上海市八校高三年级联考英语试题.docx

上海市八校高三年级联考英语试题.docx

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上海市八校高三年级联考英语试题

2017届高三年级八校联合调研

英语试卷　2016年11月

（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）

第I卷（共90分）

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA（10×1=10分）

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,fillineachblankwithoneproperword.Makesurethatyouranswersaregrammaticallycorrect.

HaveyoueverseenanoldmoviecalledThreeCoinsintheFountain?

ItisaboutthreeyoungAmericanwomen（21）_______（search）forpermanentromanceinRomeandtheyallfindit.Far-fetchedHollywood?

Well,fromtheworldhistorypointofview,romancedid,infact,setdownitsrootsinRome.

ThewordromanceevolvedinLatinfromRomatoRomanicusoftheRomanlanguage,totheOldFrenchromanzescrive,（22）_______means“towriteinaRomancelanguage,”andontotheEnglishromance.

TheRomancelanguages（23）____________（compose）ofsevengroupsoflanguagesthatallhaveLatin（24）______theirbasis.TheselanguagesincludeFrench,Italian,SpanishandPortuguese.ThecommonpeopleinancientRomespoke（25）________isreferredtoasVulgarLatin,aninformalspeech,asopposedtotheclassicalLatinofthemoreeducated.MostlanguageexpertsagreethatVulgarLatinisthechiefsourceoftheRomancelanguages.

MedievalRomancesweretales（26）__________（write）primaryinFrenchverseaboutbraveheroes.Thenotionofhavingaromancewithanotherpersonisthought（27）__________（develop）sometimeduringtheMiddleAges.Inthelate18thcenturyandonthroughthe19th,aromancewasnotalovestory（28）_________aworkofprosefictionthatcontainedfar-fetched,mysteriousevents.Romancesofthisperiod（29）_________（include）EnglishGothicnovelslikeTheCastleofOtrantobyHoraceWalpole.

Whatexactlyisatwentieth-centuryromance?

Doesithaveanyrelationshipwiththelively,popularnovelswrittentoday,withtheirfantasticplotsofloveaffairs?

OrdidtheplaywrightOscarWildehaveitrightinThePictureofDorianGray:

“Whenoneisinlove,onealwaysbeginsbydeceiving（30）_________,andonealwaysendsbydeceivingothers.Thatiswhattheworldcallsaromance.”

SectionB（10×1=10分）

Directions:

Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.astonishinglyB.surroundingC.collapseD.unnoticed

E.interruptedF.previouslyG.congratulateH.predictions

I.potentialJ.producingK.properties

InthewakeofthehistoricannouncementofthediscoveryofgravitationalwavesonFebruary11,2016bytheLaserInterferometerGravitational-WaveObservatory（LIGO）,BritishphysicistandblackholetheoristStephenHawkingwasquickto____31___theUS-ledcollaboration,sharinghisexcitementforthehistoricnews.

AccordingtoHawking,theseresultsconfirmseveralveryimportant____32___ofEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativityanditalsoconfirmstheexistenceofgravitationalwavesdirectly.

Asisbecomingclear,thedirectdetectionoftheseripplesinspacetimenotonlyconfirmsEinstein’sfamoustheoryofgeneraltheorybutitalsoopensoureyestoa（n）_33________“dark”universe.Astronomersemploytheelectromagneticspectrum（电磁光谱）tostudytheuniverse,butobjectsthatdonotradiateintheelectromagneticspectrumwillgo___34____.Butnowweknowhowtodetectgravitationalwaves,whichcanhelpusdetectandstudysomeofthemostenergeticcosmicphenomena.

“Gravitationalwavesprovideacompletelynewwayoflookingattheuniverseandtheabilitytodetectthemhasthe___35___torevolutionizeastronomy”saidHawking.“Thediscoveryisthefirstobservationofblackholesmerging.Theobserved__36____ofthissystemareconsistentwithpredictionsaboutblackholesthatImadein1970inCambridge.”

However,thisdiscoveryalsopresentsapuzzleforastrophysicists.Themassofeachoftheblackholesarelargerthanexpectedforthoseformedbythegravitational__37_____ofastar---sohowdidbothoftheseblackholesbecomesomassive?

Thisquestiontouchesononeofthebiggestmysteries___38___blackholeevolution.Currently,astronomersarehavingahardtimeunderstandinghowblackholesgrowtobesomassive.Ontheoneendofthescale,thereare“stellarmass（恒星质量）”blackholesthatformimmediatelyafteramassivestarexplodes,___39____anextremelybrightlight.Andwealsohaveanabundanceofevidencefortheexistenceofthesuper-massivethatliveinthecentersofmostgalaxies.Thereisadisconnect,however.Ifblackholesgrowbymergingandconsumingstellarmatter,thereshouldbeevidenceofblackholesofallsizes,but“intermediatemass”blackholesandblackholesofafewdozensolarmassesare____40____rare,throwingsomeblackholesevolutiontheoriesintodoubt.

Onethingisclear,however.Thisisthefirsttimethatwe’veacquireddirectevidenceofablackholemerger.Soit’sgoodtoknowwe’reontherighttrack.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA（15×1=15分）

Directions:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Cowboyorspaceman?

Adilemmaforachildren’sparty,perhaps.Butalsoaquestionforeconomists,arguedKennethBoulding,inanessaypublishedin1966.Wehaverunour41,hewarned,likecowboysontheopengrassland:

takingandusingtheworld’sresources,42____thatmoreliesoverthehorizon.ButtheEarthis43agrasslandthanaspaceship---aclosedsystem,aloneinspace,carryingexhaustiblesupplies.Weneed,saidBoulding,aneconomicsthattakesseriouslytheideaofenvironmental44.Inthehalfcenturysincehisessay,anewmovementhasrespondedtohischallenge.“Ecologicaleconomists,”astheycallthemselves,wantto45__itsaimsandassumptions.Whatdotheysay--andwilltheirideastakeoff?

Toits46,ecologicaleconomicsisneitherecologynoreconomics,butamixofboth.Theirstartingpointistorecognizethatthehumaneconomyispartofthenaturalworld.Ourenvironment,theynote,isbothasourceofresourcesandasinkforwastes.Butitis47intraditionaltextbooks,whereneatdiagramstracetheflowsbetweenfirms,householdsandthegovernmentasthoughnaturedidnotexist.Thatisahugemistake.

Therearetwowaysoureconomiescangrow,ecologicaleconomistspointout:

throughtechnologicalchange,orthroughmaximumuseofresources.Onlythe48,theysay,isworthhaving.TheyaresuspiciousofGDP（grossdomesticproduct）,asimple49whichdoesnottakeintoaccountresourceexhaustion,unpaidworkandcountlessotherfactors.50,theyadvocatemoreholisticapproaches,suchasGPI（genuineprogressindicator），acomposite（复合的）indexthatincludethingslikethecostofpollution,deforestationandcaraccidents.WhileGDPhaskeptgrowing,globalGPIperperson51in1978:

bydestroyingourenvironment,wearemakingourselvespoorer,notricher.Thesolution,accordingtoexperts,liesina“steady-state”economy,wheretheuseofmaterialsandenergyisheld52.

Mainstreameconomistsarenot53.GPI,theypointout,isasubjectivestandard.AndtalkoflimitstogrowthhashadabadpresssincethedaysofThomasMalthus,whopredictedinthe18thcentury,wrongly,thatoverpopulationwouldleadtofamine.Humanbeingsfindsolutionstosomeofthemostannoyingproblems.Butecologicaleconomists54self-satisfaction.In2009,apaperinNaturearguedthathumanactivityisalready55safeplanetaryboundariesonissuessuchasbiodiversityandclimatechange.Thatsuggestsecologisteconomistsareatleastaskingsomeimportantquestions,eveniftheiranswersturnouttobewrong.

41.A.grasslandB.nationC.economyD.spaceship

42.A.ignorantB.confidentC.astonishedD.anxious

43.A.lessB.smallerC.moreD.larger

44.A.movementsB.influencesC.limitsD.threats

45.A.rejectB.realizeC.resembleD.revolutionize

46.A.challengersB.learnersC.advocatesD.professors

47.A.addressedB.ignoredC.opposedD.reflected

48.A.advancedB.formerC.latterD.scientific

49.A.numberB.productC.ideaD.measure

50.A.InadditionB.ForexampleC.InotherwordsD.Initsplace

51.A.peakedB.plungedC.persistedD.paused

52.A.sufficientB.efficientC.constantD.adequate

53.A.impressedB.involvedC.concernedD.appointed

54.A.callforB.contributetoC.warnagainstD.referto

55.A.settingB.oversteppingC.extendingD.redrawing

SectionB（11×2=22分）

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

EveryAprilIamtroubledbythesameconcern--thatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.Thelandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggray.Myspiritsebb,astheydidduringanAprilsnowfallwhenIfirstcametoMaine15yearsago."Justwait,"aneighboradvised."You'llwakeuponemorningandspringwilljustbehere."

Andlook,onMay3thatyearIawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofflippingaswitch.Hills,skyandforestrevealedtheirpurples,bluesandgreen.Leaveshadunfoldedanddaffodilswerefightingtheirwayheavenward.

Thentherewastheoldappletree.Itsitsonanundevelopedlotinmyneighborhood.Itbelongstonooneandthereforetoeveryone.Thetree'sdarktwistedbranchesstr