1932年牛津华沙规则中英文.docx

1932年牛津华沙规则中英文.docx

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1932年牛津华沙规则中英文

WARSAW-OXFORDRULES1932

PREAMBLE

TheseRulesareintendedtooffertothoseinterestedinthesaleandpurchaseofgoodsontermswhohaveatpresentnostandardformofcontractorgeneralconditionsavailableameansofvoluntarilyandreadilyadoptingintheircontractsasetofuniformrules.

IntheabsenceofanyexpressadoptionoftheseRulesinthemannerhereinafterappearing,theyshallinnocasebedeemedtogoverntherightsandobligationsofthepartiestoasaleofgoodsonterms.

RULE1.SCHEMEOFRULES

TheseRulesshallbeknownasthe"Warsaw-OxfordRules",andtheiradoptionashereinprovidedshallbeconclusiveevidencethatthepartiesintendtheircontracttobeacontract.

AnyoftheseRulesmaybevaried,oramended,orothertermsinsertedinthecontract,butsuchvariation,amendmentorinsertionmayonlybemadebyexpressagreementofthepartiestothecontract.IntheabsenceofanysuchexpressagreementtheseRulesshallapplywithoutqualificationtoanysaleofgoodsinvolvingeitherwhollyorinparttransitbysea,inconnectionwithwhichtheyareexpresslyadoptedbyareferencetotheterm"Warsaw-OxfordRules",andtherightsandobligationsofthepartiesshallbeconstruedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheseRules.

IncaseofaconflictbetweentheRulesandacontractthelattershallgovern.ReferencetotheRulesshallcoverallotherprovisionsonwhichthecontractitselfissilent.Theexpression"usageoftheparticulartrade"asemployedintheseRulesmeansasettledcustomsogeneralintheparticulartradethatthepartiestothecontractofsalemustbeheldtoknowoftheexistenceofsuchacustomandtohavecontractedwithreferencethereto.

RULE2.DUTIESOFTHESELLERASTOSHIPMENT

（I）TheSellermustprovidegoodsofthecontractualdescriptionand,subjecttotheprovisionsofthenextsucceedingparagraphandtothoseofRules7（III）and（IV）,havethemloadedonboardthevesselattheportofshipmentinthemannercustomaryattheport.

（II）Wherethegoodscontractedtobesoldarealreadyafloat,orhavealreadybeendeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrierinthemannerprovidedinRule7（III）and（IV）,atthetimethesaleismade,orwherethesellerisentitledtopurchasegoodsofthecontractualdescriptionafloatinordertofulfilhiscontract,thesellershallhavemerelytoappropriatethesegoodstothecontractofsale.Suchappropriationneednottakeplacetillthedocumentsaretenderedtothebuyerandsuchtendershallimplytheappropriationofthegoodstothecontractofsale.

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RULE3.TIMEOFSHIPMENTANDEVIDENCEOFDATE

（I）Thewholequantityofthegoodscontractedtobesoldmustbeshippedordeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrier,asthecasemaybe,atthetimeorwithintheperiod,ifany,specifiedinthecontractofsaleor,ifnosuchtimeorperiodhasbeenspecifiedinthecontractofsaleor,ifnosuchtimeorperiodhasbeenspecifiedinthecontract,withinareasonabletime.

（II）Thedateofshipmentorofdeliveryintothecustodyofthecarrier,asthecasemaybe,mentionedinthebillofladingorotherdocumentvalidlytenderedasevidencingthecontractofcarriageshallbeprimafacieevidenceoftheactualshipmentoroftheactualdelivery,asthecasemaybe,onthatdatewithoutprejudicetotherightofthebuyertoprovethecontrary.

RULE4.EXCEPTIONS

Thesellershallnotberesponsiblefordelayorfailuretoshipthegoodscontractedtobesoldoranypartthereofortodeliversuchgoods,oranypartthereofintothecustodyofthecarrier,asthecasemaybe,arisingfromforcemajeure,orfromanyextraordinarycauses,accidentsorhindrancesofwhatkindsoeverorwheresoeverortheconsequencesthereofwhichitwasimpossibleinthecircumstancesforthesellertohaveforeseenoraverted.Intheeventofanyofthesaidcauses,accidentsorhindrancespreventing,hinderingorimpedingtheproduction,themanufacture,thedeliverytotheseller,ortheshipmentofthegoodscontractedtobesoldoranypartthereoforthecharteringofanyvesselorpartofvessel,noticethereofshallbegiventothebuyerbytheseller,andonsuchnoticebeinggiventhetimeforshipmentordeliveryintothecustodyofthecarrier,asthecasemaybe,shallbeextendeduntiltheoperationofthecause,accidentorhindrancepreventing,hinderingorimpedingtheproduction,themanufacture,thedeliverytothesellerortheshipmentofthesaidgoodsoranypartthereoforthecharteringofanyvesselorpartofvesselhasceased.Butifanyofthesecauses,accidentsorhindrancescontinuesformorethanfourteendaysfromthetimeorfromtheexpirationoftheperiodifany,specifiedinthecontractofsalefortheshipmentofthegoodsortheirdeliveryintothecustodyofthecarrier,asthecasemaybe,orifnosuchtimeorperiodhasbeenspecifiedinthecontractthenfromtheexpirationofthereasonabletimecontemplatedinRule3,thewholecontractofsaleorsuchpartthereofasshallremaintobefulfilledbythesellermay,attheoptionofeitherparty,bedetermined,suchoptionshallbeexercisedandnoticetothateffectshallbegivenbyeitherpartytotheotherpartyatanytimeduringthesevendaysnextsucceedingtheperiodoffourteendayshereinbeforementionedbutnotthereafter.Andonsuchnoticebeinggivenneitherpartyshallhaveanyclaimagainsttheotherpartyinrespectofsuchdetermination.

RULE5.RISK

TheriskshallbetransferredtothebuyerfromthemomentthegoodsareloadedonboardthevesselinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofRule2or,shouldthesellerbeentitledinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofRule7（III）and（IV）inlieuofloadingthegoodsonboardthevesselstodeliverthegoodsintothecustodyofthecarrier,fromthetimesuchdeliveryhaseffectivelytakenplace.

RULE6.PROPERTY

SubjecttotheprovisionsofRule20（III）thetimeofthepassingofthepropertyinthegoodsshallbethemomentwhenthesellerdeliversthedocumentsintothepossessionofthebuyer.

RULE7.DUTIESOFTHESELLERASTOBILLSOFLADING

（I）Itshallbethedutyofthesellertoprocure,athisowncost,acontractofcarriagethatisreasonablehavingregardtothenatureofthegoodsandthetermscurrentonthecontemplatedrouteorintheparticulartrade.Thesaidcontractofcarriagemust,subjecttotheusualorcustomaryexceptionsthereincontained,provideforthedeliveryofthegoodsatthecontractualdestination.Moreover,thesaidcontractofcarriagemust,exceptashereinafterprovided,beevidencedbya"shipped"billoflading,ingoodmerchantableorder,issuedbytheshipownerorhisofficialagentorpursuanttoacharterparty,dulydatedandbearingthenameoftheship.

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（II）Wherethecontractofsaleortheusageoftheparticulartradesoallows,thecontractofcarriagemay,subjecttotheprovisionsandqualificationshereinafterconstrained,beevidencedbya"receivedforshipment"billofladingorsimilardocument,asthecasemaybe,ingoodmerchantableorder,issuedbytheshipownerorhisofficialagent,orpursuanttoacharterparty,andinsuchcircumstancesuch"receivedforshipment"billofladingorsimilardocumentshallforallpurposesbedeemedtobeavalidbilloflading,andmaybetenderedbytheselleraccordingly.Moreover,inallcaseswheresuchadocumenthasbeendulynotedwiththenameoftheshipandthedateofshipment,itshallbedeemedinallrespectsequivalenttoa"shipped"billoflading.

（III）Whenthesellerisentitledtotendera"receivedforshipment"billoflading,hemust,subjecttotheprovisionsofRule2（II）provideandhavegoodsofthecontractualdescriptioneffectivelydeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrierattheportofshipmentfortransportationtothebuyerwithallreasonabledispatch.

（IV）Whenthesellerisentitledbythetermsofthecontractofsaleorbytheusageoftheparticulartradetotendera"through"billoflading,andsuchdocumentinvolvespartlandandpartseatransit,andshouldthecarrierwhoissuesthe"through"billofladingbealandcarrier,thesellermust,subjecttotheprovisionsofRule2（II）,provideandhavegoodsofthecontractualdescriptioneffectivelydeliveredintothecustodyofthesaidcarrierfortransportationtothebuyerwithallreasonabledispatch.

Goodsshallnotbetransmittedbyinlandwaterwaysunlessthesellerisentitledbythetermsofthecontractofsaleorbytheusageoftheparticulartradetoemploythatmeansoftransportation.

Thesellershallnotbeentitledtotendera"through"billofladingprovidingforpartandpartseatransitwherethecontractofsalecallsforseatransitonly.

（V）Whenthegoodsarecarriedundera"through"billofladingthisdocumentmustprovideforthefullandcontinuousprotectionofthebuyerfromthemomenttheriskistransferredtothebuyerinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofRule5throughoutthewholeofthetransit,inrespectofanylegalremedytowhichthebuyermaybeentitledagainsteachandanyofthecarrierswhoshallhaveparticipatedinthecarriageofthegoodstothepointofdestination.

（VI）Ifaparticularrouteisstipulatedbythecontractofsale,thebillofladingorotherdocumentvalidlytenderedasevidencingthecontractofcarriagemustprovideforthecarriageofthegoodsbythatroute,orifnoroutehasbeenstipulatedinthecontractofsale,thenbyaroutefollowedbytheusageoftheparticulartrade.

（VII）Thebillofladingorotherdocumentvalidlytenderedasevidencingthecontractofcarriageshalldeal,anddealonly,withthegoodscontractedtobesold.

（VIII）Thesellershallnotbeentitledtotenderadelive