英美文学选读完整版笔记.docx

英美文学选读完整版笔记.docx

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英美文学选读完整版笔记

ChapterITheRenaissancePeriod

　文艺复兴时期

Definitions（定义）

　　1.TheRenaissance：

TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally，itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14th&17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly，withthefloweringofpainting，sculpture&literature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.TheRenaissance，whichmeans"rebirth"or"revival，"isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents，suchasthere-discoveryofancientRoman&Greekculture，thenewdiscoveriesingeography&astrology，thereligiousreformation&theeconomicexpansion.TheRenaissance，therefore，inessenceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkers&scholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope，tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie，&torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.

　　2.Humanism：

人文主义

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheancientauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious，intellectualside，fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning，humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment，butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections，andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion，explore，andenjoy.Thus，byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife，theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife，buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.ThomasMore，Christo-

pherMarloweandWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists.

　　3.Spenserianstanza：

斯宾塞诗节

　　SpenserianstanzawasinventedbyEdmundSpenser.Itisastanzaofninelines，withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameter&thelastlineiniambichexameter，rhymingababbcbcc.

　　4.Metaphysicalpoetry：

玄学诗

　　Theterm"metaphysicalpoetry"iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.Witharebelliousspirit，themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicperiods，andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.Theimageryindrawnfromtheactuallife.Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet'sbeloved，withGod，orwithhimself.

5.TheRenaissancehero：

ARenaissanceheroreferstoonecreatedbyChristopherMarloweinhisdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition，facingbravelythechallengefrombothgodsandmen.HeembodiesMarlowe'shumanisticidesofhumandignityandcapacity.Differentfromthetragicheroinmedievalplays，whoseeksthewaytoheaventhroughsalvationandgod'swill，heisagainstconventionalmoralityandcontrivestoobtainheavenonearththroughhisownefforts.Withtheendlessaspirationforpower，knowledge，andglory，theherointerpretsthetrueRenaissancespirit.BothTamburlaineandFaustusaretypicalinpossessingsuchasprit

（二）该时期的重要作家

EdmundSpenser--Englishpoet，borninLondon，England，（1552--Jan13，1599）

斯宾塞代表作 TheFaerieQueene. 

A.创作意图:

Theprincipalintentionistopresentthrougha"historicalpoem"theexampleofaperfectgentleman 

B.整体线索:

TherecurringappearancesofArthurserveasaunifyingelementforthepoemasawhole. 

C.寓意:

TheRedcrosseKnightinBookIstandsforSt.George,healsorepresentsHoliness. 

D.主题:

Thethemeisnot"Armsandtheman,"butsomethingmoreromantic-"

Fiercewaresandfaithfullloves." 

E.作者文学地位:

Hisexquisitemelodythatmakehimknownas"thepoets'poet."

　　HisMajorWorksSpenser'smostimportantwork&masterpieceisTheFaerieQueene，agreatpoemofitsage.Acomplexmoral，religious，&politicalallegory，itisalsoanepicthatexaltsQueenElizabethⅠ&theEnglishnation.AccordingtoSpenser'sownexplanation，hisprincipalintentionistopresentthrougha"historicalpoem"theexampleofaperfectgentleman：

"tofashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuous&gentlediscipline."ItsprincipalheroistheArthurofmedievallegend.Thesixbooksofthepoemillustratethenatureofparticularvirtues，suchas，temperance&justice.OthermajorworksofSpenserareTheShepheardesCalender（1579），apoemconsistingof12eclogues-correspondingtothe12monthsoftheyear；Epithalamion（1595），apoemexpressingthedeeppersonalfeelingsoccasionedbythepoetssecondmarriage；Amoretti（1595），aseriesofsonnets.

　　3.领会

　　HisInfluence

　　1）MainqualitiesofSpenser'spoetry

　　①aperfectmelody

　　②araresenseofbeauty

　　③asplendidimagination

　　④aloftymoralpurity&seriousness

　　⑤adedicatedidealism

　　2）Inhiswriting，Spenserdrewontheconventions&thoughtofClassical，medieval，&Renaissanceliterature.However，headdedtohisfusionofthesediverseelementsmuchthatwasoriginal，&hisworksinspiredmanylaterEnglishpoets.Hecreatedanewstanza，calledtheSpenserianstanza，whichiswellsuitedtonarrativeverse.HisskillsinwritingmelodiousEnglishverse&hiscombinationofemotion，erudition，&spiritualvisionhavewonhimtheadmirationofgenerationsofEnglishpoets.Itishisidealism，hisloveofbeauty，&hisexquisitemelodythatmakehimknownas"thepoets'poet."

　　4.应用

　　TheFaerieQueene：

　　1）Itisalong，allegoricalpoem.Inthepoem，Spenserdramatizedpolitical，religious，&moralthemesbypersonifyingthem，ormakingthemcharacters.

　　2）Plot：

Thestory，whichissetagainstabackgroundofArthur&medievallegend，dealswiththeadventuresofsixknightsofthecourtofthefairyqueennamedGloriana，whorepresentsQueenElizabethⅠofEnglish.ThefaerieQueenwasleftunfinishedatSpenser'sdeath.Itwasoriginallyplannedasa12-bookpoem.Butonly6bookswerecompleted.Thepoemisparticularlyadmiredforthemelodicbeautyofitslanguage&foritsrichcontentofphilosophical&mythologicalmaterialpresentedintheformofvividnarratives.

II.ChristopherMarlowe

　　1.一般识记

　　BriefIntroduction

　　Englishdramatist&poet，borninCanterbury，England，Feb，6，1567，diedinDeptford，England，May30，1593.MarlowewasthefirstgreatEnglishDramatist.HebroughttotheEnglishstageanewconceptoftragedy，oneinwhichthedramacentersaroundthestrugglesofamanoverwhelmedbyhispassions&ambitions.

　　2.识记

　　HisMajorWorks

　　HismostfamoustragediesareDoctorFaustus，TheJewofMalta，Tamburlaine&EdwardⅡ。

Inhisplays，Marloweusedblankverse，whichhemoldedintoasuperbinstrumentforexpressingintenseemotions.AfterhisdevelopmentofblankverseitbecamethestandardmediumforEnglishdramatic&epicpoetry.Hisnon-dramaticpoetryincludesHero&Leander，"thePassionateshepherdtoHislove，"&aversetranslationofOvid'sAmores.

　　Marlowe'sDoctorFaustus（about1589），generallyconsideredhisbestplay，wasbasedonarealDr.Faustus，whowaslaterassociatedwithamedievallegendofamansellinghissoultothedevil.Theplay'sdominantmoralishumanratherthanreligious.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge，power&happiness；italsorevealsman'sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder.Thelastscene，inwhichFaustusconfrontshisdoom，brilliantlyrendersthefear&agonyofacondemnedman.

　　TheJewofMalta（about1589）illustratesMarlowe'soutstandingportrayalofcharacter.Itshero，BarabastheJew，servedasthemodelforShylockinShakespeare'sTheMerchantofVenice.Inabout1592.MarlowewroteoneofthefirstsuccessfulEnglishhistoricaldramas，EdwardⅡ。

Itishismostdramaticallymatureplay&exhibitshismasteryofcharacterization，stagecraft&rhetoric.

　　Tamburlaineisaplayaboutanambitious&pitilessTartarconquerorinthefourteenthcenturywhorosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringKing.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambition&sheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother，MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepower&authority.

　　3.领会

　　HisAchievements&Influence

　　Achievements：

Marlowe'sgreatestachievementliesinthathe　perfectedtheblankverse&madeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama.

　　HissecondachievementishiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.ThethemeofhisworksisthepraiseoftheRenaissancespirit.

　　Hisinfluence：

 Amanofwidelearning，Marlowewasoneoftheextraordinarypoets&playwrightsofhistime."Marlowe'smightyline，"asBenJonsoncalledhisblankverse，wasoneofthemostimportantcontributionstotheartofEnglishliterature.

　　4.应用

　　Dr.Faustus

　　TheselectionofActⅠfromDr.FaustusismainlyaboutFaustusisshowinghisgreatambition，thatis，ifhehadmanysouls，hewouldgivethemalltotheDevilsothathecouldcontroltheworld.InportrayingFaustus，amoreintrospective&philosophicalfigurethanTamburlaine，MarlowepraiseshissoaringaspirationforknowledgewhilewarningagainstthesinofpridesinceFaustus'sdownfallwascausedbyhisdespairinGod&trustinDevil.

Ⅲ。

WilliamShakespeare

　　1.一般识记

　　BriefIntroduction

　　WilliamShakespearewasthegreatestwriterofplayswhoeverlived.Hisfriend&fellowplaywr