信息系统开发和数据库开发外文翻译中英文版资料.docx

信息系统开发和数据库开发外文翻译中英文版资料.docx

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信息系统开发和数据库开发外文翻译中英文版资料

InformationSystemDevelopmentandDatabaseDevelopment

Inmanyorganizations,databasedevelopmentfromthebeginningofenterprisedatamodeling,datamodelingenterprisesdeterminethescopeofthedatabaseandthegeneralcontent.Thisstepusuallyoccursinanorganization'sinformationsystemplanningprocess,itaimstohelporganizationscreateanoveralldatadescriptionorexplanation,andnotthedesignofaspecificdatabase.Aspecificdatabaseforoneormoreinformationsystemsprovidedataandthecorporatedatamodel（whichmayinvolveanumberofdatabases）describedbytheorganizationmaintainingthescopeofthedata.Datamodelingintheenterprise,youreviewofthecurrentsystem,theneedtosupportanalysisofthenatureofthebusinessareas,theneedforfurtherdescriptionoftheabstractdata,andplanningoneormoredatabasedevelopmentproject.Figure1showsPineValleyfurniturecompany'senterprisedatamodelofapart.

1.1InformationSystemArchitecture

Asshowninfigure1,seniordatamodelisonlygeneralinformationsystemarchitecture（ISA）orapartofanorganization'sinformationsystemblueprint.Intheinformationsystemplanning,youcanbuildanenterprisedatamodelasawholeinformationsystemarchitecturepart.AccordingtoZachman（1987）,SowaandZachman（1992）viewsofaninformationsystemarchitectureconsistsofthefollowingsixkeycomponents:

Data（Figure1shows,butthereareothermethodsthat）.

Manipulationofdataprocessing（ofadataflowdiagramcanbeused,withtheobjectmodelmethods,orothersymbolsthat）.

Networks,whichorganizationsandinorganizationswithitsmaintransmissionofdatabetweenbusinesspartners（itcanconnectthroughthenetworktopologymapandtodemonstrate）.

Peoplewhodealwiththeimplementationofdataandinformationandisthesourceandreceiver（intheprocessmodelforthedatashowsthatthesenderandthereceiver）.

Implementationoftheeventsandtimepoints（theycanusestatetransitiondiagramandothermeans.）

Thereasonsfortheincidentanddataprocessingrules（oftenintheformoftextdisplay,buttherearealsoanumberofchartsfortheplanningtoolssuchasdecisiontables）.

1.2InformationEngineering

Informationsystemsplannersinaccordancewiththespecificinformationsystemplanningmethodsdevelopedinformationsystemarchitecture.Informationengineeringisapopularandformalmethods.Informationengineeringisadata-orientedcreationandmaintenanceoftheinformationsystem.Informationengineeringisbecausethedata-oriented,sowhenyoubegintounderstandhowthedatabaseisdefinedbythelogoandwheninformationengineeringaconciseexplanationisveryhelpful.InformationEngineeringfollowtop-downplanningapproach,inwhichspecificinformationsystemsfromawiderangeofinformationneedsintheunderstandingderivedfrom（forexample,weneedaboutcustomers,products,suppliers,salesandprocessingofthedatacenter）,ratherthanmergingmanydetailedinformationrequested（orderssuchasascreenorinaccordancewiththeimportationofgeographicalsalessummaryreport）.Top-downplanningwillenabledeveloperstoplanmorecomprehensiveinformationsystem,considersystemcomponentsprovideanintegratedapproachtoenhancetheinformationsystemandtherelationshipbetweenthebusinessobjectivesoftheunderstanding,deepentheirunderstandingofinformationsystemsthroughouttheorganizationinunderstandingtheimpact.

InformationEngineeringincludesfoursteps:

planning,analysis,designandimplementation.Theplanningstageofprojectinformationgeneratedinformationsystemarchitecture,includingenterprisedatamodel.

1.3InformationSystemPlanning

InformationsystemsplanningobjectiveistoenableITorganizationsandthebusinessstrategycloselyintegrated,suchintegrationfortheinformationsystemsandtechnologytomakethemostoftheinvestmentinterestisveryimportant.Asthetableasadescription,informationengineeringapproachtheplanningstageincludethreesteps,weinthefollow-upofthreesectionstheydiscussed.

1.Criticalfactorsdeterminingtheplanning

Planningisthekeyfactorthatorganizationalobjectives,criticalsuccessfactorsandproblemareas.Thesefactorsdeterminethepurposeoftheestablishmentofplanningandenvironmentplanningandinformationsystemslinkedtostrategicbusinessplanning.Table2showsthePineValleyfurniturecompany'skeyplanninganumberofpossiblefactors,thesefactorscontributetotheinformationsystemsmanagerforthenewinformationsystemsanddatabasesclubstopprioritytodealwiththedemand.Forexample,giventheimprecisesalesforecaststhisproblemareas,informationsystemsmanagersintheorganizationmaybestoredinthedatabaseadditionalhistoricalsalesdata,newmarketresearchdataandnewproducttestdata.

2.Theplanningorganizationssettargets

Organizationsplanningtargetsdefinedscopeofbusiness,andbusinessscopewilllimitthesubsequentanalysisandinformationsystemsmaychangeplaces.Fivekeyplanningtargetsasfollows:

organizationalunitsinthevarioussectors.

organizationslocationoftheplaceofbusinessoperations.

functionsofthebusinesssupportorganizationshandlingmissionoftherelevantgroup.Unlikebusinessorganizationsfunctionmodules,infactafunctioncanbeassignedtovariousorganizationsmodules（forexample,productdevelopmentfunctionistheproductionandsaleofthecommonresponsibilityoftheMinistry）.

typesofentitiesmanagedbytheorganizationonthepeople,placesandthingsofthemajortypesofdata.

InformationSystemdatasetprocessingsoftwareapplicationsandsupportprocedures.

3.Tosetupabusinessmodel

Acomprehensivebusinessmodelincludingthefunctionsofeachenterprisefunctionaldecompositionmodel,theenterprisedatamodelandthevariousplanningmatrix.Functionaldecompositionisthefunctionoftheorganizationforamoredetaileddecompositionprocess,thefunctionaldecompositionistosimplifytheanalysisoftheissue,distractedandidentifycomponentsandtheuseoftheclassicalapproach.PineValleyfurniturecompanyinordertofunctioninthefunctionaldecompositionexampleinfigure2below.Indealingwithbusinessfunctionsandsupportfunctionsofthefullset,multipledatabases,isessentialtoaspecificdatabasethereforelikelyonlytosupportfunctions（asshowninFigure2）provideasubsetofsupport.Inordertoreducedataredundancyandtomakedatamoremeaningful,hasacomplete,high-levelbusinessviewisveryhelpful.

Theuseofspecificenterprisedatamodeltodescribethesymbol.Apartfromthegraphicaldescriptionofthistypeofentity,acompleteenterprisedatamodelshouldalsoincludeadescriptionofeachentitytypedescriptionofbusinessoperationsandasummaryofthatbusinessrules.Businessrulesdeterminethevalidityofthedata.

Anenterprisedatamodelincludesnotonlythetypesofentities,includingthelinkbetweenthedataentities,aswellasvariousotherobjectsplanninglinks.Showedthatthelinkagebetweenplanningtargetsacommonformofmatrix.Becauseofplanningmatrixneednotbeexplicitmodelingdatabasecanbeclearlydescribedbusinessneeds,planningmatrixisanimportantfunction.Regularplanningmatrixderivedfromtheoperationalrules,itwillhelpsocialdevelopmentactivitiesthattopprioritywillbesortinganddevelopmentactivitiesunderthetop-downviewthroughanenterprise-wideapproachforthedevelopmentoftheseactivities.Therearemanytypesofplanningmatrixisavailable,theircommonalitiesare:

locations-featuresshowbusinessfunctioninwhichtheimplementationofoperationallocations.

unit-functionswhichshowedthatbusinessfunctionorbusinessunitresponsibleforimplementation.

InformationSystem-dataentitiestoexplainhoweachinformationsysteminteractwitheachdataentity（forexample,whetherornoteachsystemineachentityhavethedatatocreate,retrieve,updateanddelete）.

supportfunctions-dataineachfunctionalentitiesinthedatasetfortheacquisition,use,updateanddelete.

InformationSystem-targetindicationforeachinformationsystemtosupportbusinessobjectives.

Figure3illustrateapossiblefunctions-dataentitiesmatrix.Suchamatrixcanbeusedforavarietyofpurposes,includingthefollowingthreeobjectives:

1）identifygapsinthedataentitiestoindicatethetypesofentitiesnotuseanyfunctionorfunctionswhichdonotuseanyentity.

2）foundthatthelossofeachfunctionalentitiesinvolvedintheinspectionstaffthroughthematrixtoidentifyanypossiblelossoftheentity.

3）Thedistinctionbetweendevelopmentactivitiesiftheprioritytothetopofasystemdevelopmentfunctionforahigh-priority（probablybecauseitimportantorganizationalobjectivesrelated）,thenthisareausedbyentitiesinthedevelopmentofthedatabasehasahighpriority.

Hoffer,GeorgeandValacich（2002）aretheworksofthematrixonhowtousetheplanningandcompletionoftheInformationEngineering

Theplanningsystemmorecompletedescription.

2databasedevelopmentprocess

Basedoninformationengineeringinformationsystemsplanningdatabaseisasourceofdevelopmentprojects.Thesenewdatabasedevelopmentprojectsisusuallyinordertomeetthestrategicneedsoforganizations,suchasimprovingcustomersupport,improveproductandinventorymanagement,oramoreaccuratesalesforecast.However,manymoredatabasedevelopmentprojectisthebottom-upapproachemerging,suchasinformationsystemuserneedsspecificinformationtocompletetheirwork,thusbeginningaprojec