单片机控制步进电机外文文献翻译.docx
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单片机控制步进电机外文文献翻译
单片机控制步进电机
外文原文
Steppingmotorapplicationandcontrol
steppermotorisanelectricalpulsewillbeconvertedintoangulardisplacementoftheimplementingagencies.Putitinsimplelanguage-speaking:
Whenthestepperdrivepulsesignaltoareceiver,itdrivessteppermotorrotationdirectionbysettingafixedpointofview(andthestepangle).Youcancontrolthenumberofpulsestocontroltheamountofangulardisplacement,soastoachievethepurposeofaccuratepositioning;Atthesametime,youcanbycontrollingthepulsefrequencytocontrolthemotorrotationspeedandacceleration,soastoachievethepurposeofspeed.
SteppermotordirectlyfromtheAC-DCpowersupply,andmustusespecialequipment-steppermotordrive.Steppermotordrivesystemperformance,inadditiontotheirownperformancewiththemotorontheoutside,butalsotoalargeextentdependonthedriveisgoodorbad.Atypicalsteppermotordrivesystemisoperatedbythesteppermotorcontroller,steppermotordrivesandsteppermotorbodyiscomposedofthreeparts.Steppermotorcontrollerstepperpulseanddirectionsignal,eachmadeofapulse,steppermotor-drivensteppermotordrivesarotorrotatingstepangle,thatis,step-by-stepfurther.Highorlowspeedsteppermotor,orspeed,ordeceleration,startorstoppulsesareentirelydependentonwhetherthelevelorfrequency.Decidethedirectionofthesignalcontrollersteppermotorclockwiseorcounterclockwiserotation.Typically,thesteppermotordrivecircuitfromthelogiccontrol,powerdrivercircuit,protectioncircuitandpowercomponents.Steppermotordrivecontroller,oncereceivedfromthedirectionofthesignalandsteppulse,thecontrolcircuitonapre-determinedwayoftheelectricalpower-phasesteppermotorexcitationwindingsoftheconductionorcut-offsignal.Controlcircuitoutputsignalpowerislow,cannotprovidethenecessarysteppingmotoroutputpower,theneedforpoweramplifier,whichissteppermotordrivenpowerdrivepart.Powersteppermotordrivecircuittocontroltheinputcurrentwindingtoformaspaceforrotatingmagneticfieldexcitation,therotor-drivenmovement.Protectioncircuitintheeventofshortcircuit,overload,overheating,suchasfailuretostoptherapiddriveandmotor.
Motorisusuallyforthepermanentmagnetrotor,whenthecurrentflowsthroughthestatorwindings,thestatorwindingsproduceamagneticfieldvector.Themagneticfieldwillleadtoarotorangleofrotation,makingapairofrotorandstatormagneticfielddirectionofthemagneticfielddirection.Whenthestatorrotatingmagneticfieldvectorfromadifferentangle.Alsoastherotormagneticfieldtoapointofview.Anelectricalpulseforeachinput,themotorrotationanglestep.Itsoutputandinputoftheangulardisplacementisproportionaltothepulses,withpulsefrequencyproportionaltospeed.Powertochangetheorderofwinding,theelectricalwillbereversed.Wecan,therefore,controlthepulsenumber,frequencyandelectricalpowerwindingsofeachphasetocontroltheorderofrotationofsteppermotor.
Steppermotortypes:
Permanentmagnet(PM).Magneticgenerallytwo-phasestepper,torqueandaresmallerandgenerallysteppingangleof7.5degreesor15degrees;putmorewindforair-conditioning.
Reactive(VR),thedomesticgeneralcalledBF,haveacommonthree-phasereaction,stepangleof1.5degrees;alsohavefive-phasereaction.Noise,notorquehasbeensetatalargenumberofout.
Hybrid(HB),commontwo-phasehybrid,five-phasehybrid,three-phasehybrid,four-phasehybrid,two-phasecanbecommonwiththefour-phasedrive,five-phasethree-phasemustbeusedwiththeirdrives;
Two-phase,four-phasehybridstepangleis1.8degreesmorethanasmallsize,greatdistance,andlownoise;
Five-phasehybridsteppingmotorisgenerally0.72,themotorstepanglesmall,highresolution,butthecomplexityofdrivecircuits,wiringproblems,suchasthe5-phasesystemof10lines.
Three-phasehybridsteppingmotorstepangleof1.2degrees,butaccordingtotheuseof1.8degrees,thethree-phasehybridsteppingmotorhasatwo-phasemixedthanthefive-phasehybridmorepolewillhelpelectricfoldersymmetricangle,itcanbemorethantwo-phase,five-phasehighaccuracy,theerrorevensmaller,runmoresmoothly.
Steppermotortomaintaintorque:
steppermotorpowermeansnorotation,thestatorlockedrotortorque.Itisasteppermotor,oneofthemostimportantparameters,usuallyinthelow-speedsteppermotortorqueatthetimeofclosetomaintainthetorque.Asthesteppermotoroutputtorqueincreaseswiththespeedofconstantattenuation,theoutputpoweralsoincreaseswiththespeedofchange,soastomaintaintorqueonthesteppermotortomeasuretheparametersofoneofthemostimportant.Forexample,whenpeoplesaythatthesteppermotor2N.m,intheabsenceofspecialcircumstancesthatmeansformaintainingthetorqueofthesteppermotor2N.m.
Precisionsteppermotors:
steppermotorstepangleaccuracyof3-5%,notcumulative.
Steppermotortoallowtheminimumamountofsurfacetemperature:
Steppermotorcausesthemotortemperatureistoohighthefirstmagneticdemagnetization,resultinginlossoftorquedownevenfurther,sothemotorsurfacetemperatureshouldbethemaximumalloweddependingonthemotordemagnetizationofmagneticmaterialpoints;Generallyspeaking,themagneticdemagnetizationpointsareabove130degreesCelsius,andsomeevenashighas200degreesCelsius,sothesteppermotorsurfacetemperatureof80-90degreesCelsiusisnormal.
Startfrequencyofno-load:
thesteppermotorincaseofno-loadtothenormalstartofthepulsefrequency,ifthepulsefrequencyishigherthanthevalueofmotordoesnotstart,possibletolosestepsorblocking.Inthecaseoftheload,startfrequencyshouldbelower.Ifyouwanttoachievehigh-speedrotationmotor,pulsefrequencyshouldbetoacceleratetheprocess,thatis,thelowerfrequencytostart,andthenrosetoacertainaccelerationofthedesiredfrequency(motorspeedfromlowrisetohigh-speed).
Stepangle:
thatistosendapulse,theelectricalanglecorrespondingtorotation.
Torquepositioning:
positioningtorquesteppermotordoesnotrefertothecaseofelectricity,lockedrotortorquestator.
Operatingfrequency:
step-by-stepsteppermotorcanrunwithoutlosingthehighestfrequency.
SubdivisionDrive:
steppermotordrivesthemainaimistoweakenoreliminatelow-frequencyvibrationofthesteppermotortoimprovetheaccuracyofthemotorrunning.Reducenoise.Ifthestepangleis1.8°(fullstep)thetwo-phasehybridsteppingmotor,ifthebreakdownofthebreakdownofthenumberofdrivesforthe8,thentheoperationoftheelectricalpulseforeachresolutionof0.072°,theprecisionofmotorcanreachorcloseto0.225°,alsodependsonthebreakdownofthebreakdownofthedrivecurrentcontrolaccuracyandotherfactors,thebreakdownofthenumberofthemoredifficultthegreatertheprecisionofcontrol.
HowtodeterminethesteppermotordriverDCpowersupply:
A.Determinationofthevoltage:
Hybridsteppingmotordriverpowersupplyvoltageisgenerallyawiderange(suchastheIM483supplyvoltageof12~48VDC),thesupplyvoltageisusuallybasedontheworkofthemotorspeedandresponsetotherequesttochoose.Ifthemotoroperatingspeedhigherorfasterresponsetotherequest,thenthevoltagevalueishigh,butnotethattheripplevoltagecannotexceedthemaximuminputvoltageofthedrive,oritmaydamagethedrive.
B.DeterminationofCurrent
PowersupplycurrentisgenerallybasedontheoutputphasecurrentdriveItodetermine.Ifalinearpowersupply,powersupplycurrentisgenerallypreferable1.1to1.3timestheI;ifweadopttheswitchingpowersupply,powersupplycurrentisgenerallypreferabletoI,1.5to2.0times.
Themaincharacteristicsofsteppingmotor:
1.Asteppermotordrivecanbeaddedoperatepulsedrivesignalmustbenopulsewhenthesteppermotoratrest,suchasIfaddingtheappropriatepulsesignal,itwilltoacertainangle(calledthestepangle)rotation.Rotationspeedandpulsefrequencyisproportionalto.
2.permanentmagnetstepanglesteppermotorversionis7.5degrees,360degreesaround,takes48pulsestocomplete.
3.steppermotorhasinstantstartandrapidcessationofsuperiorcharacteristics.
Changetheorderofthepulse
4.youcaneasilychangethedirectionofrotation.
Therefore,thecurrentprinters,plotters,robotics,andsodevicesarethecoreofthesteppermotorasthedrivingforce.
Steppermotorshavethefollowingbenefits:
(1)Lowcost
(2)Ruggedness(3)Simplicityinconstruction(4)Highreliability(5)Nomaintenance(6)Wideacceptance(7)Notweakingtostabilize(8)Nofeedbackcomponentsareneeded
TheyworkinjustaboutanyenvironmentInherentlymorefailsafethanservomotors.Thereisvirtuallynoconceivablefailurewithinthestepperdrivemodulethatcouldcausethemotortorunaway.Steppermotorsaresimpletodriveandcontrolinanopen-loopconfiguration.Theyonlyrequirefourleads.Theyprovideexcellenttorqueatlowspeeds,upto5timesthecontinuoustorqueofabrushmotorofthesameframesizeordoublethetorqueoftheequivalentbrushlessmotor.Thisofteneliminatestheneedforagearbox.Astepper-driven-systemisinherentlystiff,withknownlimitstothedynamicpositionerror.
StepperMotorDisadvantages:
Steppermotorshavethefollowingdisadvantages:
1.Resonanceeffectsandrelativelylongsettlingtimes.
2.Roughperformanceatlowspeedunlessamicrostepdriveisused.
3.Liabilitytoundetectedpositionlossasaresultofoperatingopen-loop.
4.Theycons