Unit5 First AidSection A 重点练 作业.docx

Unit5 First AidSection A 重点练 作业.docx

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Unit5FirstAidSectionA重点练作业

Unit5Firstaid

SectionAReadingandThinking

重点练

一、阅读理解

1

Howareyoufeelingtoday?

Oftenwhenweaskpeoplethatquestion,theyreply"notbad",or"couldbeworse".Butwhatwouldmakeusfeel"perfect"?

Maybewecouldlivebetterbybeinghealthier,lessstressedandmoremotivated.Buthow?

Ofcoursetherearemanywaystoimproveourmentalhealth,butsometimestherearesmallandsimplesolutionstohelpimproveourwellbeing.It'ssomethingtheBBCTVprogramEasyWaystoLiveWellhasbeenlookingat.Itsuggestedseveral"healthpacks"whichtheprogrampresenterstriedandgavetheir"sealofapproval".Andmaybetheycouldhelpustoo.

Firstly,toavoidputtingonweightandtocutthecalories,theprogramfoundsniffing（嗅）peppermintstopsourdesireforasnack.Presenter,chefandwriterHughFearnley-Whittingstallsays"ascientifictheorycalledmutualcompetitionshowsthatastrongsmellcandistractourbrainfromthefoodwe'rethinkingabout."

Ifyouraddictiontoyoursmart-phoneisgettingyoudown,it'ssuggestedthatturningyourphonescreengrayhelpsyoureducescreentimebecauseablackandwhitescreenbecomeslessattractivetolookat.Withrecentstudiesshowingourphonescanmakeus26%lessproductiveandincreaseourstress,itseemslikeano-brainertotrythis"dim（暗）"idea.

Fancyaswiminice-coldwater?

Well,theBBCprogramfoundadailydipinfreezingwatergetsyouusedtothestressofdoingitandthereforepreparesyouforotherlifestresses.Andanotherwayto"chillout"istoleaveyoursmart-phoneathome,immerseyourselfinaforest,andbreatheinthefreshair.Forestbathingistheperfectmedicineforthestressesofurbanlife.

Otherlife-improvingideasincludedthingssuchassingingtoreducepainandmovingyourbodymoretogetawayfromourinactivelives.Butwhatevertherapywechoosetoadopt,itseemsanychangetoourlifestylecanhelpimproveourbodyandmind.

1.Peppermintcanpreventusfromadesireforfoodbecause.

A.ithashighcaloriesB.ithasastrongsmell

C.itcanmakeusgainweightD.itcausesdamagetoourbrain

2.Agrayphonescreencanmakeus________.

A.morestressfulB.addictedtophones

C.usephoneslessD.lessattractive

3.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?

A.FocusofaTVprogram.B.Waystoliveabetterlife.

C.Importanceofahealthylife.D.Reasonsforchangingourlifestyle.

【答案】1.B2.C3.B

【解析】本文是说明文。

这是一篇健康环保类阅读，主要介绍了一些改善我们健康的建议，告诉我们不论我们选择什么方法，对我们生活方式的改变可以帮助改善我们的身心。

1.推理判断题。

根据第三段的“Presenter,chefandwriterHughFearnley-Whittingstallsays"ascientifictheorycalledmutualcompetitionshowsthatastrongsmellcandistractourbrainfromthefoodwe'rethinkingabout."（主持人、厨师兼作家休·沃芬利-惠廷斯特说：

“一种叫做相互竞争的科学理论表明，强烈的气味会分散我们的大脑对我们正在思考的食物的注意力。

”）”可推断，薄荷可以阻止我们渴望食物是因为它有强烈的气味。

故选B。

2.推理判断题。

根据第四段的“Ifyouraddictiontoyoursmart-phoneisgettingyoudown,it'ssuggestedthatturningyourphonescreengrayhelpsyoureducescreentimebecauseablackandwhitescreenbecomeslessattractivetolookat.（如果你对智能手机的上瘾正在让你失望，建议把你的手机屏幕变成灰色，有助于你减少屏幕时间，因为黑白屏幕变得不那么吸引人去看）”可推知，灰色的手机屏幕可以让手机不那么吸引人，从而让我们可以少用手机。

故选C。

3.主旨大意题。

根据第二段的“Ofcoursetherearemanywaystoimproveourmentalhealth,butsometimestherearesmallandsimplesolutionstohelpimproveourwellbeing.（当然，有很多方法来改善我们的心理健康，但有时也一些小而简单的解决方案也可以来帮助改善我们的健康。

）”和“It'ssomethingtheBBCTVprogramEasyWaystoLiveWellhasbeenlookingat.（它就是英国广播公司电视节目EasyWaystoLiveWell一直在关注东西。

）”可知，本文主要介绍了集中改善精神健康，让我们生活的更好的方法。

故选B。

2

Whenhomeworkandtestskeepyouuplateatnight,youmayplantomakeupforyourlostsleepduringtheweekends.Butisituseful?

AstudypublishedinthejournalCurrentBiologyshowsthatthehabitofsleepinginonweekendsdoesn’tfixthedamagethathasbeendonebyalackofsleepduringtheweek.Evenworse,itmaydamageyourhealth.

Inthestudy,whichwasconductedover10days,36healthyyoungmenandwomenwithdifferentsleeprequirementsweredividedintothreegroups.Thefirstgroupwereaskedtosleepninehoursanightandthesecondgroupfivehoursanight.Themembersofthethirdgroupsleptforfivehoursonweekdaysbutrestedaslongastheywantedontheweekend.

Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewholackedsleepatemoresnacksandgainedweightquickly.However,thiswasn’tthecaseforthefirstgroup.

Thatcouldbepartiallyduetotheshiftingofthebiologicalclockandchangestocertainbodyhormones,especiallyhungerhormones.Inordertocatchupontheirsleepduringweekends,peopleinthethirdgroupwouldeatlaterasahabit.Sotheirbiologicalclocksshifted,whichalsochangedtheproductionofhungerhormones.

“Thehormoneleptin（瘦素）decreasesappetite（胃口）,whilethehormoneghrelin（饿素）increasesappetite,”explainedUSresearcherVsevolodPolotsky.“Sleepshortagecausesleptintodropandghrelintorise,soyou’rehungryandeatmore.”

Andeveniftheytriedtosleepforaslongastheywantedtoduringweekends,accordingtoresearchers,itwasstillnotenoughbecausetheyfounditdifficulttofallasleep.

Moreover,shortandinsufficientsleepscheduleswillleadtoaninabilitytochangebloodsugarandincreasetheriskofmetabolic（新陈代谢）diseaseinthelongterm.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthestudy?

A.Participantsweredividedintotwogroups.

B.Researchersstudied36childrenandadults.

C.Itlastedformorethantwoweeks.

D.Eachgroupfollowdifferentsleeprequirements.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shifting”inParagraph5probablymean?

A.increasingB.lackingC.changingD.shortening

6.Whymaypeoplewithoutenoughsleepeatmore?

A.Theyneedtocreatemoreenergy.

B.Thereislessleptinintheirbodies.

C.Theyhavealowerbloodsugar.

D.Theirbodiesproducelesshormones.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthispassage?

A.AppetiteAffectsourSleepQuality

B.SleepinginCausesWeightLoss

C.CatchinguponSleepHarmsOurBody

D.MenandWomenSleepDifferently

【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项研究表明，周末睡懒觉的习惯并不能弥补工作日睡眠不足造成的损害。

更糟糕的是，它可能会损害你的健康。

1.细节理解题。

根据第三段中“Thefirstgroupwereaskedtosleepninehoursanightandthesecondgroupfivehoursanight.Themembersofthethirdgroupsleptforfivehoursonweekdaysbutrestedaslongastheywantedontheweekend.”可知，第一组每晚睡9个小时，第二组每晚睡5个小时。

第三组的成员在工作日睡5个小时，但是在周末想睡多久就睡多久。

所以参与的三组人员的睡眠要求不一样。

选项D与文意相符。

故选D。

2.词句猜测题。

根据下文中“changestocertainbodyhormones,especiallyhungerhormones.”可知，某些身体荷尔蒙的变化，尤其是饥饿荷尔蒙。

结合and，可以推测，此处与下文在意义上为并列关系，画线词应与changes意思相近，所以此处指生物钟的改变。

选项C符合题意。

故选C。

3.细节理解题。

根据倒数第三段最后一句“Sleepshortagecausesleptintodropandghrelintorise,soyou’rehungryandeatmore.”可知，睡眠不足导致瘦素下降，饥饿激素上升，所以你饿了，吃得更多。

选项B与文意一致，故选B。

4.主旨大意题。

结合第二段内容“AstudypublishedinthejournalCurrentBiologyshowsthatthehabitofsleepinginonweekendsdoesn’tfixthedamagethathasbeendonebyalackofsleepduringtheweek.Evenworse,itmaydamageyourhealth.”可知，发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项研究表明，周末睡懒觉的习惯并不能弥补工作日睡眠不足造成的损害。

更糟糕的是，它可能会损害你的健康。

同时结合第三段对此研究过程的介绍，研究中36名健康男女参与人员分成三组，每组人员的睡眠要求不同，结果表明第一组人员可能部分是因为生物钟的改变和身体某种荷尔蒙的改变外，其他两组表现出缺乏睡眠的人会吃更多的零食，体重增加很快。

此外，睡眠时间短和不足会导致血糖无法改变，长期而言会增加患新陈代谢疾病的风险。

因此，文章主要介绍的是补觉会伤害身体。

选项C与文意一致。

故选C。

二、七选五

Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment,theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight,butit'seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.8.Scheduleyearlyexams.9.Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.

ProtectagainstUVrays（紫外线）.Long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.10.11.Two-thirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasestheriskforeyetiredness.Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule:

every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.

Eatyourgreens.Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins（维生素）CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.

Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses（隐形眼镜）,ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.12.Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.

A.Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.

B.Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.

C.Theycanprotectyoureyesinaway.

D.Hereareseveralsuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight.

E.Parentsusuallydon'tcareabouttheirowneyesight.

F.Alwaysfollowthedoctor'sadviceforproperwear.

G.Giveyoureyesabreak.

【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.G12.F

【解析】本文是说明文。

文章对于如何保护我们的视力提出了几条建议。

8.该段首句提到“Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.”视力在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用；空前一句提到“tit'seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.（要保证视力健康，将这些措施融入到日常生活中就很容易）”；D项“Hereareseveralsuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight.（下面是一些建议，可以使你的视力终生健康），其中“healthyeyesight”与空前一句中的“healthyeyes”语义相同。

D项是顺承空前一句的话题。

故选D。

9.空后一句提到“Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.”专家建议父母在宝宝6到12个月大的时候带着孩子到医生那里进行仔细检查；B项“Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.（眼睛护理应该在生命早期就开始）”，空后一句中的“babies6to12monthsofage”与B项中“earlyinlife”相呼应。

空后一句是对B项话题的进一步具体说明。

故选B。

10.该段首句提到“ProtectagainstUVrays.（防止紫外线）”；空前一句提到“it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.”说明戴太阳镜是非常重要的；C项“They