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考研英语模拟试题及答案
2010年考研英语模拟试题及答案
(二)
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2009-08-27 编辑:
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2010年考研英语模拟试题及答案
(二)
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
ThereisgrowinginterestinEastJapanRailwayCo.,oneofthesixcompanies,createdoutofthe1nationalrailwaysystem.Inanindustrylackingexcitinggrowth2,itsplantousereal-estateassetsinandaroundtrainstations3isdrawinginterest.
Inaplancalled“StationRenaissance”(英文符号)thatit4inNovember,JREastsaidthatitwould5usingitscommercialspacesforshopsandrestaurants,extendingthemto6moresuitablefortheinformationage.Itwantstrainstationsaspick-up7forsuchgoodsasbooks,flowersandgroceriespurchased8theInternet.Inacountry9urbanitesdependheavilyontrains10commuting,about16millionpeopleadaygotoitstrainstationsanyway,thecompany11.So,pickinguppurchasesattrainstationsspare12extratravelandmissedhomedeliveries.
JREastalreadyhasbeenusingitsstation13storesforthispurpose,butitplanstocreate14spacesforthedeliveryofInternetgoods.
Thecompanyalsoplanstointroduce15cards—(破折号)knowninJapanasICcardsbecausetheyuseintegrated16forholdinginformation17trainticketsandcommuterpasses18themagneticonesusedtoday,integratingthemintoasinglepass.Thiswillsavethecompanymoney,because19forICcardsaremuchlessexpensivethanmagneticsystems.IncreaseduseofICcardsshouldalso20thespaceneededforticketvending.
1.[A]privatized[B]individualized[C]personalized[D]characterized
2.[A]prospects[B]outlooks[C]expectations[D]spectacles
3.[A]articulately[B]originally[C]reluctantly[D]creatively
4.[A]unveiled[B]concealed[C]demonstrated[D]displayed
5.[A]comeround[B]gobeyond[C]takeover[D]wentout
6.[A]endeavours[B]enterprises[C]functions[D]performances
7.[A]locations[B]entrances[C]vicinities[D]districts
8.[A]form[B]above[C]over[D]in
9.[A]when[B]where[C]which[D]that
10.[A]of[B]in[C]about[D]for
11.[A]figures[B]speculates[C]exhibits[D]convinces
12.[A]clients[B]consumers[C]merchants[D]businesses
13.[A]conjunction[B]ornament[C]expenditure[D]convenience
14.[A]dedicated[B]devoted[C]designated[D]destined
15.[A]clever[B]intelligent[C]ingenious[D]smart
16.[A]chorus[B]circus[C]circumference[D]circuit
17.[A]as[B]for[C]with[D]of
18.[A]aswellas[B]insteadof[C]morethan[D]butfor
19.[A]devices[B]instruments[C]readers[D]examiners
20.[A]shrink[B]narrow[C]descend[D]reduce
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorDMarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
TheinclusionofallchildrenandyouthispartofageneralintegrativetrendthathasacceleratedsinceWorldWarII.Itrelatestosomenewerdevelopmentsaswell.Concernfortheearth’sendangeredenvironmenthasbecomecentral,emphasizinginbothintellectualandsociallifetheneedforcooperationratherthancompetition,theimportanceofunderstandinginterrelationshipsoftheecosystem,andtheideathatecologycanbeusedasanorganizingconcept.Inadifferentvein,therapiddevelopmentofmicroelectronics,particularlytheuseofcomputersformultiplefunctionsineducation,goesforbeyondpossibilitiesofearliertechnologicaladvances.Althoughtechnologyisthoughtofbysomeasantagonistictohumanisticconcerns,othersarguethatitmakescommunicationandcomprehensionavailabletoawiderpopulationandencourages“systemthinking,”bothultimatelyintegrativeeffects.
Thepolarizationofopinionontechnology’seffectsandmostotherimportantissuesisaproblemineducationalpolicydetermination.Inadditiontothedifficultiesofgoverningincreasinglylargeanddiverseeducationsystems,aswellasthoseofmeetingthenever-endingdemandsofexpandingeducation,thechroniclackofconsensusmakesthesystemunabletorespondsatisfactorilytopubliccriticismandunabletoplanforsubstantivelong-rangedevelopment.
Thepoliticalandadministrativeresponsessofarhavebeentoattendtoshort-runefficiencybyimprovingmanagementtechniquesandtoadoptpolarresponsestoaccommodatepolarcriticisms.Thus,communityandcommunityschoolshavebeenemphasizedalongwithcentralcontrolandstandardization,andinstitutionalalternativeshavebeenopened,whilethestructureofmaininstitutionshasbecomemorearticulated.Forexample,thefocusofattentionhasbeenplacedonthetransitionstages,whichearlierwerevirtuallyignored:
fromhometoschoolfromprimarytosecondarytouppersecondary,fromschooltowork.Tertiaryinstitutionshavebeenreconceivedaspartofaunifiedlevel;testinghasbecomemoresophisticatedandcredentialshavebecomemoredifferentiatedeitherbycertificateorbytranscript.
Alternativeteachingstrategieshavebeenencouragedintheory,butbasic,curriculumuniformityhaseffectivelyrestrictedthepracticeofnewmethods.Generaleducationisstillmainlyabstract,andsubjectmatter,thoughinternallymoredynamic,stillrestsonlanguage,mathematics,andscience.Therehasbeenanincreasingrelianceontheconstructionofsubjectmattertoguidethemethodofteaching.Teachersareentrustedwithagreatervarietyoftasks,buttheyarelesstrustedwithknowledge,leadingpoliticalauthoritiestocallforupgradingofteachertraining,teacherinservicetraining,andregularassessmentofteacherperformance.
Recentreformeffortshavebeenfocusedonintegratinggeneralandvocationaleducationandonencouraginglifelongorrecurrenteducationtomeetchangingindividualandsocialneeds.Thus,notonlyhasthenumberofstudentsandinstitutionsincreased,asaresultofinclusionpolicies,butthescopeofeducationhasalsoexpanded.Thistremendousgrowth,however,hasraisednewquestionsabouttheproperfunctionsoftheschoolandtheeffectivenessforlife,work,orintellectualadvancementofpresentprogramsandmeansofinstruction.
21.Thepassageismainlyabout.
[A]majordifficultiesineducation
[B]effectsofmodemtechnologyoneducation
[C]majortrendsandproblemsineducation
[D]thetremendousgrowthofeducation
22.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.
[A]therapiddevelopmentofmodemtechnology
[B]somemodemdevelopmentsrelatingtotheinclusionpolicies
[C]theinclusionpoliciesofeducation
[D]concernfortheearth’sendangeredenvironments
23.Thesecondpassageismainlyabout.
[A]thepolarizationofopiniononsomeimportantissuesabouteducationalpolicy
[B]therapiddevelopmentofeducation
[C]thedifficultiesinmeetingthedemandsofexpandingeducation
[D]thepoliticalandadministrativemeasurestakentofurtherexpandeducation
24.Theauthorusestheexampleoftransitionofstageinschooltoshow.
[A]schoollifeisimportantforfamiliesinacommunity
[B]schoolingisimportantforstudentstogotowork
[C]disciplinesareemphasizedincommunityschool
[D]alllevelsofschoolsareunified
25.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingisFALSE?
[A]Variousteachingmethodologieshavenotbeenwidelyadoptedingeneraleducation.
[B]Focusingonsubjectmatterisstillanobviousfeatureofgeneraleducation.
[C]Thetransitionfromschooltoworkhasneverbeenoverlooked.
[D]Theprofessionalqualityofthemajor,ofteachershasnotbeenconsiderablyenhanced.
Text2
Theevolutionofintelligenceamongearlylargemammalsofthegrasslandswasdueingreatmeasuretotheinteractionbetweentwoecologicallysynchronizedgroupsoftheseanimals,thehuntingcarnivoresandtheherbivoresthattheyhunted.Theinteractionresultingfromthedifferencesbetweenpredatorandpreyledtoageneralimprovementinbrainfunctions;however,certaincomponentsofintelligencewereimprovedfarmorethanothers.
Thekindofintelligencefavoredbytheinterplayofincreasinglysmartercatchersandincreasinglykeenerescapersisdefinedbyattention—thataspectofmindcarryingconsciousnessforwardfromonemomenttothenext.Itrangesfromapassivefreefloatingawarenesstoahighlyfocused,activefixation.therangethroughthesestatesismediatedbythearousalsystem,anetworkoftractsconvergingfromsensorysystemstointegratingcentersinthebrainstem.Fromthemorerelaxedtothemorevigorouslevelssensitivitytonoveltyisincreased.Theorganismismoreawakemorevigilant;thisincreasedvigilanceresultsintheapprehensionofevermoresubtlesignalsastheorganismbecomesmoresensitivetoitssurroundings.Theprocessesofarousalandconcentrationgiveattentiontoitsdirection.Arousalisatfirstgeneralwithafloodingofimpulsesinthebrainstem;thengraduallytheactivationischanneled.Thusbeginsconcentration,theholdingofconsistentimages.Onemeaningofintelligenceisthewayinthightheseimagesandotheralertlysearchedinformationareusedinthecontextofpreviousexperience.Consciousnesslinkspastattentiontothepresentandpermitstheintegrationofdetailswithperceivedendspurposes.
Theelementsofintelligenceandconsciousnesscometogethermarvelouslytoproducedifferentstylesinpredatorandprey.Herbivoresandcarnivoresdevelopdifferentkindsofattentionrelatedtoescapingorchasing.Althoughinbothkindsofanimalarousalstimulatestheproductionofadrenalineandnorepinephrinebytheadrenalglandstheeff