中考英语形容词副词.docx
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中考英语形容词副词
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下
(1)符合规则的:
情况
加法
例词
一般情况
直接加-er;-est
all-taller-tallest
以e结尾的词
加–r;-st
nice-nicer-nicest
以“辅音+y”结尾的词
变y为i再加-er;-est
dry-drier-driest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
以一个辅音字母结尾的词
辅音字母双写,再加-er;-est
thin-thinner-thinnest
多音节和部分双音节单词
在词前加more;most
moredelicious
mostdelicious
(2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表:
原级
比较级
最高级
good,well
better
best
bad,ill
worse
worst
many,much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
二.形容词和副词比较级的用法
级别
比较程度
表达方式和意义
例句
备注
原
级
同
等
程
度
肯
定
形
式
As+原级+as
(像……一样)
Artisasinterestingasmusic.
Playaswellasyoucan.
否
定
形
式
not+so(as)+原级+as
(不如……那样)
Englishisnotsodifficultasscience.
ShedoesnotstudysowellasIdo.
比较级
不同程度
(用于两者比较)
比较级+than
(比……)
JimisolderthanLuky.
Ilikeporkbetterthanbeef.
比较级前面可以加
much,far,even,still,
alot,alittle,abit等
程度加深
比较级+and+比较级
(越来越……)
The+比较级,the+比较级
(越……,越……)
Heisgrowingtallerandtaller.
Hestudiesbetterandbetter.
Themorebooksshereads,thebettersheunderstand.
最高级
最高程度
(用于三者或三者以上)
The+最高级+of(in)
(最……)
Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.
LinTaojumped(the)farthestofall.
副词最高级前面的
the往往省略
注意:
有些形容词,如dead,empty,round,sure,woolen等受本身含义的限制,没有比较级。
例题解析
1.Heis________friendsthanI.
A.muchmoreB.manymoreC.verymoreD.toomore
解析:
后面有可数名词复数时,many的比较级形式为manymore修饰。
应选B.
2.Whichisthe_________country,JapanorAustralia?
A.moredevelopedB.moredevelopingC.mostdevelopedD.mostdeveloping
解析:
两者比较用比较级,表示"发达"用developed,而developing是"发展中的"意思
3.Therewere_______shopsinthecityin1982thanin1990.
A.littleB.fewC.fewerD.less
解析:
little不能修饰可数名词,两者比较需用比较级,所以应选C.
4.Ifyouarenotfreetoday,comeanotherday__________.
A.tooB.soC.insteadD.yet
解析:
instead作副词用时意为"代替,顶替",表示前面的事情没做,而是做了后面的事。
Instead一般位于句首。
应选C.
5.Hecan'ttellus________,Ithink.
A.importantanythingB.anythingimportant
C.importantsomethingD.somethingimportant.
解析:
不定代词与形容词联用需后置,否定句中应该用anything而不是something.因此应选B
6.TheHuangRiveristhesecond__________riverinourcountry.
A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest
解析:
"定冠词the+序数词+形容词最高级"表示"第几大……"应选C.
7.Thelightintheofficewasn't________forhimtoread.
A.enoughbrightB.brightenoughC.brightlyD.enoughbrightly
解析:
enough修饰名词时可前可后,修饰形容词或副词时,要后置。
应选B.
8.Therewasanaccidentatthecorner.________,thegirlwasn't_________hurt.
A.luckily,badlyB.luck,hardlyC.Lucky,heavilyD.Lucky,strongly
解析:
第一空修饰全句需用副词,第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词,因此选A.
9.Youmustkeepyoureyes_________whenyoudoeyeexercises.
A.closeB.openC.closedD.,opened
解析:
此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。
应选C.
10.Fivedayshaspassed,butIhaven'tfinishedhalfofthework.________,
A.alreadyB.stillC.tooD.yet
解析:
already与yet都可用于现在完成时态。
Already常用于肯定句,而yet常用与否定句。
应选D.
三.形容词副词比较级最高级的其他用法
(1)和冠词连用
the+形容词原级+v(复),指一类人或物
the+ 形容词比较级,指两者中“较…的”的那一个,eg.theyoungerofthetwo
a/an+形容词比较级eg.Thepenisexpensive.Iwantacheaperone.
(a)+most+形容词最高级 “非常…” eg.amostbeautifulcity
(2)相关结构
1)原级比较:
肯定句as….as….,否定句notso/as….as…..
2)比较句:
比较级+than….或more(less)….than…..
Thefurnitureinthisshopislessbeautifulthanthatinthatshop.(注意代词that的用法)
3)比较级+and+比较级或moreandmore+比较级“越来越…”
richerandricher,moreandmoreinteresting
4)Themore…..,themore…..“越…,越…”
Themoreyoulookatthepicture,thebetteryouwilllikeit.
5)比较级+thananyother+n.(单)(适用于范围一致时)
(all)other+n.(复)
any+n.(单)(适用于范围不一致时)
Heistallerthananyotherstudent/allotherstudentsinhisclass.
anystudentinmyclass.
6)倍数表达法。
Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,lengthetc.)ofB.
Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.
Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.
用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.
Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.
这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。
AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
7)more…than…结构,其意往往是…ratherthan…,可译为“是……而不是……”或颠倒词序译作“与其说是……,不如说是……”。
Thatlittlegirlismoretiredthanhungry.那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。
Sheismoreamotherthanawife或Sheismoreofamotherthanawife.
她是贤妻,更是良母。
8)AistoBwhatCistoDA和B的关系就像C和D的关系
Airistomanwhatwateristofish.空气对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。
9)nomorethan=only“只不过”,言其少
notmorethan=atmost“不多于”,“至少”,指事实。
nomore…than…和…一样不…如单音节使用比较级形式
notmore…than…不比…更…
nolessthan=asmuchas“多达”
nofewerthan=asmanyas
例:
Ihavenomorethanfiveyuaninmypocket.我口袋里的钱只不过5元。
Ihavenotmorethanfiveyuaninmypocket.我口袋里的钱不多于5元。
HeisnoricherthanI.他和我一样穷。
Heisnolessdeterminedthanyou.他的决心不亚于你。
(nolessdeterminedthan等于“其决心不亚于你”,言其大)
Heisnotlessdeterminedthanyou.他的决心不比你小。
(notlessdeterminedthan等于“其决心不小于”,无言其大或小的含义)
10)最高级+of/in/among….
Heisthetallestofthethree/amongthem/inisclass.
四.相关词语辨析
1.very和much
A)very修饰形容词、副词的原级;much修饰比较级;修饰动词用much或verymuch,
eg.IverylikeEnglish.(×),因改为:
IlikeEnglishverymuch.
B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。
averyfrightenedboy,averytiredchild.一般的情况下,以-ed结尾的分词多用much、verymuch/greatly等修饰。
如:
Weweregreatly/muchshockedbythenewsaboutTom..
C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。
如:
veryinteresting/worrying/exciting
D)too前用much/far,不用very。
Youaremuch/far/alottoonice.
另外,在toomany/much,toofew/little前用far。
We’vegotfartoomanyeggsandfartoofeweggcups.
E)还有修饰词既不用very,也不用much.
eg.bewellworthdoing,bewellabovethetree
2.so和such
A)so…that…与such…that…的区别。
so+形容词/副词+that…
so+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词+that…
so+many/much/little/few+名词+that…
such+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+that…
such+形容词+不可数名词+that…
such+形容词+复数名词+that…
注意:
但当little表示“小”时用such。
如:
Thesearesuchlittleboysthattheycan’tdressthemselves.
下列so的用法是错误的:
soadifficultproblem,sodifficultproblems,sohotweather。
B)some/any/every/no/each/all/another/several/few/many/one/two+such+n.eg.nosuchword
3.betoomuch+n.
bemuchtoo+adj.
betoomuchforsb.对…太过分了
4.can’tbetoo+adj.=can’tbe+adj.+enough“无论…都不为过”
Youcanneverbecarefulenough.=Youcanneverbetoocareful.你越小心越好。
练习与巩固
选择最佳答案填空:
1Don'tworry,sir.I'msureIcanrun_________tocatchupwiththem.
A.slowlyenoughB.enoughslowlyC.fastenoughD.enoughfast
2.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Thereare________newwordsinit.
A.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little
3.It'ssuchan________filmthatallthestudentsare______init.
A.interesting;interestedB.interested;interesting
C.interesting;interestingD.interested;interested;interested
4.Mingminggotupvery_______,sohecametoschoolhalfanhour______.
A.late;latelyB.lately;lateC.lately;latelyD.late;late
5.Iam________worriedaboutyparents'healthyconditions.
A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes
6.Wedon'thave________everyday.
A.alotofschoolworksB.manyschoolworkC.anyschoolworksD.muchschoolwork
7.-Look!
Howfastthetwohorsesarerunning!
--Oh,yes!
Theyarenearly_______.
A.upanddownB.slowerandslowerC.moreorlessD.neckandneck
8.______childrenthereareinfamily,_______theirlifewillbe.
A.Theless;thebetterB.Thefewer;thebetterC.Fewer;richerD.More;poorer
9.MostofthepeopleinGuangdongaregetting________.
A.moreandmorerichB.morerichandmorerich
C.richerandricherD.richerandrichest
10.Whichlessonis_______,thisoneorthatone?
A.difficultB.muchdifficultC.moredifficultD.themostdifficult
11."A______accidenthappenedat7:
30a.m."saidthepoliceman_______.
A.serious,seriousB.seriously,seriouslyC.seriously,seriousD.serious,seriously
12.________isitfromourschooltoLupuBridge?
A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howmuch
13.Inourcity,itis______inJuly,butitiseven_______inAugust.
A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotter
14.Thispencilis______thatone.
A.solongasB.aslongerasC.longerthanD.notaslongestas
15.Thestationistwokilometers_______thehospital.
A.awaytoB.farawayC.farfromD.awayfrom
16.Beijinghas______manybusesthatthereisoftenatrafficjaminrushhours.
A.soB.veryC.tooD.much
17.Thisboxis______heavy________Ican'tcarryit.
A.too,toB.so,thatC.very,thatD.too,that
18.Indiahasthesecond_______populationintheworld.
A.largerB.mostC.smallestD.largest
19.Maryreceived________manypostcardsatChristmas.
A.soB.suchC.tooD.even
20.Thecakesmells______.Pleasethrowitaway.
A.goodB.badlyC.badD.well
21.---Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?
---Itwasterrible.Itrainedso________thatpeoplecould_______goout.
A.hardly…hardB.hardly…hardlyC.hard…hardlyD.hard…hard
22.Themeetingwillbeheldinhalfanhour,buttheyhaven'tgoteverythingready_____.
A.everB.alreadyC.yetD.still
23.---WhatabouttheEnglishnovel?
---It'snotverydifficult.Thereareonly________newwordsinit.
A.fewB.afewC.manyD.alittle
24.Howbeautifulshesings!
I'veneverheard________.
A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoiceC.thebestvoiceD.abettervoice
25.MrSmithalwayshas________totellus.
A.somegoodpiecesofnewsB.somepiecesofgoodnews
C.somegoodpieceof