwentintosafemodewhenthecarwasmoving,regardlessofwhetheritwasinhishandsorthoseofapassenger.Acknowledgingthatparentsaredealingwithatechnology-savvy(精通科技的)generationandthatemployersexistinatechnologicallysmartworld,Colemansaid,"We'vebuiltinsometrapsandfail-safes(故障安全装置)tonotifytheparentoremployer."
N.McCloskeysaidthatcompanieslikeCellcontrolthatprovideintegratedservicesare"whereweneedtogo.""Theoperatingsystemofthephoneitselfcaninteractwiththeoperatingsystemofthevehicleinsuchawaythatservicescanbeauthorized,servicescanbepresented,andservicescanbeconsumedallinasafeandpredictablemanner,"McCloskeysa