Survey of English Speaking Countries.docx

Survey of English Speaking Countries.docx

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SurveyofEnglishSpeakingCountries

SurveyofEnglishSpeakingCountries

TheUK

“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.”

Shortforms:

TheUnitedKingdom

TheUK

GreatBritain

Britain

England（informal）

WhatcountriesistheUKcomposedof?

England

Scotland

Wales

NorthernIreland

Coastalislands（ex.TheOrkneyIslandsandtheShetlandIslands）.

HowbigistheUK?

Totalareais242,532squarekilometers.

PopulationsintheUK

58.4millionpeople（60,943,912inJuly‘08）

Roughly239peopleperkm2

Primarilyurban

7conurbations（extendedurbanareas）:

GreaterLondon,W.Midlands,SouthYorkshire,W.Yorkshire,GreaterManchester,Merseyside,Tyne&Wear

LocationQuiz

TheUSA

OfficialName

“TheUnitedStatesofAmerica.”

Shortforms:

USA

America

TheUS

TheStates

HowmanystatesmakeuptheUnitedStates?

50statesandonefederaldistrict

WhatisthetotalareaoftheUnitedStates?

Totalareais9,372,614squarekilometers（38.6timesthesizeoftheUK）.

Populationjustpassed303,824,640（booksays249millionbutisnow18yearsoutofdate）

NicknameQuiz

TheWindyCityWashington,DC

TheMotorCityNewYorkCity

TheBigAppleChicago

CitybytheBayHouston

BeantownPhiladelphia

SpaceCity,USALosAngeles

TheCityofBrotherlyLoveDetroit

LABoston

CapitalCitySanFrancisco

LocationQuiz

Genesis

HowmanydaysdidittakeGodtocreatetheworld?

Wheredidwomancomefrom?

Whatdoesmanlooklike?

WhatroledidGodgivemaninrelationtotheanimals&birds?

ConversationalBallgames

Whatballgame（s）doestheauthorcompareAmericanconversationto?

Whyisthisimportant?

Whatpointistheauthortryingtomake?

EarlyHistory

TheBeginningsoftheUK（2.1）

Shapedbyaseriesofinvaders:

Cavemen/StoneAgemen（6,000-5,000BC）

BritainconnectedbyalandbridgetothecontinentofEurope.

Iberians（3,000BC）

FromtheMediterranean,usedboats.

CelticTribes（750BC）

Included:

Gaels&Britons.CrossedfromEuropeinsearchofemptyland.

Moreinvaders

Romans（55BC-AD410）

Invadedtwiceandruledformanyyears

NorthernTribes（AD410-871）

Included:

Angles,Saxons,Jutes（spokeOldEnglish,English’spredecessor）.

Vikings（AD871）

InvadedfromNorwayandDenmark.

IndustrialRevolution

LargepopulationGrowth

TheBritishEmpireallowedeasyforeigntrade

TheEnclosureActs

TheBeginningsoftheUSA（2.2）

OriginallyinhabitedbyNativeAmericans（Indians）.CrossedontheBeringLandBridge.

ChristopherColumbus（1492）

In1492Columbussailedtheoceanblue.

AmerigoVespucci（1499）

FirsttorealizeAmericawasanewcontinent.

TheRoadtoIndependence

Notaxationwithoutrepresentation.

BritishtaxedColonistsbutColonistswerenotrepresentedinBritishParliament.

1773TeaActcausedtheBostonTeaParty

1775ContinentalCongressbeganactingasanationalgovernment.

1776DeclarationOfIndependence（pennedbyThomasJefferson）

1781BritishSurrender

1783PeaceTreatyofParis

AmericanCivilWar

FactorsinthNorthandSouthhaddifferenteconomicsystems

—Plantationsvs.Factories

Disputesoverslavery

—Balanceofpoliticalpowerbetween“free”and“slave”statese

TheCivilWar

From1861-1865

SlavestatesbrokeawayfromtheUnitedStatesandbecameTheConfederateStatesofAmerica

Lincolnvs.JeffersonDavis

Grantvs.Lee

NorthfinallydefeatedtheSouth

SignificanceoftheWar

KeptAmericatogether

DestroyedSlavery

ReconstructionoftheSouth

—Verylonganddifficult

—AlotofhatredbetweenSoutherners/Northerners&blacks/whites

WWI

ReasonsforWWI:

Thesystemofalliances

Nationalism

Previousdisputes

Badgovernments

Delaysandmisunderstandingsindiplomaticcommunications

Thearmsracesofthepreviousdecades.

Old-stylemilitaryplanning

Colonialrivalry

Economicrivalry

AlliesorEntentePowers

TheBritishEmpire

France

RussianEmpire

UnitedStatesofAmerica

TheCentralPowers

Austria-Hungary

Bulgaria

Germany

OttomanEmpire

ExamplesofnewWeaponswidelyusedinWWI

MachineGun

Machinegunsneeded4-6mentoworkthemandhadtobeonaflatsurface.Theyhadthefire-powerof100guns.

Largefieldgunshadalongrangeandcoulddeliverdevastatingblowstotheenemybutneededupto12mentoworkthem.Theyfiredshellswhichexplodedonimpact.

Tanks

TankswereusedforthefirsttimeintheFirstWorldWarattheBattleoftheSomme.TheyweredevelopedtocopewiththeconditionsontheWesternFront.Thefirsttankwascalled'LittleWillie'andneededacrewof3.Itsmaximumspeedwas3mphanditcouldnotcrosstrenches.

Themoremoderntankwasnotdevelopeduntiljustbeforetheendofthewar.Itcouldcarry10men,hadarevolvingturretandcouldreach4mph.

Planes

Planeswerealsousedforthefirsttime.Atfirsttheywereusedtodeliverbombsandforspyingworkbutbecamefighteraircraftarmedwithmachineguns,bombsandsometimescannons.

TermsoftheTreatyofVersailles

GeneralClauses

WarGuiltclause-Germanytoacceptblameforstartingthewar.

Reparations-Germanywastopayforthedamagecausedbythewar.Thefigureof£6,600millionwassetsometimeafterthesigningofthetreaty.

MilitaryClauses

Smallmilitaryforce

TerritorialClauses

Land-Germanylostlandtoanumberofothercountries.

ModernTimes

WhatisCharlieChaplinsayinginhismovie?

GrapesofWrath

Whatstorydoestheauthortellus?

WheredidtheAmericansettlersgettheirlandfrom?

Whydotheylosetheirconnectiontotheland?

WWII

MajorWWIIPowers

Axis:

Allies:

GermanyUK

JapanUSA

ItalyUSSR

HungaryPoland

BulgariaFrance

RomaniaAlliesRepublicofChin

MeinKampf

Whatmakesgoodpropaganda?

Buddhism

Originatedaround500BC

StartedbySiddharthaGautama

DoctrineisintheBuddhistScriptures

--NocreatorGod

--CentralRoletotheDoctrineofKarma（youractionsinthisworlddetermineyourfateorfuture）

--Allexistenceissuffering

--Thecauseofsufferingisdesire

--FreedomfromsufferingisNirvana

--PathtoNirvanaisethicalconduct,wisdom&mentaldiscipline.

AfollowerofBuddhismiscalledaBuddhist

Hinduism

Hasover900millionadherentsworldwide.

Notasingledoctrine,andthereisnosinglefounderorteacher. 

OriginatedaroundtheIndusValleyneartheRiverIndusinmoderndayPakistan.

BelieveinauniversaleternalsoulcalledBrahman,whocreatedandispresentineverything.

AlsoworshipotherdeitiessuchasRam,Shiva,LakshmiandHanuman,recognizingdifferentattributesofBrahmaninthem.

Hindusbelievethatexistenceisacycleofbirth,death,andrebirth,governedbyKarma.

TheVedasarethemostancientreligiousHindutextanddefinethetruth.

HindusbelievethatthetextswerereceivedbyscholarsdirectlyfromGodandpassedontogenerationsbywordofmouth.

OriginofYogameditation

Islam

OriginatedinearlyAD600

StartedbytheProphetMohammed

DoctrineisintheKoran（Qur’an）

--Islamicsacredbook,believedtobethewordofGodasdictatedtoMuhammadbythearchangelGabrielandwrittendowninArabic.

--Providesamoralorethicalcodetobefollowed

AfollowerofIslamiscalledaMuslim（Moslem）

Christianity

OriginatedinAD30

StartedbytheteachingsofJesusChrist

DoctrineisintheHolyBible,especiallytheNewTestament

--Ideaof3in1:

TheFather（God）,Son（Jesus）,andtheHolySpirit

--Christianshopetoattain“eternallife”byfollowingtheteachingsofJesus（whowashimselfresurrectedinthebible）.

Dividedintomanygroups:

Catholic,Orthodox&Protestant

AfollowerofChristianityiscalledaChristian.

Judaism

Originatedaround350B.C.

DoctrineistheTorah

---ThelawofGodasrevealedtoMoses

---Godisone,all-knowingandall-powerful（donotbelievethatJesuswasthesonofGod）

JewishChurchesarecalledSynagogues

Bothareligionandanethnicgroup

EarlyChristianswereJewish

AfollowerofJudaismiscalleda“Jew”

ReligiousHolidays

Christmas（Dec.25th）

---Christ’sBirthday

Easter（1stSundayafterVernalEquinox）

---DeathandResurrectionofChrist

---Painteggs

TheSabbathor“DayofRest”

---Sundays

ReviewQuestions

TheMajorityofAmericanspracticewhatfaith?

WhatisthelargestandmostpowerfulreligiousdenominationinEngland?

Bush’s9/11Speech

AccordingtoBush,whywasAmericaattacked?

WhatwillAmericadoaboutit?

Terrorism

AlQaeda

---FoundedbyOsamaBinLaden

---Responsiblefor9/11attacks

Bush

---Waronterrorism

---Pre-emptiveattacks

---“CultureofFear”

---Muslimsinairports

USInterventions

Post-WWII

ColdwarwithSovietUnion

ProtectingUSBusinessinterests

ProtectingUSinterests,allies,andcivilianpopulations

Argumentsfor/against“worldpolice”

---Veryexpensive

UKGovernment&PoliticalParties

ConstitutionalMonarchy

Parliament

---HouseOfCommons

---HouseofLords

---TheMonarch

The“Government”（Executive）

Judicial

QueenElizabethII

AtherCoronation2June1953

TheHouseofCommons

Currently646members（5districtswereeliminatedsincethebookwaspublished）

---MembersareelectedfromDistricts

Holdseatsforamaximumof5years.

PresidedoverbytheSpeaker,electedfromthemajorityparty.

Dividedbypoliticalparties

---Majority=Government

---Minority=Opposition

FunctionsoftheHouseofCommons

Makeslaws.

MajoritypartyleadercreatestheGovernment:

PrimeMinister&Cabinet

Commonscontrolsthecountry’smoney

Oppositionpartyprovidescounterpointview.

Howalawispassed

1.AbillisproposedintheHouseofCommons

---1stReading:

Ceremonial

---2ndReading:

RejectedorsenttoCommittee

---3rdReading:

VotesYes

2.HouseofLordsVotes

---IfCommons&Lordsbothpassthesameversionthen…

3.TheQueenAutomaticallySignsthebi