考研英语模拟试题及答案.docx

考研英语模拟试题及答案.docx

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考研英语模拟试题及答案

2010年考研英语模拟试题及答案

（二）

发表时间：

2009-08-27  编辑：

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2010年考研英语模拟试题及答案

（二）

　　SectionⅠUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　ThereisgrowinginterestinEastJapanRailwayCo.,oneofthesixcompanies,createdoutofthe1nationalrailwaysystem.Inanindustrylackingexcitinggrowth2,itsplantousereal-estateassetsinandaroundtrainstations3isdrawinginterest.

　　Inaplancalled“StationRenaissance”（英文符号）thatit4inNovember,JREastsaidthatitwould5usingitscommercialspacesforshopsandrestaurants,extendingthemto6moresuitablefortheinformationage.Itwantstrainstationsaspick-up7forsuchgoodsasbooks,flowersandgroceriespurchased8theInternet.Inacountry9urbanitesdependheavilyontrains10commuting,about16millionpeopleadaygotoitstrainstationsanyway,thecompany11.So,pickinguppurchasesattrainstationsspare12extratravelandmissedhomedeliveries.

　　JREastalreadyhasbeenusingitsstation13storesforthispurpose,butitplanstocreate14spacesforthedeliveryofInternetgoods.

　　Thecompanyalsoplanstointroduce15cards—（破折号）knowninJapanasICcardsbecausetheyuseintegrated16forholdinginformation17trainticketsandcommuterpasses18themagneticonesusedtoday,integratingthemintoasinglepass.Thiswillsavethecompanymoney,because19forICcardsaremuchlessexpensivethanmagneticsystems.IncreaseduseofICcardsshouldalso20thespaceneededforticketvending.

　　1.[A]privatized[B]individualized[C]personalized[D]characterized

　　2.[A]prospects[B]outlooks[C]expectations[D]spectacles

　　3.[A]articulately[B]originally[C]reluctantly[D]creatively

　　4.[A]unveiled[B]concealed[C]demonstrated[D]displayed

　　5.[A]comeround[B]gobeyond[C]takeover[D]wentout

　　6.[A]endeavours[B]enterprises[C]functions[D]performances

　　7.[A]locations[B]entrances[C]vicinities[D]districts

　　8.[A]form[B]above[C]over[D]in

　　9.[A]when[B]where[C]which[D]that

　　10.[A]of[B]in[C]about[D]for

　　11.[A]figures[B]speculates[C]exhibits[D]convinces

　　12.[A]clients[B]consumers[C]merchants[D]businesses

　　13.[A]conjunction[B]ornament[C]expenditure[D]convenience

　　14.[A]dedicated[B]devoted[C]designated[D]destined

　　15.[A]clever[B]intelligent[C]ingenious[D]smart

　　16.[A]chorus[B]circus[C]circumference[D]circuit

　　17.[A]as[B]for[C]with[D]of

　　18.[A]aswellas[B]insteadof[C]morethan[D]butfor

　　19.[A]devices[B]instruments[C]readers[D]examiners

　　20.[A]shrink[B]narrow[C]descend[D]reduce

　　SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorDMarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　TheinclusionofallchildrenandyouthispartofageneralintegrativetrendthathasacceleratedsinceWorldWarII.Itrelatestosomenewerdevelopmentsaswell.Concernfortheearth’sendangeredenvironmenthasbecomecentral,emphasizinginbothintellectualandsociallifetheneedforcooperationratherthancompetition,theimportanceofunderstandinginterrelationshipsoftheecosystem,andtheideathatecologycanbeusedasanorganizingconcept.Inadifferentvein,therapiddevelopmentofmicroelectronics,particularlytheuseofcomputersformultiplefunctionsineducation,goesforbeyondpossibilitiesofearliertechnologicaladvances.Althoughtechnologyisthoughtofbysomeasantagonistictohumanisticconcerns,othersarguethatitmakescommunicationandcomprehensionavailabletoawiderpopulationandencourages“systemthinking,”bothultimatelyintegrativeeffects.

　　Thepolarizationofopinionontechnology’seffectsandmostotherimportantissuesisaproblemineducationalpolicydetermination.Inadditiontothedifficultiesofgoverningincreasinglylargeanddiverseeducationsystems,aswellasthoseofmeetingthenever-endingdemandsofexpandingeducation,thechroniclackofconsensusmakesthesystemunabletorespondsatisfactorilytopubliccriticismandunabletoplanforsubstantivelong-rangedevelopment.

　　Thepoliticalandadministrativeresponsessofarhavebeentoattendtoshort-runefficiencybyimprovingmanagementtechniquesandtoadoptpolarresponsestoaccommodatepolarcriticisms.Thus,communityandcommunityschoolshavebeenemphasizedalongwithcentralcontrolandstandardization,andinstitutionalalternativeshavebeenopened,whilethestructureofmaininstitutionshasbecomemorearticulated.Forexample,thefocusofattentionhasbeenplacedonthetransitionstages,whichearlierwerevirtuallyignored:

fromhometoschoolfromprimarytosecondarytouppersecondary,fromschooltowork.Tertiaryinstitutionshavebeenreconceivedaspartofaunifiedlevel;testinghasbecomemoresophisticatedandcredentialshavebecomemoredifferentiatedeitherbycertificateorbytranscript.

　　Alternativeteachingstrategieshavebeenencouragedintheory,butbasic,curriculumuniformityhaseffectivelyrestrictedthepracticeofnewmethods.Generaleducationisstillmainlyabstract,andsubjectmatter,thoughinternallymoredynamic,stillrestsonlanguage,mathematics,andscience.Therehasbeenanincreasingrelianceontheconstructionofsubjectmattertoguidethemethodofteaching.Teachersareentrustedwithagreatervarietyoftasks,buttheyarelesstrustedwithknowledge,leadingpoliticalauthoritiestocallforupgradingofteachertraining,teacherinservicetraining,andregularassessmentofteacherperformance.

　　Recentreformeffortshavebeenfocusedonintegratinggeneralandvocationaleducationandonencouraginglifelongorrecurrenteducationtomeetchangingindividualandsocialneeds.Thus,notonlyhasthenumberofstudentsandinstitutionsincreased,asaresultofinclusionpolicies,butthescopeofeducationhasalsoexpanded.Thistremendousgrowth,however,hasraisednewquestionsabouttheproperfunctionsoftheschoolandtheeffectivenessforlife,work,orintellectualadvancementofpresentprogramsandmeansofinstruction.

　　21.Thepassageismainlyabout.

　　[A]majordifficultiesineducation

　　[B]effectsofmodemtechnologyoneducation

　　[C]majortrendsandproblemsineducation

　　[D]thetremendousgrowthofeducation

　　22.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

　　[A]therapiddevelopmentofmodemtechnology

　　[B]somemodemdevelopmentsrelatingtotheinclusionpolicies

　　[C]theinclusionpoliciesofeducation

　　[D]concernfortheearth’sendangeredenvironments

　　23.Thesecondpassageismainlyabout.

　　[A]thepolarizationofopiniononsomeimportantissuesabouteducationalpolicy

　　[B]therapiddevelopmentofeducation

　　[C]thedifficultiesinmeetingthedemandsofexpandingeducation

　　[D]thepoliticalandadministrativemeasurestakentofurtherexpandeducation

　　24.Theauthorusestheexampleoftransitionofstageinschooltoshow.

　　[A]schoollifeisimportantforfamiliesinacommunity

　　[B]schoolingisimportantforstudentstogotowork

　　[C]disciplinesareemphasizedincommunityschool

　　[D]alllevelsofschoolsareunified

　　25.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingisFALSE?

　　[A]Variousteachingmethodologieshavenotbeenwidelyadoptedingeneraleducation.

　　[B]Focusingonsubjectmatterisstillanobviousfeatureofgeneraleducation.

　　[C]Thetransitionfromschooltoworkhasneverbeenoverlooked.

　　[D]Theprofessionalqualityofthemajor,ofteachershasnotbeenconsiderablyenhanced.

　　Text2

　　Theevolutionofintelligenceamongearlylargemammalsofthegrasslandswasdueingreatmeasuretotheinteractionbetweentwoecologicallysynchronizedgroupsoftheseanimals,thehuntingcarnivoresandtheherbivoresthattheyhunted.Theinteractionresultingfromthedifferencesbetweenpredatorandpreyledtoageneralimprovementinbrainfunctions;however,certaincomponentsofintelligencewereimprovedfarmorethanothers.

　　Thekindofintelligencefavoredbytheinterplayofincreasinglysmartercatchersandincreasinglykeenerescapersisdefinedbyattention—thataspectofmindcarryingconsciousnessforwardfromonemomenttothenext.Itrangesfromapassivefreefloatingawarenesstoahighlyfocused,activefixation.therangethroughthesestatesismediatedbythearousalsystem,anetworkoftractsconvergingfromsensorysystemstointegratingcentersinthebrainstem.Fromthemorerelaxedtothemorevigorouslevelssensitivitytonoveltyisincreased.Theorganismismoreawakemorevigilant;thisincreasedvigilanceresultsintheapprehensionofevermoresubtlesignalsastheorganismbecomesmoresensitivetoitssurroundings.Theprocessesofarousalandconcentrationgiveattentiontoitsdirection.Arousalisatfirstgeneralwithafloodingofimpulsesinthebrainstem;thengraduallytheactivationischanneled.Thusbeginsconcentration,theholdingofconsistentimages.Onemeaningofintelligenceisthewayinthightheseimagesandotheralertlysearchedinformationareusedinthecontextofpreviousexperience.Consciousnesslinkspastattentiontothepresentandpermitstheintegrationofdetailswithperceivedendspurposes.

　　Theelementsofintelligenceandconsciousnesscometogethermarvelouslytoproducedifferentstylesinpredatorandprey.Herbivoresandcarnivoresdevelopdifferentkindsofattentionrelatedtoescapingorchasing.Althoughinbothkindsofanimalarousalstimulatestheproductionofadrenalineandnorepinephrinebytheadrenalglandstheeff