0Lngry6大学英语六级考试全真模拟卷A.docx

0Lngry6大学英语六级考试全真模拟卷A.docx

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0Lngry6大学英语六级考试全真模拟卷A

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CollegeEnglishPracticeTest1

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledAnEye-witnessAccountofaTrafficAccident.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1．车祸发生的时间及地点；

2．你所见到的车祸情况；

3．你对车祸原因的分析。

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

ABriefHistoryofClock

Clocks

Atbest,historiansknowthat5,000-6,000yearsago,greatcivilizationsintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricastartedtoexamineformsofclock-makinginsteadofworkingwithonlythemonthlyandannualcalendar.Littleisknownonexactlyhowtheseformsworkedorindeedtheactualdeconstructionofthetime,butithasbeensuggestedthattheintentionwastomaximizetimeavailabletoachievemoreasthesizeofthepopulationgrew.Perhapssuchfutureperiodsoftimewereintendedtobenefitthecommunitybyallottingspecificlengthsoftimetotasks.Wasthisthebeginningoftheworkingweek?

SunClocks

Withthedisappearanceofanyancientcivilization,suchastheSumerianculture,knowledgeisalsolost.Whilstwecanonlyhypothesizeonthereasonsofwhytheequivalenttothemodernwristwatchwasnevercompleted,weknowthattheancientEgyptianswerenexttolayoutasystemofdividingthedayintoparts,similartohours.

"Obelisks"（tallfour-sidedtaperedmonuments）werecarefullyconstructedandevenpurposefullygeographicallylocatedaround3500BC.AshadowwaseastastheSunmovedacrosstheskybytheobelisk,whichitappearswasthenmarkedoutinsections,allowingpeopletoclearlyseethetwohalvesoftheday.Someofthesectionshavealsobeenfoundtoindicatethe"year"slongestandshortestdays,whichitisthoughtweredevelopmentsaddedlatertoallowidentificationofotherimportanttimesubdivisions.

AnotherancientEgyptian"shadowclock"or"sundial"hasbeendiscoveredtohavebeeninusearound1500BC,whichallowedthemeasuringofthepassageof"hours".Thesectionsweredividedintotenparts,Withtwo"twilighthours"indicated,occurringinthemorningandtheevening.Forittoworksuccessfullythenatmiddayornoon,thedevicehadtobeturned180degreestomeasuretheafternoonhours.

WaterClocks

"Waterclocks"wereamongtheearliesttimekeepingdevicesthatdidn'tusetheobservationofthecelestialbodiestocalculatethepassageoftime.TheancientGreeks,itisbelieved,beganusingwaterclocksaround325BC.Mostoftheseclockswereusedtodeterminethehoursofthenight,butmayhavealsobeenusedduringdaylight.Aninherentproblemwiththewaterclockwasthattheywerenottotallyaccurate,asthesystemofmeasurementwasbasedontheflowofwatereitherinto,oroutof,acontainerwhichhadmarkersaroundthesides.Anotherverysimilarformwasthatofabowlthatsankduringaperiodasitwasfilledofwaterfromaregulatedflow.ItisknownthatwaterclockswerecommonacrosstheMiddleEast,andthatthesewerestillbeingusedinNorthAfricaduringtheearlypartofthetwentieth-century.

MechanicalClocks

In1656,"ChristianHuygens'（Dutchscientist）,madethefirst"Pendulum（钟摆）clock",withamechanismusinga"natural"periodofoscillation（振幅）."GalileoGalilei"iscredited,inmosthistoricalbooks,forinventingthependulumasearlyas1582,buthisdesignwasnotbuiltbeforehisdeath.Huygens'clock,whenbuilt,hadanerrorof"lessthanonlyoneminuteaday".Thiswasamassiveleapinthedevelopmentofmaintainingaccuracy,asthishadpreviouslyneverbeenachieved.Laterrefinementstothependulumclockreducedthismarginoferrorto"lessthan10secondsaday".

Themechanicalclockcontinuedtodevelopuntiltheyachievedanaccuracyof"ahundredth-of-a-secondaday",whenthependulumclockbecametheacceptedstandardinmostastronomicalobservatories.

QuartzClocks

Therunningofa"Quartzclock"isbasedonthepiezoelectricpropertyofthequartzcrystal.Whenanelectricfieldisappliedtoaquartzcrystal,itactuallychangestheshapeofthecrystalitself,Ifyouthensqueezeitorbendit,anelectricfieldisgenerated.Whenplacedinanappropriateelectroniccircuit,thisinteractionbetweenthemechanicalstressandtheelectricalfieldcausesthecrystaltovibrate,generatingaconstantelectricsignalwhichcanthenbeusedforexampleonanelectronicclockdisplay.Thefirstwrist-watchesthatappearedinmassproductionused"LED","LightEmittingDiode"displays.Bythe1970'stheseweretobereplacedbya"LCD","LiquidCrystalDisplay".

Quartzclockscontinuetodominatethemarketbecauseoftheaccuracyandreliabilityoftheperformance,alsobeinginexpensivetoproduceonmassscale.Thetimekeepingperformanceofthequartzclockhasnowbeensurpassedbythe"Atomicclock".

AtomicClocks

Scientistsdiscoveredsometimeagothatatomsandmoleculeshave"resonances"andthateachchemicalelementandcompoundabsorbsandemits"electromagneticradiation"withinitsowncharacteristic"frequencies".Thiswearetoldishighlyaccurateevenover"TimeandSpace".

Thedevelopmentofradarandthesubsequentexperimentationwithhighfrequencyradiocommunicationsduringthe1930sand1940screatedavastamountofknowledgeregarding"electromagneticwaves",alsoknownas"microwaves".whichinteractwiththeatoms.ThedevelopmentofatomicclocksfocusedfirstlyonmicrowaveresonancesinthechemicalAmmoniaanditsmolecules.In1957."NIST".the"NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology",completedaseriesoftestsusinga"CesiumAtomicBeam"device,followedbyasecondprogramofexperimentsbyNISTinordertohavesomethingforcomparisonwhenworkingattheatomiclevel.By1960,astheoutcomeoftheprograms,"CesiumTimeStandards"wereincorporatedastheofficialtimekeepingsystematNIST.

The"Naturalfrequency"recognizedcurrentlyisthemeasurementoftime.usedbyallscientists,definestheperiodof"onesecond"asexactly"9,192,631,770Oscillations"or"9,192,631,770CyclesoftheCesiumAtom'sResonantFrequency".Fromthe"Macrocosm",or"PlanetaryAlignment",tothe"Microcosm",or"AtomicFrequency",thecesiumnowmaintainsaccuracywithadegreeoferrortoabout"one-millionthofasecondperyear".

Muchofmodernlifehascometodependonsuchprecisemeasurementsoftime.Thedayislongpastwhenwecouldgetbywithatimepiece（钟）accuratetothenearestquarterhour.Transportation,financialmarkets,communication,manufacturing,electricpowerandmanyothertechnologieshavebecomedependentonsuper-accurateclocks.Scientificresearchandthedemandsofmoderntechnologycontinueredriveoursearchforevermoreaccuracy,ThenextgenerationofCesiumTimeStandardsispresentlyunderdevelopmentatNIST's"BoulderLaboratory"andotherlaboratoriesaroundtheworld.

SomethingtoRemember

Theonlythingthatshouldberememberedduringallthistechnologicaldevelopmentisthatweshouldneverlosetheabilitytotellthetimeapproximatelybynaturalmeansandthepowersofdeductionwithoutrequiringcrutches（拐杖）toleanon.

OurconceptofTIMEandusingittogetherwithTECHNOLOGYstillhasroomforradicalreassessmentintermsofman'sevolutionarythinkingregardingourviewofthepast,ouronwardjourneyintothefutureandourconceptoftimeinrelationshiptouniverse.

1.Itissuggestedthat5,000-6,000yearsagopeopleintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricastartedtoallotspecificlengthsoftimetotasks.

2.AncientEgyptian"shadowclock"or"sundial"discoveredaround1500BC,couldmeasurepassageof"hours"automaticallyandcontinuously.

3."Waterclocks"wasthefirstdevicethatdidn'tusetheobservationofthecelestialbodiestocalculatethepassageoftime.

4.GalileoGalileibuiltthefirst"pendulumclock"asearlyas1656.

5.Waterclocksweremostlyusedtodetermine______.

6.Huygens'clock,amechanicalone,hadanerrorof"lessthanonlyoneminuteaday",whichwasamassiveleapinthedevelopmentof______.

7.SinceQuartzclocksarebothinexpensivetoproduceinmassscaleand______inperformance,theycontinuetodominatethemarket.

8.Scientificresearchandthe______continuetodriveoursearchforevermoreaccuracyintime.

9.Ofalltheclocksintroducedinthepassage,theonewiththemostaccuracyis______.

10.Nomatterhowadvancedthetechnologyofmeasuringtimewillbeweshouldneverlosetheabilitytotellthetimeapproximatelyby______.

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

11.A）Thetransportationfarthetripisfree.

B）Theclassdidn'tenjoygoingonthefieldtrip.

C）Somepeoplemaynotgoonthetrip.

D）Alloftheclassmembersnavepaidthefee.

12.A）Takealotofmoney.B）Gotoadifferentrestaurant.

C）Don'tinviteJohn.D）Weardifferentclothes.

13.A）Theydidn'thaveggoodtalk.B）Theydecidedtogobyplane.

C）Theyweren'tabletotakeawalk.D）Theytalkedaboutgeology.

14.A）Shedoesn'tneedanumbrella.

B）Sheleftherumbrellainthecar.

C）Shecanholdherumbrellaovertheman'shead.

D）She'stheonlyonewhodoesn'thaveanumbrella.

15.A）Hewouldsendapostcardifhewentaway.

B）Hewouldbeabletotakeavacation.

C）Hehadalreadygonebacktowork.

D）Hedidn'twanttogotoFlorida.

16.A）ThemanwantstomovetoSanFrancisco,butthewomandoesn'tagree.

B）Themanthinksit'stoocoldtomovetoSanFrancisco.

C）Thewomanagreeswiththeman'sidea.

D）Thewomandoesn'twanttomovebecausethechildrenwillhaven