POOH百宝箱历史类之一.docx

POOH百宝箱历史类之一.docx

《POOH百宝箱历史类之一.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《POOH百宝箱历史类之一.docx（3页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

POOH百宝箱历史类之一

POOH百宝箱历史类之一

Whystudyhistory

Theimportanceofhistoryinexplainingandunderstandingchangeinhumanbehaviorisnomereabstraction.Takeanimportanthumanphenomenonsuchasalcoholism.Throughbiologicalexperimentsscientistshaveidentifiedspecificgenesthatseemtocauseaproclivitytowardalcoholaddictioninsomeindividuals.Thisisanotableadvance.Butalcoholism,asasocialreality,hasahistory:

ratesofalcoholismhaverisenandfallen,andtheyhavevariedfromonegrouptothenext.Attitudesandpoliciesaboutalcoholismhavealsochangedandvaried.Historyisindispensabletounderstandingwhysuchchangesoccur.Andinmanywayshistoricalanalysisisamorechallengingkindofexplorationthangeneticexperimentation.Historianshaveinfactgreatlycontributedinrecentdecadestoourunderstandingoftrends（orpatternsofchange）inalcoholismandtoourgraspofthedimensionsofaddictionasanevolvingsocialproblem.

OneoftheleadingconcernsofcontemporaryAmericanpoliticsislowvoterturnout,evenformajorelections.Ahistoricalanalysisofchangesinvoterturnoutcanhelpusbegintounderstandtheproblemwefacetoday.Whatwereturnoutsinthepast?

Whendidthedeclinesetin?

Oncewedeterminewhenthetrendbegan,wecantrytoidentifywhichofthefactorspresentatthetimecombinedtosetthetrendinmotion.Dothesamefactorssustainthetrendstill,oraretherenewingredientsthathavecontributedtoitinmorerecentdecades?

Apurelycontemporaryanalysismayshedsomelightontheproblem,butahistoricalassessmentisclearlyfundamental—andessentialforanyoneconcernedaboutAmericanpoliticalhealthtoday.

History,then,providestheonlyextensivematerialsavailabletostudythehumancondition.Italsofocusesattentiononthecomplexprocessesofsocialchange,includingthefactorsthatarecausingchangearoundustoday.Here,atbase,arethetworelatedreasonsmanypeoplebecomeenthralledwiththeexaminationofthepastandwhyoursocietyrequiresandencouragesthestudyofhistoryasamajorsubjectintheschools.

TheImportanceofHistoryinOurOwnLives

Thesetwofundamentalreasonsforstudyinghistoryunderliemorespecificandquitediverseusesofhistoryinourownlives.Historywelltoldisbeautiful.Manyofthehistorianswhomostappealtothegeneralreadingpublicknowtheimportanceofdramaticandskillfulwriting—aswellasofaccuracy.Biographyandmilitaryhistoryappealinpartbecauseofthetalestheycontain.Historyasartandentertainmentservesarealpurpose,onaestheticgroundsbutalsoonthelevelofhumanunderstanding.Storieswelldonearestoriesthatrevealhowpeopleandsocietieshaveactuallyfunctioned,andtheypromptthoughtsaboutthehumanexperienceinothertimesandplaces.Thesameaestheticandhumanisticgoalsinspirepeopletoimmersethemselvesineffortstoreconstructquiteremotepasts,farremovedfromimmediate,present-dayutility.Exploringwhathistorianssometimescallthe"pastnessofthepast"—thewayspeopleindistantagesconstructedtheirlives—involvesasenseofbeautyandexcitement,andultimatelyanotherperspectiveonhumanlifeandsociety.

HistoryContributestoMoralUnderstanding

Historyalsoprovidesaterrainformoralcontemplation.Studyingthestoriesofindividualsandsituationsinthepastallowsastudentofhistorytotesthisorherownmoralsense,tohoneitagainstsomeoftherealcomplexitiesindividualshavefacedindifficultsettings.Peoplewhohaveweatheredadversitynotjustinsomeworkoffiction,butinreal,historicalcircumstancescanprovideinspiration."Historyteachingbyexample"isonephrasethatdescribesthisuseofastudyofthepast—astudynotonlyofcertifiableheroes,thegreatmenandwomenofhistorywhosuccessfullyworkedthroughmoraldilemmas,butalsoofmoreordinarypeoplewhoprovidelessonsincourage,diligence,orconstructiveprotest.

HistoryProvidesIdentity

Historyalsohelpsprovideidentity,andthisisunquestionablyoneofthereasonsallmodernnationsencourageitsteachinginsomeform.Historicaldataincludeevidenceabouthowfamilies,groups,institutionsandwholecountrieswereformedandabouthowtheyhaveevolvedwhileretainingcohesion.FormanyAmericans,studyingthehistoryofone'sownfamilyisthemostobvioususeofhistory,foritprovidesfactsaboutgenealogyand（ataslightlymorecomplexlevel）abasisforunderstandinghowthefamilyhasinteractedwithlargerhistoricalchange.Familyidentityisestablishedandconfirmed.Manyinstitutions,businesses,communities,andsocialunits,suchasethnicgroupsintheUnitedStates,usehistoryforsimilaridentitypurposes.Merelydefiningthegroupinthepresentpalesagainstthepossibilityofforminganidentitybasedonarichpast.Andofcoursenationsuseidentityhistoryaswell—andsometimesabuseit.Historiesthattellthenationalstory,emphasizingdistinctivefeaturesofthenationalexperience,aremeanttodrivehomeanunderstandingofnationalvaluesandacommitmenttonationalloyalty.

StudyingHistoryIsEssentialforGoodCitizenship

Astudyofhistoryisessentialforgoodcitizenship.Thisisthemostcommonjustificationfortheplaceofhistoryinschoolcurricula.Sometimesadvocatesofcitizenshiphistoryhopemerelytopromotenationalidentityandloyaltythroughahistoryspicedbyvividstoriesandlessonsinindividualsuccessandmorality.Buttheimportanceofhistoryforcitizenshipgoesbeyondthisnarrowgoalandcanevenchallengeitatsomepoints.

Historythatlaysthefoundationforgenuinecitizenshipreturns,inonesense,totheessentialusesofthestudyofthepast.Historyprovidesdataabouttheemergenceofnationalinstitutions,problems,andvalues—it'stheonlysignificantstorehouseofsuchdataavailable.Itoffersevidencealsoabouthownationshaveinteractedwithothersocieties,providinginternationalandcomparativeperspectivesessentialforresponsiblecitizenship.Further,studyinghistoryhelpsusunderstandhowrecent,current,andprospectivechangesthataffectthelivesofcitizensareemergingormayemergeandwhatcausesareinvolved.Moreimportant,studyinghistoryencourageshabitsofmindthatarevitalforresponsiblepublicbehavior,whetherasanationalorcommunityleader,aninformedvoter,apetitioner,orasimpleobserver.

与本文相关的issue题目如下：

Thestudyofhistoryhasvalueonlytotheextentthatitisrelevant

toourdailylives.【103】

只有研究和我们日常生活相关的历史才有价值。

Somuchisnewandcomplextodaythatlookingbackforanunderstandingofthepastprovideslittleguidanceforlivinginthepresent.【120】

现代社会是如此的崭新和复杂以至于回首了解过去对于当代生活已经没有太大帮助了。

Historyteachesusonlyonething:

knowingaboutthepastcannothelp

peopletomakeimportantdecisionstoday.【54】

历史只教会了我们一件事：

了解过去无助于人们今天作出重要的决定。