第三四章重写部分修改稿.docx

第三四章重写部分修改稿.docx

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第三四章重写部分修改稿

ChapterIIIResearchMethodology

在分节之前先简单说一下这一章的主要内容，否则一开始就3.1Hypotheses显得太突兀。

其他章的开始也这样写一下，我就不再提醒了。

3.1Hypotheses

Nowadays,manyEnglishteachersinChinastillusetraditionalapproachesinlanguageteaching,makingmanycollegestudentslacktheabilitytouseEnglishappropriatelyinspiteofthefactthattheyhavelearneditformanyyears.Theyarestructurallycompetentbutcommunicativelyincompetent,andmanyofthemevencannotperformasimplecommunicativetask.Themainpurposeofthisstudyistocheckwhethercollegestudents’communicativecompetencecanbeimprovedbyorganizingcommunicativeactivitiesinlanguageteaching.

Twohypothesesarepresentedasfollows:

1.Thecommunicativeapproachismoreeffectiveindevelopingstudents’communicativecompetence,comparedtotraditionalapproaches.

2.Students’communicativecompetencecanbeenhancedgreatlybyorganizingcommunicativeactivitiesinEnglishteaching.

3.2Subjects

3.2.1SubjectsintheSurvey

Thesubjectsinthesurvey（seeAppendixI）were（因为你是在描述已经做过的事，所以应该用过去时，下面对实验的描述也是如此，请一一修改。

我不再一一提醒了。

）selectedfromQingdaoAgriculturalUniversitymajoringinsecretary（你是指文秘专业吗？

那么该词不对，请上网查一下，然后修改。

）,horticultureandfoodqualityandtesting.Atthetimeofthesurvey,allthesubjectswerefreshmenintheirsecondsemesterwiththeaverageagebeing19.40%ofthemaremale,whiletherest60%arefemale.被试的人数呢？

3.2.2SubjectsintheExperiment

ThesubjectsoftheexperimentwerealsofromQingdaoAgriculturalUniversity.Inordertoavoidthedifferencescausedbydifferentteachingstyles,twoclassesofstudentsmajoringinhorticulturewereselected（N=84）学术性的文章中，最好少用theauthor,而是多用被动语态。

andwereinstructedbythesameteacher.Thestudentsarefreshmeninthesecondsemester.Thenumberofthestudentsineitherclassis42.ThetwoclassesaredividedaccordingtotheirscoresforNationalCollegeEntranceExaminationsothattheirEnglishlevelisroughlyequal.这句话不太合适，你最好用学生上一个学期的英语期末考试成绩来说明两个班的英语水平无显著差异。

而且，为了说明无显著差异，你最好把SPSS的独立样本T检验的结果给出来，或附在后面的附录中。

Class1istheexperimentalclassforwhichtheteacherusescommunicativeapproachesandorganizesmanyeffectivecommunicativeactivitiesinclassroomEnglishteaching,whileclass2isthecontrolclassforwhichtheteacherusestraditionalapproachesinEnglishteaching.修改时态！

3.3Instruments

Twoinstrumentsareemployedinthepresentstudy,i.e.aquestionnaireandanoraltest.修改时态！

Thequestionnairewasadministeredto205non-Englishmajors.ItiswritteninChineseratherthaninEnglishinordertoreducethepossibilityofmisunderstandingsandobtainmoreaccuratedata.Thisquestionnaireisdesignedtocheckthestudents’attitudes（态度都是主观的。

）towardcommunicativecompetence,traditionalapproaches,communicativeapproachesandcommunicativeactivitiesinEnglishteaching.你要详细说一下这个问卷共多少个问题（questionnaireitems）、包括几部分，比如第一部分是被试的个人信息，包括姓名、专业、年龄等；第二部分是关于交际能力态度的，有几个问题；其他部分各有几个问题等。

还要在附录中给出问卷。

总之是要让人看了你这部分以后，对问卷的内容有比较好的了解。

既然这部分是介绍研究工具的，那就只介绍研究工具，那么你第二个研究工具其实是一次口语测试。

你应该把这次测试详细地介绍一下，比如口语测试包括哪些部分，对话还是个人陈述，回答老师的问题还是别的测试方式？

Attheendofthesecondsemester,anoralexaminationisorganizedandthescoresofthetwoclassesarecomparedtoseewhethertherearedifferencesafterbeingtreateddifferently.这句话不是介绍研究工具的。

SPSS（StatisticalProductandServiceSolutions解释错误！

！

干脆不用给出全写，反正大家都知道。

StatisticalPackageforSocialSciences）13.0isusedinthestudytocalculatetheaveragescore,standarddeviationandP-valuetoshowthedifferenceofthesubjects’performance.这是DataAnalysis部分的内容。

修改时态！

3.4Procedure

这一部分主要应该介绍你是如何在课堂上组织交际活动,进行交际教学法的授课的.你最好以一节课为例,把这节课的重要部分详详细细地说一下,这部分可以说是你这个研究最重要的部分,因为如果这部分操作不好,后面的结果就无从证明有效。

Thequestionnaireismadeupof15multiple-choicequestionsandanopen-endedquestion.Theauthorconsultsalotofmaterialsandquestionnairesinordertomakethisonecoverasmanyrelevantaspectsaspossible.既然是参照了许多人的，就应该把这些人以参考文献的方式给出来，而不是只说说而已。

Thequestionnaireisrepeatedlyeditedandrevisedtoensurethatitisunambiguous,user-friendly,andrelativelyeasytoanswerandevaluate.修改时态！

这一段其实应该放在Instruments部分中。

既然是你自己设计得，就应该先进行一个小型调查（pilotstudy）,检查一下同类问题的内部一致性（reliability）。

Beforedistributingthequestionnaires,theauthorexplainedthepurposeofconductingthissurveytothesubjectsandemphasizedthattheiropinionswerehelpfulforthisresearch.Then205copiesofquestionnairesweredistributedduringthebreak,最好是利用课堂时间做！

andfinally200copieswerereturned.这应该是DataCollection部分的内容。

Takingintoaccountthesubjects’languageability,strategiccompetenceandtheirpsychology,thedesignofthetestpaperfollowstwoprinciples:

①thedegreeofdifficultyshouldbesuitableforthesubjects’languageproficiency,thatistosay,thetestpapercannotbetoodifficultortooeasy;②thepapershouldtestwhatthesubjectslearnedinthesemester.Thetestpaperconsistsoftwosections:

shortparagraphreadingandtopics.Theteacherdesigned10shortparagraphsand20topics（seeAppendixII）forthesubjectstochoose.这部分也属于研究工具介绍部分。

2.Ratingcriterionandmethods（这部分单独成为一节。

）

Inordertoavoiddeviationsbetweentheexaminers’ratings,theauthortrainedalltheexaminersontheratingcriteria（seeAppendixIII）thedaybeforetheoraltest.

Therearetwoexaminersineachexaminationroom.Oneisresponsibleforratingbasedonthesubjects’accuracy（50%）,fluency（25%）andappropriateness（25%）,andtheotherisresponsibleforratingaccordingtothegeneralimpressionthesubjectsleaveonhimaswellastheirachievementofthecommunicativepurposes.Thetwoexaminersarenotallowedtoconsultwitheachother.Thehundred-marksystemwastakenbybothexaminersandthefinalscoretakestheaverageofthetwo.修改时态！

两位老师的打分这样说不太好。

你应该说，两位老师的打分都是按照accuracy（50%）,fluency（25%）andappropriateness（25%）的标准进行。

然后你利用SPSS计算一下两个人的打分是否成显著的正相关就可以了。

3.Theprocedureoftheexamination下面的内容属于DataCollection部分

Beforethetestbegins,allthesubjectsstayinthepreparationroom.Whenthetestbegins,thesubjectsareallowedtogointothetestroomonebyoneintheorderoftheirstudentnumber.Inthetestroom,thesubjectfirstdrawsforatopicandpreparesforitforthreeminutes;thenheisaskedtoimpromptureadashortparagraphspecifiedbytheexaminer;finallyheisaskedtogiveanoralpresentationonthetopic,duringwhichtheexaminersmayaskquestions.Whenthesubjectisfinished,eachexaminergivesascoreaccordingtohisperformance.还应该说一下考试的时间。

每位被试的考试时间大约是多少分钟。

朗读短文的目的是什么？

考官问的问题是与阅读的短文有关，还是与presentation有关？

这个都应该说明一下。

Inordertoachievefair,validandreliableresults,thereisateacherinthepreparationroomtoguaranteethatthesubjectswhohavefinishedtheiroraltestcannotcomeintothepreparationroomagainandtalkwiththosewhohavenotstartedthetest.修改上两段的时态！

ChapterIVResultsandDiscussion

简短介绍本章内容。

4.1ResultsanddiscussionoftheQuestionnaire

Theresultsofthequestionnairearepresentedinthefollowingtable.

Table4-1QuantitativeAnalysisoftheSubjects’ResponsestotheQuestionnaire

choice

question

A

（percentage）

B

（percentage）

C

（percentage）

D

（percentage）

1

20%

63%

16.5%

0.5%

2

76.5%

18%

5.5%

0%

3

10%

37%

20%

33%

4

68%

21%

10%

1%

5

49%

31%

5%

15%

6

1%

25%

59.5%

14.5%

7

33%

43%

22%

2%

8

36%

47%

12%

5%

9

9%

48%

34%

9%

10

44%

45%

9%

2%

11

15%

40%

34%

11%

12

27%

48%

8%

17%

13

19%

2%

4%

75%

14

35%

5.5%

10%

48.5%

15

26%

5%

51%

18%

表格下一般空一行。

最好把每个问题的内容用英语在必要的地方说一下。

Itcanbeseenfromtheabovetablethatasmanyas83%ofthestudentsinthesurveythinkitismeaningfulformostpeopletoimprovetheircommunicativecompetence,andabout76.5%ofthesubjectsfinditveryimportantforthemtoimprovetheircommunicativecompetence是不是这个意思？

.这句与前一句有因果关系吗？

至少从你写的我看不出来。

Therefore,ofallthe200students,89%areeagertoimprovetheircommunicativecompetence.Thisindicatesthatmoststudentsholdapositiveattitudetowardscommunicativecompetence.Mostofthemcometorealizethatitismeaningfulandimportantsothattheyhavethemotivationandstrongdesireforimprovingtheircommunicativecompetence.About57%students这种表达方法不对，请把同样的地方都改过来，我不再提醒了。

thinktherearenotmanyopportunitiesinclassforthemtopracticeoralEnglish,andeven33%ofthemsaytheyhavenochancesatall.Only25%studentsareactiveinclassandcancommunicatewiththeirteacherwhile59.5%studentsarenotactivebuttheycananswertheteacher’squestions,and14.5%studentscannotanswertheteacher’squestions.Therefore74%studentsusuallydonot学术文章中不能用缩写！

answerquestionsvoluntarilyinclassunlesstheteacherasksthemto,and83%ofthemalwayskeepsilentingroupdiscussions.Allofthisshowsthatitisacommonphenomenonthatstudentsarenotveryactiveinclass.Manystudentsseldomstandupandanswerquestionsorexpressopinionsvoluntarily.Theresearcherlaterinterviewedseveralstudentsaboutthisproblem.Somesaythecontentofwhattheteachersaidisnotinterestingsothatitcannotarousetheirinterest.SomefeeltheiroralEnglishispoorandtheydarenotopenthemouthtospeakEnglishforfearofmakingmistakes.Therefore,theteachershouldencouragestudentstospeakEnglishasmuchaspossible,andatthesametimetrytomakethecontentmoreinteresting.注意时态！

AccordingtoTable4.1,57%studentsaresatisfiedwiththecurrentcollegeEnglishteaching,but43%studentsarenotveryornotsatisfiedwithitatall.Asmanyas68%studentsbelievetheircommunicativecompetencecanbegreatlyimprovedbyorganizingvariouscommunicativeactivitiesinclass.AlmosthalfofthestudentspracticeoralEnglishundertheguidanceandhelpoftheteacher,31%studentspracticeindependentlyaftercla