自考学士学位.docx

自考学士学位.docx

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自考学士学位

48个国际音标表

[i:

][i][E:

][E][O:

][O][u:

][u][A:

][V][Q][e][ai][ei][Oi][iE][CE][uE][Eu][au][p][b][t][d][k][g][f][v][s][z][T][D][S][Z][tS][dZ][tr][dr][ts][dz][m][n][N][h][r][l][w][j]

英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼音

元音

12个单元音

长元音[i:

][E:

][O:

][u:

][A:

]

短元音[i][E][O][u][V][Q][e]

8个双元音:

[ai][ei][Oi][iE][CE][uE][Eu][au]

辅音10对

清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][T][S][tS][tr][ts]

浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][D][Z][dZ][dr][dz]

3个鼻音[m][n][N]

3个似拼音[h][r][l]

2个半元音[w][j]

巧记48个国际音标

单元音共十二，四二六前中后。

双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。

辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，

四个连对也包括。

有气无声清辅音，

有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。

关于语音的几个概念:

AHD表示美语发音,TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage（简称AHD）

KK音标是一套用于标注美式发音的符号系统,这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。

DJ是根据英国学者DanielJones编的英语发音字典（EnglishPronouncingDictionary,1963）中的标音而来.

英式读音根据的是EnglishPronouncingDictionary《英语正音辞典》。

它们代表了被称为“ReceivedPronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。

1888年国际语音协会（InternationalPhoneticAssociation）的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号（IPA─InternationalPhoneticAlphabet），希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。

音素:

音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.

音节:

由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.58英语学习

元音:

发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.

辅音:

发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.

开音节:

1）辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e如:

kitecakenamebikemaketakehomeplaneshine

2）辅音+元音如:

hehigonodobetreethreehello

闭音节:

1）辅音+元音+辅音:

sitbedbadbaghothopletmadmaphead

2）元音+辅音如:

itisofinonupoutant

Achickenisinthekitchen./Ahorseisinthehouse.

Amouseisinthecat’smouth.

Asheepeatssomebeefanddrinkssomegreentea

1元音:

1）[i:

]字母组合:

eeeaeie

threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseek

eatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakclean

piecereceiveceiling

2）[i]发音字母iye

sitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmiss

mythmanytwentyhappydictionary

defectdecidedelicious

3）[æ]发音字母a

baghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman58英语学习网

4）[e]字母组合eaea

headbreadpleasure

elephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyes

manyany

5）[ε:

]字母组合irureareror

girlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbird

turnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburger

learnearnearthheard

termhernerdserve

workwormworkworld

6）[ε]字母组合erorouaroaeu

teacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowder

doctoractormayorauthortractor

deliciousgraciouspleasure

familiarcollardollar

togethertomorrowtodayshalloplessonWashingtoncontrol

aroundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanchina

menlisten

famulusSaturday

7）[a:

]字母组合ara

carfarmcardarmgarden

fastclasslastglassplantauntcalm

8）[:

]发音字母uoouoo

upsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbus

comemotherdosebrotherloveabove

troubleroughflourish

bloodflood

9）[]字母组合alorauourar

smallwalltalktallhallballcallwalk

shortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstore

authorcaughtautumn

fourmourncourtbought

warmquarrelquarter

10）[]发音字母oa

hotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnot

wantwashwatch

11）[u:

]字母组合ooou

foodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetooth

shoedotwo

truetruthbluefullprude

12）[u]字母组合ooouuo

lookgoodfootbookwood

shouldcould

putfullbullpullpush

womanwolf

13）[ei]发音字母aayeaaiey

namecakelategateplaneApril

playsaymayway

greatbreak

rainpaintplain

theygrey

14）[ai]发音字母iy

bikefinefinddieninelightnighthigh

mytryflyeye

15）[au]字母组合ouow

houseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouse

flowerdownnowcowhowtown

16）[εu]发音字母oowoa

homecoldgonophonehostghost

knowlowbelowgrowblowshowflow

boatcoatgoal

17）[]字母组合oyoi

boytoyjoy

oilsoilvoicechoice

18）[iε]字母组合eerear

beerdeer

earnear

herefierceidea

19）[]字母组合earairere

pearbear

chairairfair

therewhere

care

20）[uε]字母组合ourower

hourtour

flowershower

2容易混淆的元音

[A][e]

badbedhandheadmanmenlandlendpanpensadsaid

[i：

][ei]

realrailgreetgreatmeanmainreadraid

[e][ai]

betbiteredwritesaidsideheadhide

[aU][R：

]

househorseloudlordsouthsaucecloudclausenownorcountcorn

[aU][Q]

foundfonddowndonegowngonetownton

[A][Q]

fanfuntantunsansontanktun

3辅音

1）penpearplaypigpourpullpush

2）bookbigbootbikebreadbreak

3）[t]treetwotentontowntwentycity

4）[d]doordulldeskdosedodogdictionary

5）[k]kingkitekeylookcookbookkitchensky（发音字母k）

cardcatcreamcorrectclimbcomeaccountaccept（发音字母c）

foxboxoxygenx-ray（发音字母x）

schoolscheduleschema（字母组合ch）

6）[g]girlgoodgoalgoatgradelonglanguage

7）[m]manmakemoonmorningmovecomecomb

8）[n]pentenninefinenightnoonmoonclean

9）[N]unclebankEnglishthinkthankjunk58英语

singkingmorningevening

10）[l]longlandlendlordflyflagblack

worldcoldcouldgoalsoul

11）[r]readredrightrunroomwrite

12）[f]fiveflyfineflagfrogfogroofknifelifewife

coughlaughroughphysicphotophone

13）[v]veryeveningeveneveryvoicevest

of

14）[s]sixsitstudentsameseatkissmisscasescarf（发音字母s）

licensecityceasecedarceilingcelebrate（发音字母c）

piecejuicesciencelancespaceace（字母组合ce）

15）[z]zoozebrazerozap

closenosehosesupposepausethosewhose

16）[W]thinkthankthreethirtytoothmouth

17）[T]thatthisthosethesethough

18）[F]sheepshouldershipshoeshebrushwash

nationattentionstation

socialspecial

sure

19）[V]pleasure

20）[h]hothophomehousehorsehowwho

21）[w]whenwhatwherewindowwindwood

22）[j]yesyearyellyouyouryolkyellow

23）[tF]childchickenchinachairlunchouchcatchteach

24）[dV]agelanguagecabbagevegetablestagebridge

joyenjoyjoinJulyJunejunk

25）[tr]treecountrytrytreattracktrunk

26）[dr]drydreamdropdrivedrink

27）[ts]studentsbootsboatsgoatsnuts

28）[dz]goodswoodsmoodshoods

4容易混淆的辅音

[v][w]

vestwestvetwetvinewineverywell

s][W]

sinkthinkmassmathmissmythsortsought

[z][T]

closeclothbreezebreathe

[n][N]

thinthingsinsingranrangbanbangwinwing

5字母，组合音节发音规律

1）a[ei][æ][[][a:

][R]

lateprivategradebakegrapenationstationpage

activehandbankfanparentfamilygladflag

acceptaboutaboveformativemachinecinema

fastlastglassclasspastfather

washwhatwatchwant

2）e[i:

][e][[]不发音

appreciateextremelysecretshemehe

letterleftmessagegeneratepebble

decideprettypreviousresultrestore

problemprosperousstudentconfident

activetablelatewifestorelecture

3）i[ai]

highpricelibraryicecreamwifesizeline

fistpickchickenpianofiancécityunit

4）o[[J][J:

][Q][[][R]

lodehostcoldnoteokayoldhome

losedowhowhoseprove

lovesomeothermotherhoneycompany

todaytomorrowtogethercontrolcollect

losthotmockofficesofthonest

5）u[ju][u][Q][[]

universityrefuseuniqueuniversehuge

putpushpullfullbull

butbrushbucketduckbubble58英语学习

supportsuggest

6）c[k][s]

countrycampcameracouragecable

cityceilingcelebratecellcease

7）g[g][dV][N]

girlgradeglassgladebagflag

villagevegetablebridgegentlemangym

longsongsingmorningevening

8）l[l]读音不同

listenlearnlanguagecollectEnglishgorilla

worldcoldsoiltallsellcoolanimal

9）n[n][N]

moonnightnoodlenumber

unclehungryangryyoung

10）r[r][[]（美语发音）

rightreadwritegradeprogress

cardboarddoorfloorformnorth

11）y[j][ai]

yellowyearyellyoungyolk

universitycountryprettyhappy

dykedyingflybuybymy

12）ar[a:

][[][R:

]

farmcardgardenmark

dollar

warmquarrelquarter

13）ea[i:

][e][ei][i[]

ceaseseasonbreathefeaturemeatplease

breadbreastbreathmeadowweather

greatbreak

idearealize

14）ear[[:

][i[]

learnearthearnheard

hearnearclearearfear

15）er[[:

][[][i[]

deserveserveherperson

teacherdriverangersinger

seriousexperiencemysteriousfierce

16）ere[i[][Z[]

heremereferesere

there

17）ir[[:

][ai]

shirtgirlskirt

admiredesire

18）oo[u:

][u][Q][R:

]

roomtoolcoolmoonnoongooffood

goodfootstoodwoodwoolcookwoodbook

bloodflood

doorfloor

19）or[R:

][[:

][[]

shortformcornbornfor

workworldwormwordworst

tractordoctoractorsectorseniorsenator

20）oor[R:

][J[]

doorfloor

moorpoorboor

21）our[J[][R:

]

hourtourflourbournlour

pourcourtfourmourn

22）ou[au][Q][[]

housemouthmousesoundfound

enoughtroubletouch

deliciousgraciousprosperous

23）ow[[J][au]

windowmeadowknowshowlow

nowtownhowdowncow

24）se[z][s]

nosesupposegoseloseposerose

mousehouse

25）th[W][T]

thankthinkthoughtcloth58英语学习

clothesthatthisthenthan

26）sion[F[n][V[n]

propulsiontensionprogressionpassion

protrusionprovisionconclusiontelevision

27）tion[F[n][tF[n]（不常见）

stationnationtranslationattention

question