PSC检查英语.docx
《PSC检查英语.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《PSC检查英语.docx(57页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
PSC检查英语
PSC检查英语
第一章定义和常用缩略语
一、定义
1.Cleargrounds:
evidencethattheship,itsequipment,oritscrewdoesnotcorrespondsubstantiallywiththerequirementsoftherelevantconventionsorthatthemasterorcrewmembersarenotfamiliarwithessentialshipboardproceduresrelatingtothesafetyofshipsorthepreventionofpollution.
明显依据:
船舶及其设备或其船员实质上不符合有关公约的要求的证据,或船长或船员不熟悉有关船舶安全或防止污染的船上基本程序的证据。
2.Deficiency:
Aconditionfoundnottobeincompliancewiththerequirementsoftherelevantconvention.
缺陷:
发现的不符合有关公约要求的一种状况
3.Detention:
InterventionactiontakenbytheportStatewhentheconditionoftheshiporitscrewdoesnotcorrespondsubstantiallywiththeapplicableconventionstoensurethattheshipwillnotsailuntilitcanproceedtoseawithoutpresentingadangertotheshiporpersonsonboard,orwithoutpresentinganunreasonablethreatofharmtothemarineenvironment.
滞留:
当船舶或船员实质上不符合适用公约要求时,港口国为保证该船舶只有在不会对船舶或船上人员构成危险或不会对海上环境造成损害威胁时方可开航所采取的干涉行动。
4.Inspection:
Avisitonboardashitocheckboththevalidityoftherelevantcertificatesanddocuments,andtheoverallconditionoftheship,itsequipment,anditscrew.
检查:
登船检验有关证书、文件的有效性和船舶及其设备和船员的总体情况。
5.Moredetailedinspection:
Aninspectionconductedwhentherearecleargroundsforbelievingthattheconditionoftheship,itsequipment,oritscrewdoesnotcorrespondsubstantiallywiththeparticularsofthecertificates.
详细检查:
当有明显依据相信船舶条件、船舶设备或船员实质上不符合证书项目时所进行的检查。
6.PortStateControlOfficer(PSCO):
ApersondulyauthorizedbythecompetentauthorityofaPartytoarelevantconventiontocarryoutportStatecontrolinspections,andresponsibleexclusivelytothatParty.
港口国监督检查官(以下简称检查官):
经过有关公约缔约国的主管机关正式授权执行港口国监督检查,并对缔约国负责的人员。
7.Stoppageofanoperation:
Formalprohibitionagainstashiptocontinueanoperationduetoidentifieddeficiencies,whichsinglyortogether,renderthecontinuationofsuchoperationhazardous.
停止作业:
由于船舶具有一个或几个被识别缺陷会使船舶继续进行某些操作产生危险,而对继续进行此项作业的正式禁止。
8.Substandardship:
Ashipwhosehull,machinery,equipment,oroperationalsafetyissubstantiallybelowthestandardsrequiredbytherelevantconventionorwhosecrewosnotinconformancewiththesafemanningdocument.
低标准船:
船体、机器、设备或操作安全方面实质上低于有关公约要求的标准或者实际配员不符合安全配员文件的船舶。
9.Validcertificates:
AcertificatethathasbeenissueddirectlybyaPartytoarelevantconventionoronitsbehalfbyarecognizedorganizationandcontainsaccurateandeffectivedates;meetstheprovisionsoftherelevantconvention;and,withwhichtheparticularsoftheship,itscrewanditsequipmentcorrespond.
有效证书:
有关公约的一个缔约国直接签发的,或由缔约国认可的机构代表该缔约国签发的,包括准确和有效的日期,符合有关公约规定并载明船舶、船员和设备细目的证书。
二、常用缩略语
10.Abbreviations
英文缩写
DOCDocumentofcompliance
SMCSafetymanagementcertificate
SMSSafetymanagementsystem
ILLInternationalloadline
IOPPInternationaloilpollutionprevention
OPA90Oilpollutionactof1990(usa)
AISAutomaticidentificationsystem
IGSInertgassystem
MOUMemorandumofunderstanding
SOPStandardoperatingprocedure
SOPEPShipboardoilpollutionemergencyplan
VDRVoyagedatarecorder
GMDSSGlobalmaritimedistressandsafetysystem
三、缺陷代码及纠正条款说明
11、Actioncodes行动代码
10deficiencyrectified缺陷已纠正
15rectifydeficiencyatnextport缺陷在下一港纠正
16rectifydeficiencywithin14days缺陷在14天内纠正
17masterinstructedtorectifydeficiencybeforedeparture
通知船长在开航前纠正缺陷
18rectifynon-conformitywithin3months在3个月内纠正不符合项
19rectifymajornon-conformitybeforedeparture在开航前纠正严重不符合项
30detainabledeficiency可滞留的缺陷
35detentionraised解除滞留
36shipallowedtosailafterfollow-updetention在跟踪滞留的前提下准予开航
40nextportinformed通知下一港
45nextportinformedtore-detain通知下一港再次滞留
50flagstate/consulinformed通知船旗国/领事机构
55flagstateconsulted咨询船旗国
60regionstateinformed通知地区国
70classificationsocietyinformed通知船级社
80temporarysubstitutionofequipment临时替代设备
85investigationofcontraventionofdischargeprovisions(MARPOL)
调查违规排放(MARPOL)
95letterofwarningissued签发警告信
96letterwarningwithdrawn收回警告信
99other(specifyincleartext)其他(详细说明)
注:
这里引用的是东京备忘录的行动代码,其他备忘录的情况大同小异。
第二章港口国监督检查概述
12.General
概要
PortStateControl(PSC)istheinspectionofforeignshipsinnationalportsforthepurposeofverifyingthattheconditionoftheshipanditsequipmentcomplywiththerequirementsofinternationalconventionsandthattheshipismannedandoperatedincompliancewithapplicableinternationallaws.TheprimaryresponsibilityforensuringthatashipmaintainsastandardatleastequivalenttothatspecifiedininternationalconventionsrestswiththeflagStateandifallflagStatesperformedtheirdutiessatisfactorilytherewouldbenoneedforportStatecontrol.Unfortunatelythisisnotthecaseasevidencedbythemanymarineaccidentsaroundtheworld–hencetheneedforadditionalcontrol.
港口国监督是港口国当局对抵港的外国籍船舶实施的,以确保船舶及其设备符合国际公约要求、船舶的配员与操作符合适用的国际规范为目的的一种检查。
确保船舶保持国际公约中规定的标准是船旗国的首要责任,如果所有的船旗国都能令人满意地履行他们的职责,那么港口国监督就没有必要存在,不幸的是,实际情况却并非如此,世界范围内发生的诸多海难事故已证明了这一点,因此这种额外监控也就成为必然。
TheauthorityforexercisingPSCisthenationallawbasedonrelevantconventions.ItisthereforenecessaryforaportStatetobePartytothoseconventionsandtohavepromulgatedthenecessarylegislationbeforeexercisingPSC.Inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheapplicableconventions,PartiesmayconductinspectionsofforeignshipsintheirportsthroughPortStateControlOfficers(PSCOs).
港口国监督的实施是通过基于相关国际公约的国内法所授权的。
因此,港口国必须是这些公约缔约国,而且,在实施港口国监督之前要颁布起立法。
根据所适用公约的条款规定,港口国可由检查官对抵达其港口的外国籍船舶实施检查。
13.ProvisionsofportStatecontrol
港口国监督条款
IMOconventionsplacetheresponsibilityfortechnicallyandenvironmentallysafeshipsprimarilyontheflagState.However,itisrecognizedthataportStatecanmakeausefulcontributiontotheseaimsandmanyconventions,therefore,containprovisionsthatpermitportStatecontrol.Theseinclude:
IMO的公约把保证船舶的技术安全和环境安全的首要责任放在了船旗国的肩上。
然而,普遍认为,港口国能对实现该目标作出贡献,因此,很多的国际公约都包含有港口国监督条款。
它们是:
(1)SOLAS74,regulation1/9,regulationIX/6andregulationXI/4;
(2)LOADLINES66,article21;
(3)MARPOL73/78,ARTICLES5&6,regulation8AofAnnexI,regulation15ofAnnexII,regulation8ofAnnexIIIandregulation8ofAnnexV;
(4)STCW78,articleXandregulation1/4;
(5)TONNAGE69,article12.
14.ExistingregionalagreementsonportStatecontrol
现有港口国监督区域协定
WhilenationalportStatecontrolalonewillalreadyenhancethesafetyofshipsandtheprotectionofthemarineenvironment,onlyaregionalapproachwillensurethatsubstandardshipsandsubstandardoperatorshavefewerplaceslefttohide.Unlessaregionalapproachisadopted,operatorswilljustdiverttheirshipstoportsintheregionwherenoorlessstringentPSCinspectionsareconducted.Thismayseriouslyhampertheeconomicalsituationoftheportsofthosecountriesthatdoconductproperinspections.Toremedythisandtogenerallyimprovetheeffectivenessofinspections,manyregionsoftheworldhavealreadyorarebeginningtoenterintoregionalagreementsonPSC.
虽然国家性的港口国监督已加强船舶的安全和环境保护,而惟有通过区域性的协作才能保证那些低于标准船舶和低于标准船舶经营者越来越无处藏身。
如果不采用区域性协作的方式,那么经营者就会把他们的船舶转向没有实施PSC检查的地区或者PSC检查相对不严格的地区的港口。
这将严重妨害那些实施适当PSC检查国家的港口经济形势。
为弥补该缺陷并从总体上提高检查效率,世界上的许多地区都已经或者正开始达成区域性的港口国监督协定。
AtpresentthereareeightregionalPSCagreementsinoperation:
目前,有8个区域性的港口国监督协定正在运转:
(1)theParisMemorandumofUnderstandingonPortStateControl(ParisMOU)
(2)theAcuerdodevinadelMar(VinadelMarorLatin-AmericaAgreement):
(3)theMemorandumofUnderstandingonPortStateControlintheAsia-PacificRegion(TokyoMOU):
(4)theMemorandumofUnderstandingonPortStateControlintheCaribbeanRegion(CaribbeanMOU):
(5)theMemorandumofUnderstandingonPortStateControlintheMediterraneanRegion(MediterraneanMOU):
(6)theIndianOceanMemorandumofUnderstandingonPortStateControl(IndianOceanMOU):
(7)theMemorandumofUnderstandingfortheWestandCentralAfricanRegion(AbujaMOU):
(8)theMemorandumofUnderstandingonPortStateControlintheBlackSeaRegion(BlackSeaMOU).
Onefurtherregionalagreementiscurrentlyunderdevelopment,itisforthePersianGulfregion.
15.PSC–thefuture
Theestablishmentofworldwideregionalportstatecontrolisonlyabeginning
全球范围的区域性港口国监督的建立才刚刚开始。
Theprospectofglobalportstatecontrol,withexchangeofinformationandharmonizationofproceduresandtraining,hasevenmoreexcitingimplications,AsmoreandmorestatisticsanddataaregatheredandexchangedbythedifferentPSCSecretariats,thiswillresultinahugeincreaseinknowledgeaboutsubstandardshipping,Thisknowledgeisnotonlyusefulinitself,itwillalsoprovidethemaritimecommunitywiththeopportunitytobetteranalyzethecausesofincidentsandcasualtiesandascertain.,moreaccuratelythaneverbefore,howtheycanbepreventedfromoccurringagain.
随着信息的交换以及程序和培训的协调统一,全球性的港口国监督已初见端倪。
随着各个港口国监督组织的秘书处越来越多地收集并交换统计数据和资料,这种认识不仅在本质上是有益的,而且它还可以为海运界提供一个更好地分析海上事故原因的方法,这样就可比以前更准确地防止此类事故的再度发生。
第三章港口国监督检查程序
ProceduresforPortStateControlaredescribedindetailinIMOresolutionA.882(21)andregionalagreements,whicharesummarizedinthefollowing:
港口国监督检查程序在IMO的A.882(21)决议以及各区域协定里都有详细的阐述,现将其概述如下:
16.Selectionofshipstobeinspected
选择受检查船舶
ThePortStateControlOfficer(PSCO),beforevisitingtheport,selectashiporshipstobeinspected,takingintoaccountthecriteriafortheselectionofshipstipulatedintheMOU.Shipssuchastankersandbulkcarriers,andshipswithpreviousrecordsofdetention,etc.Indoingso,PSCOsearchpreviousPSCdatafromregionalornationaldatabankonshipsthePSCOintendstovisit.
船舶到达港口之前,检查官会根据备忘录里规定的选船标准选择受检查船舶。
优先检查的船舶包括第一次挂靠该港口的船舶、油船和散货船等敏感型船舶、有滞留记录的船舶,等等。
在选船的时候,检查官会从该国家或该区域的数据库中就以前的港口国监督数据对待检船舶进行调查。
17.Initialinspection
初检
PSCOfirstchecksthecertificatesandotherdo