英语四级段落信息匹配题及答案.docx

英语四级段落信息匹配题及答案.docx

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英语四级段落信息匹配题及答案

英语四级段落信息匹配题及答案

英语四级段落信息匹配题篇1

Paper--MorethanMeetstheEye

A）Wearesurroundedbysomuchpaperandcardthatitiseasytoforgetjusthowplexitis.Therearemanyvarietiesandgradesofpapermaterials,andwhilstitisfairlyeasytospotthevarieties,itisfarmoredifficulttospotthegrades.

B）Itneedstobeunderstoodthatmostpaperandcardismanufacturedforaspecificpurpose,sothatwhilstthecorn-flakepacketmaylooksmart,itisclearlynotsomethingdestinedforthearchives.Itismadetolookgood,butonlyneedsalimitedlifespan.Itisalsomuchcheapertomanufacturethanhighgradecard.

C）Papercanbemadefromanalmostendlessvarietyofcellulose-basedmaterialwhichwillincludemanywoods,cottonsandgrassesorwhichpapyrusisanexleandfromwherewegetthewordpaper.Manyoftheseareveryspecialized,butthepreponderanceofpapermakinghasbeenfromsoftwoodandcottonorrags,withthebulkbeingwood-based.

PaperfromWood

D）Inordertomakewoodintopaperitneedstobebrokendownintofinestrands.Firstlybypowerfulmachineryandthenboiledwithstrongalkaliessuchascausticsoda,untilafinepulpofcellulosefibersisproduced.Itisfromthispulpthatthefinalproductismade,relyingonthebondingtogetherofthecelluloseintolayers.That,inaverysmallnutshell,istheessenceofpapermakingfromwood.However,therealityisrathermoreplicated.Inordertogiveusourwhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladdbleachandothermaterialssuchaschinaclayandadditionalchemicals.

E）Afurtherproblemwithwoodisthatitcontainsamaterialthatisnotcellulose.Somethingcalledlignin.Thisisessentialforthetreesinceitholdsthecellulosefibrestogether,butifitisincorporatedintothemanufacturedpaperitpresentsarchivistswithaproblem.Lignineventuallybreaksdownandreleasesacidproductsintothepaper.Thiswillweakenthebondbetweenthecellulosefibersandthepaperwillbeebrittleandlookratherbrownandcareworn.Wehaveallseenthisinoldnewspapersandcheappaperbackbooks.Ithasbeenestimatedthatmostpaperbackbookswillhavealifeofnotgreaterthanfiftyyears.Notwhatweneedforourarchives.

F）Sincethelignincanberemovedfromthepaperpulpduringmanufacture,theobviousquestioniswhyisitleftinthepaperTheanswerliesinthefactthatligninmakesupaconsiderablepartofthetree.Byleavingthelignininthepulpapapermakercanincreasehispaperyieldfromatreetosome95%.Removingitmeansayieldofonly35%.Itisclearlyuneconomictoremovetheligninformanypaperandcardapplications.

G）Italsomeans,ofcourse,thatlignin-freepaperisgoingtobemoreexpensive,butthatisneverthelesswhatthearchivistmustlookforinhissupplies.Thereisnopointwhatsoeverincarefullyplacingourvaluableartifactsinpaperorcardthatisgoingtohastentheirdemise.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials,causingthemtofadeandissomecasessimplyvanish!

H）So,howdowetellapieceofsuitablepaperorcardfromonethatisunsuitableYoucannotdoitbysimplylooking,andratherdisappointingly,youcannotalwaysrelyonthelabel.Acid-freemightbetrueinasmuchasatestonthepapermayindicatethatitisaneutralmaterialatthistime.Butlignincantakeyearsbeforeitstartstheinevitableprocessofbreakingdown,andintherightconditionsitwillspeedupenormously.

I）Addedtothis,asIhaveindicatedearlier,papermayalsocontainothermaterialsaddedduringmanufacturesuchasbleach,chinaclay,chemicalwhitenersandsize.Thislookslikeableakpicture,anditwouldbebutforthefactthattherearesupplierswhowillguaranteethematerialthattheysell.Ifyouwanttobeabsolutelysurethatyouarestoringin,orprintingon,thecorrectmaterialthenthisisprobablytheonlyway.

J）Incidentally,acidscanmigratefrommaterialtomaterial.Liningoldshoeboxeswithgoodqualityacid-freepaperwilldolittletoguardthecontents.Theacidwillgetthereintheend.

PaperfromRag

K）Paperisalsomonlymadefromcottonandragwaste.Thishastheadvantageofbeinglignin-free,butbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees,italsotendstobemuchmoreexpensivethanwoodpulppaper.Youwillstillneedtopurchasefromareliablesourcethough,sinceevenragpaperandcardcancontainundesirableadditives.

L）Areliablesourceforqualityragpapersisarecognizedartstockiest.Manywatercolorartistsinsistonusingonlyfinequalityragpaperandboard.

M）Themainlessontolearnfromthisinformationisthatyoucannotrelyonpurchasingarchivalmaterialsfromthehighstreet.Theonlysafesolutionistopurchasefromspecialistsuppliers.Itmaycostrathermore,butintheendyouwillknowthatyourimportantandvaluabledataandimageshavethebesthomepossible.

1.Thecorn-flakepacketischeaperthanhighgradecard.

2.Therearealotofmaterialswhichcanbeusedformakingpaper,butthesuperiorityonesaresoftwood,cottonandrags.

3.Duringthewholemanufacturingprocess,thefinalproductismadefromapulpofcellulosefibres.

4.Inordertomakewhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladdbleach.

5.Liguinisessentialforthetreebutitwillmakepapereasytobreak.

6.Manypaperproducerswillpreserveligninduringmanufacture,becauseleavingtheligninwillmakemorepaperfromatree.

7.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials.

8.Iftheligninisremovedfromthepaper,thepaperwillbemoreexpensive.

9.Althoughfreeoflignin,papermadefromcottonandragwastecanalsocostmoremoneythanwoodpulppaperbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees.

10.WhatwecanlearnfromPaperfromRagisthatyouhadbetterbuyarchivalmaterialsfromspecialistsuppliers.

答案参考：

1.B根据题干中的信息提示词cornflakepacket,highgradecard,可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flakepacket在制造过程中比高等级的纸（highgradecard）便宜.

2.C根据题干中的信息提示词softwood，cottonandrags，可定位到文章第三段最后一句。

3.D根据题干中的信息提示词finalproduct，可将答案定位到D段，第二、三句提到最后的产品纤维素纸浆。

4.D根据题干中的信息提示词whitepaperandcard，可将答案定位到D段，该部分最后提到为了得到白纸，纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质。

5.E根据题干中的信息提示词essentialforthetree，可将答案定位到E段，该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物，其作用是凝聚纤维素，但它会使纸张变得易碎。

6.F根据题干中的信息提示词lignin，可将答案定位到F段，该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素，主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量。

7.G根据题干中的信息提示词acid，可将答案定位到G段，该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利。

8.F根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的F段，因为该段提到，如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素，将会降低树木出产纸张的量，由此可以知道，去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵。

9.K根据题干中的信息提示词cottonandragwaste可定位到文章的K段，该部分告诉我们，尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素，但它们要比木制的纸贵很多，这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多，由此可以得出答案。

10.M根据题干中的信息提示词PaperfromRa9可定位到文章的最后一段，该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买档案材料，由此可以得出答案。

英语四级段落信息匹配题篇2

EndangeredPeoples

A）Today,itisnotdistance,butculturethatseparatesthepeoplesoftheworld.Thecentralquestionofourtimemaybehowtodealwithculturaldifferences.Sobeginsthebook,EndangeredPeoples,byArtDavidson.Itisanattempttoprovideunderstandingoftheissuesaffectingtheworldsnativepeoples.Thisbooktellsthestoriesof21tribes,cultures,andculturalareasthatarestrugglingtosurvive.Ittellseachstorythroughthevoiceofamemberofthetribe.Mr.Davidsonrecordedtheirwords.ArtWolfeandJohnIsaactookpicturesofthem.TheorganizationcalledtheSierraClubpublishedthebook.

B）ThenativegroupslivefarapartinNorthAmericaorSouthAmerica,AfricaorAsia.Yettheirsituationsaresimilar.Theyarefightingthemarchofprogressinanefforttokeepthemselvesandtheirculturesalive.Someofthemfollowancientwaysmostofthetime.Somefollowmodernwaysmostofthetime.Theyhaveonefootinancientworldandonefootinmodernworld.Theyhopetocontinuetobalancebetweenthesetwoworlds.Yetthepressurestoforgettheirtraditionsandjointhemodernworldmaybetoogreat.

C）RigobertaMenchuofGuatemala,theNobelPeacePrizewinnerin1992,offersherthoughtsinthebeginningofthebookEndangeredPeoples.Shenotesthatmanypeopleclaimthatnativepeoplearelikestoriesfromthepast.Theyareruinsthathavedied.Shedisagreesstrongly.Shesaysnativemunitiesarenotremainsofthepast.Theyhaveafuture,andtheyhavemuchwisdomandrichnesstooffertherestoftheworld.

D）ArtDavidsontraveledthousandsofmilesaroundtheworldwhileworkingonthebook.Hetalkedtomanypeopletogathertheirthoughtsandfeelings.Mr.Davidsonnotesthattheirdesiresarethesame.Peoplewanttoremainthemselves~hesays.Theywanttoraisetheirchildrenthewaytheywereraised.Theywanttheirchildrentospeaktheirmothertongue,theirownlanguage.Theywantthemtohavetheirparentsvaluesandcustoms.Mr.Davidsonsaysthepeoplescriesarethesame:

DoesourculturehavetodieDowehavetodisappearasapeople

E）ArtDavidsonlivedformorethan25yearsamongnativepeopleintheAmericanstateofAlaska.Hesayshisinterestinnativepeoplesbeganhisboyhoodwhenhefoundanancientstonearrowhead.Thearrowheadwasusedasaweapontohuntfood.ThehunterwasanAmericanIndian,longdead.Mr.DavidsonrealizedthenthatIndianshadlivedinthestateofColorado,rightwherehewasstanding.Anditwasthen,hesays,thathefirstwondered:

WherearetheyWheredidtheygoHefoundanswerstohisearlyquestion.Manyofthenativepeopleshaddisappeared.Theywereforcedofftheirlands.Ortheywerekilledinbattle.Ortheydiedfromdiseasesbroughtbynewsettlers.Othernativepeoplesremained,buttheyhadtofighttosurvivethepressuresofthemodernworld.

F）TheGwichinareanexleofthesurvivors.TheyhavelivedinwhatisnowAlaskaandCanadafor10,000years.Nowabout5,000Gwichinremain.Theyaremainlyhunters.Theyhuntthecari