中英文化差异在商务英语翻译中的体现.docx
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中英文化差异在商务英语翻译中的体现
题目:
论中英文化差异在商务英语翻译中的体现
Title:
ReflectionofCulturalDifferencesbetweenChinaandEnglandinBusinessEnglishTranslation
论中英文化差异在商务英语翻译中的体现
摘要:
国际商务英语是人们从事国际商务活动时经常使用的英语。
它是以国际商务为语言背景的应用性英语学科。
不同的民族有着不同的宗教信仰,地理位置,思维方式和价值观念,因此,从事国际商务英语翻译的人员必须掌握本国与异国的民族文化差异。
本文侧重分析文化差异在商务英语翻译中的表现。
首先从对宗教信仰,思维方式,地理位置及价值观念的不同所导致的文化差异分析入手,然后从动物,色彩,数字三个方面深入探究,从而阐述了文化差异在商务翻译中的具体体现,进而探索了文化差异对商务翻译的影响。
关键词:
文化,文化差异,商务翻译,文化意识
ReflectionofCulturalDifferencesbetweenChinaandEnglandinBusinessEnglishTranslation
Abstract:
InternationalbusinessEnglishisacommonlanguageusedinengagementininternationalbusinessactivitiesforthetranslators.ItservesasanapplicableEnglishdiscipline,whichtakesinternationalbusinessaslanguagebackground.Differentnationshavedifferentreligiousbeliefs,thinkingmodes,geographicallocationandculturalvalues.Whereupon,thetranslatorsengagedinbusinessEnglishshouldmastertheculturaldifferencesbetweennativecountriesandforeigncountries.ThispapermainlyanalyzestheembodimentofculturaldifferencesintheinternationalBusinessEnglishtranslation.ThispaperfirstlystartswithculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseresultingfromthedifferentreligiousbeliefs,modesofthinking,geographicallocationandvalues,thenelaboratesthereflectionofculturaldifferencesintheinternationalBusinessEnglishtranslationfromthethreeaspects(animals,colors,andnumbers).Finallyitdiscussesabouttheinfluencesofculturaldifferencesonbusinesstranslation.
KeyWords:
culture,culturedifference,culturalsense,businesstranslation
Introduction
Whenthehumanbeingemergedintheancienttime,culturealsoemerged.Atthesametime,sincethehistoricdevelopmentpaceofthehumanbeingbeguntobeaccelerated,therewerealotofscholarsdevotedtostudyingtheconceptofculture.theBritishanthropologistTaylorinhisbookPrimitiveculture(1992)mentioned:
“cultureorcivilization,intermsofitscomprehensivenationalmeaning,isacertaincomplexintegrationincludingknowledge,belief,art,moral,law,customsaswellastheotherabilitiesandhabitsacquiredasasocialmember.”Ontheanalysisofculturedefinition,Claire(2001)believedthatsociologistsandanthropologistshaveadefinitionincommonthatcultureistheachievementssharedbyhumangrouporsociety,whichnotonlyincludevalue,languageandknowledge,butalsodotheobjectofmaterial.
Withtheglobalizationoftheworldeconomy,thecommunicationandexchangesamongcountrieshavebeenencouragedandstrengthened.Therefore,morefrequentinterculturalcommunicationhasbeenwidespread.However,lackofcorrectandabundantmasteringofculturaldifferenceswillhinderfromgoodunderstandingofbusinessEnglish.Forpeopleengagedinbusinesstranslation,theymusthaveagoodcommandofknowledgeofculturaldifferencestoaccomplisheffectiveandsuccessfulbusinesstranslation.ThispaperfocusesonanalyzingtheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesereflectedmainlyinbusinesstranslation,whichcanbepresentedbysuchconcretedifferencesintheunderstandingofanimals,colorsandnumbers.Afterthat,theauthortriestocomeupwithsomespecificfactors,whichresultinculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish.OnlywhenwehaveanadequateunderstandingandagoodcommandoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesecanweachieveaneffectiveandsuccessfulbusinesstranslation.Lastbutnotleast,theauthormakesabriefdiscussionontheconcretepresentationofinfluencesofculturaldifferencesinbusinesstranslation.Sothepaperisdividedintofiveparts:
Partoneistheintroductionofthepaper.Parttwomainlydiscussessuchattributesasdifferentreligiousbeliefs,thinkingmodes,geographicallocationandculturalvalues.Partthreemainlyanalyzestheculturedifferencesrepresentationinbusinesstranslation.Itinvolvesdifferentunderstandingofcolors,animalsandnumbersbetweenChineseandEnglish.Partfourpointsouttheinfluencesofculturaldifferencesinbusinesstranslation.Itwillbeexploredatsuchspecificaspectsastrademark,denominationandadvertisingdesigntranslation.Finally,theauthorappealstothetranslatorsforthenecessitytheyshouldstrengthenculturalsenseinbusinesstranslation.Partfiveistheconclusionofthepaper.
1.CulturalDifferencesinBusinessTranslation
Fromtheancienttimestillnow,culturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandtheWesthavealreadybeenacknowledgedbymanypeople.Inthesecondchapter,embarkingonthedefinitionofcultureandculturaldifferences,IwillmainlydiscussaboutculturaldifferencesreflectedbetweenChineseandEnglish,whichinvolvedifferentunderstandingofcolors,animals,andnumbersasfollows.
1.1CultureDifferences
Inthenextchapter,Iwillanalyzethedefinitionofculturetomakefortheunderstandingofcultureandculturaldifferences,pavingthewayforthenextchapters.
1.1.1DefinitionofCulture
Whenthehumanbeingemergedintheancienttime,culturealsoemerged.Atthesametime,sincethehistoricdevelopmentpaceofthehumanbeingbeguntobeaccelerated,therewerealotofscholarsdevotedtostudyingtheconceptofculture.Previousresearcheswereconcludedonwhatculturemeans(梁启超,1922),allofwhichcametoacommonconclusionthat:
Cultureisthesumtotalofuniquebeliefs,customs,systems,objectivesandtechnologythatacertainsocietyformpossesses.
Withregardtothedefinitionoftheculture,itisademandingproblem,whichisreflectedattheaspectsofthevariousopinionsaboutitanditscolorfulcontent.Asaresult,asforthedefinitionofthecultureinculturalstudy,itisitsclarificationandanalysisthatisgreatlyindispensable.Weshouldnotneglectthephenomenonofthedefinitionofcultureformedbytheproblemofit.Thephenomenonofculturaldefinitionismanifestedonmanyopinionsofit.Atpresent,theacknowledgedopinionfromtheacademicfieldisthattheBritishanthropologist,Taylor,whoiscalled“theFatherofAnthropology”,isthefirstonetohavethepossessionofgreatinfluenceondefiningculture.Heproducedacertainclassicaldefinitionoftheculture.OnthechapterabouttheScienceofCultureinhisbookPrimitiveculture(Taylor,1992)hementioned:
“cultureorcivilization,intermsofitscomprehensivenationalmeaning,isacertaincomplexintegrationincludingknowledge,belief,art,moral,law,customsaswellastheotherabilitiesandhabitsacquiredasasocialmember.”Apparently,thedefinitionconveystheexplanationthatcultureisthetotalofhumancreationintheprocessofsocialdevelopment,whichincludesmaterialtechnology,socialrulesandthespiritofideas.Fromthenon,thedefinitionofculturegivenbyTaylorhasbecometheoriginofthephenomenonofculturedefinition.Inaddition,latergenerationshaveapprovalanddisapprovalofit;atthesametime,somenewideashavebeenputforward.Asforwhattheculturemeans,uptillnow,therehavebeenmorethan200kindsofdefinitions.Undoubtedly,culturedefinitionitselfhasbecomeacertaininterestingacademicphenomenonunderfrequentdebate.
Besides,onthephenomenonofculturedefinition,thereexistssomekindoftypicalconditionwhichisthedifferentdefinitionofcultureamongallthedisciplines.Forexample,withregardtothedefinitionsofculturemadebyanthropologists,theAmericananthropologistClyde(1985)reachedsomeconclusionsinhisbookcultureandindividual(Clyde,1985)
(1)Culturecanbeunderstoodbylearning.
(2)Culturederivesfromthesumofcomponentssuchasbiology,environment,psychologyandhistory.(3)Culturehasstructure.(4)Culturecanbedividedintoeveryaspect.(5)Cultureisdynamic.(6)Culturecanbechanged.(7)Culturemanifeststheregularityandcanbefurtheranalyzedbywayofscientificmethods.(8)Cultureisthetoolofadaptingtheindividualtotheentireenvironmentandthemeansofexpressingthecreativity.Hebelieved:
“Anthropologistcancomparethedescriptionofculturewiththemap.”However,itisclearthatmapisn’taspecificpatchbuttheabstractdescriptionofparticularareas.Ifmaphasbeenchartedprecisely,peoplewillnotgetlostonwatchingit;onthecontrary,ifculturegetsthecorrectdescription,peoplewillrecognizetheexistenceofacertainkindoflifestylewithparticularnaturesandgetacquaintedwiththemutualrelationshipbetweenthem.
Attheaspectofthedefinitionofculture,opinionsfromsociologistsarebyfarmostsimilartothosefromanthropologists.Ontheanalysisofculturedefinition,Claire(2001)believedthatsociologistsandanthropologistshaveadefinitionincommonthatcultureistheachievementssharedbyhumangrouporsociety,whichnotonlyincludevalue,languageandknowledge,butalsodotheobjectofmaterial.
Besides,onthedefinitionofculture,thereisacertainphenomenoncloselyrelatedtoit.Thisphenomenoniswhencultureisbeingdifferentiatedandclassifiedvariousdifferentopinionswillbeproduced.Intermsofthedifferentiationofculture,themostcommonpairisgeneralizedcultureandspecializedculture,whichiscalledmacro-cultureandmicro-culture.Atthispoint,theJapanesefamoussociologistFuYongjian(2004)believed:
asweclassifysocietyintosocietywithbroadsenseandsocietywithnarrowsense,itisessentialtodividecultureintogeneralizedcultureandspecializedculture.Generalizedsocietyisthecategoryinoppositiontonature;likewise,generalizedcultureisalsousedasthecategoryoppositetonature.Inthiscase,technology,economy,politics,lawandreligionetccanbeconsideredasthecontentinthefieldofcultur